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Aryia-Behroziuan / ReferencesPoole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, p. 1. Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 55. Definition of AI as the study of intelligent agents: Poole, Mackworth & Goebel (1998), which provides the version that is used in this article. These authors use the term "computational intelligence" as a synonym for artificial intelligence.[1] Russell & Norvig (2003) (who prefer the term "rational agent") and write "The whole-agent view is now widely accepted in the field".[2] Nilsson 1998 Legg & Hutter 2007 Russell & Norvig 2009, p. 2. McCorduck 2004, p. 204 Maloof, Mark. "Artificial Intelligence: An Introduction, p. 37" (PDF). georgetown.edu. Archived (PDF) from the original on 25 August 2018. "How AI Is Getting Groundbreaking Changes In Talent Management And HR Tech". Hackernoon. Archived from the original on 11 September 2019. Retrieved 14 February 2020. Schank, Roger C. (1991). "Where's the AI". AI magazine. Vol. 12 no. 4. p. 38. Russell & Norvig 2009. "AlphaGo – Google DeepMind". Archived from the original on 10 March 2016. Allen, Gregory (April 2020). "Department of Defense Joint AI Center - Understanding AI Technology" (PDF). AI.mil - The official site of the Department of Defense Joint Artificial Intelligence Center. Archived (PDF) from the original on 21 April 2020. Retrieved 25 April 2020. Optimism of early AI: * Herbert Simon quote: Simon 1965, p. 96 quoted in Crevier 1993, p. 109. * Marvin Minsky quote: Minsky 1967, p. 2 quoted in Crevier 1993, p. 109. Boom of the 1980s: rise of expert systems, Fifth Generation Project, Alvey, MCC, SCI: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 426–441 * Crevier 1993, pp. 161–162,197–203, 211, 240 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 24 * NRC 1999, pp. 210–211 * Newquist 1994, pp. 235–248 First AI Winter, Mansfield Amendment, Lighthill report * Crevier 1993, pp. 115–117 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 22 * NRC 1999, pp. 212–213 * Howe 1994 * Newquist 1994, pp. 189–201 Second AI winter: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 430–435 * Crevier 1993, pp. 209–210 * NRC 1999, pp. 214–216 * Newquist 1994, pp. 301–318 AI becomes hugely successful in the early 21st century * Clark 2015 Pamela McCorduck (2004, p. 424) writes of "the rough shattering of AI in subfields—vision, natural language, decision theory, genetic algorithms, robotics ... and these with own sub-subfield—that would hardly have anything to say to each other." This list of intelligent traits is based on the topics covered by the major AI textbooks, including: * Russell & Norvig 2003 * Luger & Stubblefield 2004 * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998 * Nilsson 1998 Kolata 1982. Maker 2006. Biological intelligence vs. intelligence in general: Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 2–3, who make the analogy with aeronautical engineering. McCorduck 2004, pp. 100–101, who writes that there are "two major branches of artificial intelligence: one aimed at producing intelligent behavior regardless of how it was accomplished, and the other aimed at modeling intelligent processes found in nature, particularly human ones." Kolata 1982, a paper in Science, which describes McCarthy's indifference to biological models. Kolata quotes McCarthy as writing: "This is AI, so we don't care if it's psychologically real".[19] McCarthy recently reiterated his position at the AI@50 conference where he said "Artificial intelligence is not, by definition, simulation of human intelligence".[20]. Neats vs. scruffies: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 421–424, 486–489 * Crevier 1993, p. 168 * Nilsson 1983, pp. 10–11 Symbolic vs. sub-symbolic AI: * Nilsson (1998, p. 7), who uses the term "sub-symbolic". General intelligence (strong AI) is discussed in popular introductions to AI: * Kurzweil 1999 and Kurzweil 2005 See the Dartmouth proposal, under Philosophy, below. McCorduck 2004, p. 34. McCorduck 2004, p. xviii. McCorduck 2004, p. 3. McCorduck 2004, pp. 340–400. This is a central idea of Pamela McCorduck's Machines Who Think. She writes: "I like to think of artificial intelligence as the scientific apotheosis of a venerable cultural tradition."[26] "Artificial intelligence in one form or another is an idea that has pervaded Western intellectual history, a dream in urgent need of being realized."[27] "Our history is full of attempts—nutty, eerie, comical, earnest, legendary and real—to make artificial intelligences, to reproduce what is the essential us—bypassing the ordinary means. Back and forth between myth and reality, our imaginations supplying what our workshops couldn't, we have engaged for a long time in this odd form of self-reproduction."[28] She traces the desire back to its Hellenistic roots and calls it the urge to "forge the Gods."[29] "Stephen Hawking believes AI could be mankind's last accomplishment". BetaNews. 21 October 2016. Archived from the original on 28 August 2017. Lombardo P, Boehm I, Nairz K (2020). "RadioComics – Santa Claus and the future of radiology". Eur J Radiol. 122 (1): 108771. doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2019.108771. PMID 31835078. Ford, Martin; Colvin, Geoff (6 September 2015). "Will robots create more jobs than they destroy?". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 16 June 2018. Retrieved 13 January 2018. AI applications widely used behind the scenes: * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 28 * Kurzweil 2005, p. 265 * NRC 1999, pp. 216–222 * Newquist 1994, pp. 189–201 AI in myth: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 4–5 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 939 AI in early science fiction. * McCorduck 2004, pp. 17–25 Formal reasoning: * Berlinski, David (2000). The Advent of the Algorithm. Harcourt Books. ISBN 978-0-15-601391-8. OCLC 46890682. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Turing, Alan (1948), "Machine Intelligence", in Copeland, B. Jack (ed.), The Essential Turing: The ideas that gave birth to the computer age, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 412, ISBN 978-0-19-825080-7 Russell & Norvig 2009, p. 16. Dartmouth conference: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 111–136 * Crevier 1993, pp. 47–49, who writes "the conference is generally recognized as the official birthdate of the new science." * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 17, who call the conference "the birth of artificial intelligence." * NRC 1999, pp. 200–201 McCarthy, John (1988). "Review of The Question of Artificial Intelligence". Annals of the History of Computing. 10 (3): 224–229., collected in McCarthy, John (1996). "10. Review of The Question of Artificial Intelligence". Defending AI Research: A Collection of Essays and Reviews. CSLI., p. 73, "[O]ne of the reasons for inventing the term "artificial intelligence" was to escape association with "cybernetics". Its concentration on analog feedback seemed misguided, and I wished to avoid having either to accept Norbert (not Robert) Wiener as a guru or having to argue with him." Hegemony of the Dartmouth conference attendees: * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 17, who write "for the next 20 years the field would be dominated by these people and their students." * McCorduck 2004, pp. 129–130 Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 18. Schaeffer J. (2009) Didn't Samuel Solve That Game?. In: One Jump Ahead. Springer, Boston, MA Samuel, A. L. (July 1959). "Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers". IBM Journal of Research and Development. 3 (3): 210–229. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.368.2254. doi:10.1147/rd.33.0210. "Golden years" of AI (successful symbolic reasoning programs 1956–1973): * McCorduck 2004, pp. 243–252 * Crevier 1993, pp. 52–107 * Moravec 1988, p. 9 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 18–21 The programs described are Arthur Samuel's checkers program for the IBM 701, Daniel Bobrow's STUDENT, Newell and Simon's Logic Theorist and Terry Winograd's SHRDLU. DARPA pours money into undirected pure research into AI during the 1960s: * McCorduck 2004, p. 131 * Crevier 1993, pp. 51, 64–65 * NRC 1999, pp. 204–205 AI in England: * Howe 1994 Lighthill 1973. Expert systems: * ACM 1998, I.2.1 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 22–24 * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 227–331 * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 17.4 * McCorduck 2004, pp. 327–335, 434–435 * Crevier 1993, pp. 145–62, 197–203 * Newquist 1994, pp. 155–183 Mead, Carver A.; Ismail, Mohammed (8 May 1989). Analog VLSI Implementation of Neural Systems (PDF). The Kluwer International Series in Engineering and Computer Science. 80. Norwell, MA: Kluwer Academic Publishers. doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-1639-8. ISBN 978-1-4613-1639-8. Archived from the original (PDF) on 6 November 2019. Retrieved 24 January 2020. Formal methods are now preferred ("Victory of the neats"): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 25–26 * McCorduck 2004, pp. 486–487 McCorduck 2004, pp. 480–483. Markoff 2011. 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(2017). Combining LiDAR space clustering and convolutional neural networks for pedestrian detection. 2017 14th IEEE International Conference on Advanced Video and Signal Based Surveillance (AVSS). pp. 1–6. arXiv:1710.06160. doi:10.1109/AVSS.2017.8078512. ISBN 978-1-5386-2939-0. S2CID 2401976. Ferguson, Sarah; Luders, Brandon; Grande, Robert C.; How, Jonathan P. (2015). Real-Time Predictive Modeling and Robust Avoidance of Pedestrians with Uncertain, Changing Intentions. Algorithmic Foundations of Robotics XI. Springer Tracts in Advanced Robotics. 107. Springer, Cham. pp. 161–177. arXiv:1405.5581. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-16595-0_10. ISBN 978-3-319-16594-3. S2CID 8681101. "Cultivating Common Sense | DiscoverMagazine.com". Discover Magazine. 2017. Archived from the original on 25 March 2018. Retrieved 24 March 2018. Davis, Ernest; Marcus, Gary (24 August 2015). "Commonsense reasoning and commonsense knowledge in artificial intelligence". 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Cognitive Systems Research. 48: 39–55. doi:10.1016/j.cogsys.2017.05.001. hdl:2318/1665207. S2CID 206868967. Problem solving, puzzle solving, game playing and deduction: * Russell & Norvig 2003, chpt. 3–9, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, chpt. 2,3,7,9, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, chpt. 3,4,6,8, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 7–12 Uncertain reasoning: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 452–644, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 345–395, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 333–381, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 19 Psychological evidence of sub-symbolic reasoning: * Wason & Shapiro (1966) showed that people do poorly on completely abstract problems, but if the problem is restated to allow the use of intuitive social intelligence, performance dramatically improves. (See Wason selection task) * Kahneman, Slovic & Tversky (1982) have shown that people are terrible at elementary problems that involve uncertain reasoning. (See list of cognitive biases for several examples). * Lakoff & Núñez (2000) have controversially argued that even our skills at mathematics depend on knowledge and skills that come from "the body", i.e. sensorimotor and perceptual skills. (See Where Mathematics Comes From) Knowledge representation: * ACM 1998, I.2.4, * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 320–363, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 23–46, 69–81, 169–196, 235–277, 281–298, 319–345, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 227–243, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18 Knowledge engineering: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 260–266, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 199–233, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. ≈17.1–17.4 Representing categories and relations: Semantic networks, description logics, inheritance (including frames and scripts): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 349–354, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 174–177, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 248–258, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18.3 Representing events and time:Situation calculus, event calculus, fluent calculus (including solving the frame problem): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 328–341, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 281–298, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 18.2 Causal calculus: * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 335–337 Representing knowledge about knowledge: Belief calculus, modal logics: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 341–344, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 275–277 Sikos, Leslie F. (June 2017). Description Logics in Multimedia Reasoning. Cham: Springer. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-54066-5. ISBN 978-3-319-54066-5. S2CID 3180114. Archived from the original on 29 August 2017. Ontology: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 320–328 Smoliar, Stephen W.; Zhang, HongJiang (1994). "Content based video indexing and retrieval". IEEE Multimedia. 1 (2): 62–72. doi:10.1109/93.311653. S2CID 32710913. Neumann, Bernd; Möller, Ralf (January 2008). "On scene interpretation with description logics". Image and Vision Computing. 26 (1): 82–101. doi:10.1016/j.imavis.2007.08.013. Kuperman, G. J.; Reichley, R. M.; Bailey, T. C. (1 July 2006). "Using Commercial Knowledge Bases for Clinical Decision Support: Opportunities, Hurdles, and Recommendations". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association. 13 (4): 369–371. doi:10.1197/jamia.M2055. PMC 1513681. PMID 16622160. MCGARRY, KEN (1 December 2005). "A survey of interestingness measures for knowledge discovery". The Knowledge Engineering Review. 20 (1): 39–61. doi:10.1017/S0269888905000408. S2CID 14987656. Bertini, M; Del Bimbo, A; Torniai, C (2006). "Automatic annotation and semantic retrieval of video sequences using multimedia ontologies". MM '06 Proceedings of the 14th ACM international conference on Multimedia. 14th ACM international conference on Multimedia. Santa Barbara: ACM. pp. 679–682. Qualification problem: * McCarthy & Hayes 1969 * Russell & Norvig 2003[page needed] While McCarthy was primarily concerned with issues in the logical representation of actions, Russell & Norvig 2003 apply the term to the more general issue of default reasoning in the vast network of assumptions underlying all our commonsense knowledge. Default reasoning and default logic, non-monotonic logics, circumscription, closed world assumption, abduction (Poole et al. places abduction under "default reasoning". Luger et al. places this under "uncertain reasoning"): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 354–360, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 248–256, 323–335, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 335–363, * Nilsson 1998, ~18.3.3 Breadth of commonsense knowledge: * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 21, * Crevier 1993, pp. 113–114, * Moravec 1988, p. 13, * Lenat & Guha 1989 (Introduction) Dreyfus & Dreyfus 1986. Gladwell 2005. Expert knowledge as embodied intuition: * Dreyfus & Dreyfus 1986 (Hubert Dreyfus is a philosopher and critic of AI who was among the first to argue that most useful human knowledge was encoded sub-symbolically. See Dreyfus' critique of AI) * Gladwell 2005 (Gladwell's Blink is a popular introduction to sub-symbolic reasoning and knowledge.) * Hawkins & Blakeslee 2005 (Hawkins argues that sub-symbolic knowledge should be the primary focus of AI research.) Planning: * ACM 1998, ~I.2.8, * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 375–459, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 281–316, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 314–329, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 10.1–2, 22 Information value theory: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 600–604 Classical planning: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 375–430, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 281–315, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 314–329, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 10.1–2, 22 Planning and acting in non-deterministic domains: conditional planning, execution monitoring, replanning and continuous planning: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 430–449 Multi-agent planning and emergent behavior: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 449–455 Turing 1950. Solomonoff 1956. Alan Turing discussed the centrality of learning as early as 1950, in his classic paper "Computing Machinery and Intelligence".[120] In 1956, at the original Dartmouth AI summer conference, Ray Solomonoff wrote a report on unsupervised probabilistic machine learning: "An Inductive Inference Machine".[121] This is a form of Tom Mitchell's widely quoted definition of machine learning: "A computer program is set to learn from an experience E with respect to some task T and some performance measure P if its performance on T as measured by P improves with experience E." Learning: * ACM 1998, I.2.6, * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 649–788, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 397–438, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 385–542, * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 3.3, 10.3, 17.5, 20 Jordan, M. I.; Mitchell, T. M. (16 July 2015). "Machine learning: Trends, perspectives, and prospects". Science. 349 (6245): 255–260. Bibcode:2015Sci...349..255J. doi:10.1126/science.aaa8415. PMID 26185243. S2CID 677218. Reinforcement learning: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 763–788 * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 442–449 Natural language processing: * ACM 1998, I.2.7 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 790–831 * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 91–104 * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 591–632 "Versatile question answering systems: seeing in synthesis" Archived 1 February 2016 at the Wayback Machine, Mittal et al., IJIIDS, 5(2), 119–142, 2011 Applications of natural language processing, including information retrieval (i.e. text mining) and machine translation: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 840–857, * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 623–630 Cambria, Erik; White, Bebo (May 2014). "Jumping NLP Curves: A Review of Natural Language Processing Research [Review Article]". IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine. 9 (2): 48–57. doi:10.1109/MCI.2014.2307227. S2CID 206451986. Vincent, James (7 November 2019). "OpenAI has published the text-generating AI it said was too dangerous to share". The Verge. Archived from the original on 11 June 2020. Retrieved 11 June 2020. Machine perception: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 537–581, 863–898 * Nilsson 1998, ~chpt. 6 Speech recognition: * ACM 1998, ~I.2.7 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 568–578 Object recognition: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 885–892 Computer vision: * ACM 1998, I.2.10 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 863–898 * Nilsson 1998, chpt. 6 Robotics: * ACM 1998, I.2.9, * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 901–942, * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 443–460 Moving and configuration space: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 916–932 Tecuci 2012. Robotic mapping (localization, etc): * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 908–915 Cadena, Cesar; Carlone, Luca; Carrillo, Henry; Latif, Yasir; Scaramuzza, Davide; Neira, Jose; Reid, Ian; Leonard, John J. (December 2016). "Past, Present, and Future of Simultaneous Localization and Mapping: Toward the Robust-Perception Age". IEEE Transactions on Robotics. 32 (6): 1309–1332. arXiv:1606.05830. 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Retrieved 26 April 2018. Domingos 2015. Artificial brain arguments: AI requires a simulation of the operation of the human brain * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 957 * Crevier 1993, pp. 271 and 279 A few of the people who make some form of the argument: * Moravec 1988 * Kurzweil 2005, p. 262 * Hawkins & Blakeslee 2005 The most extreme form of this argument (the brain replacement scenario) was put forward by Clark Glymour in the mid-1970s and was touched on by Zenon Pylyshyn and John Searle in 1980. Goertzel, Ben; Lian, Ruiting; Arel, Itamar; de Garis, Hugo; Chen, Shuo (December 2010). "A world survey of artificial brain projects, Part II: Biologically inspired cognitive architectures". Neurocomputing. 74 (1–3): 30–49. doi:10.1016/j.neucom.2010.08.012. Nilsson 1983, p. 10. Nils Nilsson writes: "Simply put, there is wide disagreement in the field about what AI is all about."[163] AI's immediate precursors: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 51–107 * Crevier 1993, pp. 27–32 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 15, 940 * Moravec 1988, p. 3 Haugeland 1985, pp. 112–117 The most dramatic case of sub-symbolic AI being pushed into the background was the devastating critique of perceptrons by Marvin Minsky and Seymour Papert in 1969. See History of AI, AI winter, or Frank Rosenblatt. Cognitive simulation, Newell and Simon, AI at CMU (then called Carnegie Tech): * McCorduck 2004, pp. 139–179, 245–250, 322–323 (EPAM) * Crevier 1993, pp. 145–149 Soar (history): * McCorduck 2004, pp. 450–451 * Crevier 1993, pp. 258–263 McCarthy and AI research at SAIL and SRI International: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 251–259 * Crevier 1993 AI research at Edinburgh and in France, birth of Prolog: * Crevier 1993, pp. 193–196 * Howe 1994 AI at MIT under Marvin Minsky in the 1960s : * McCorduck 2004, pp. 259–305 * Crevier 1993, pp. 83–102, 163–176 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 19 Cyc: * McCorduck 2004, p. 489, who calls it "a determinedly scruffy enterprise" * Crevier 1993, pp. 239–243 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 363−365 * Lenat & Guha 1989 Knowledge revolution: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 266–276, 298–300, 314, 421 * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 22–23 Frederick, Hayes-Roth; William, Murray; Leonard, Adelman. "Expert systems". AccessScience. doi:10.1036/1097-8542.248550. Embodied approaches to AI: * McCorduck 2004, pp. 454–462 * Brooks 1990 * Moravec 1988 Weng et al. 2001. Lungarella et al. 2003. Asada et al. 2009. Oudeyer 2010. Revival of connectionism: * Crevier 1993, pp. 214–215 * Russell & Norvig 2003, p. 25 Computational intelligence * IEEE Computational Intelligence Society Archived 9 May 2008 at the Wayback Machine Hutson, Matthew (16 February 2018). "Artificial intelligence faces reproducibility crisis". Science. pp. 725–726. Bibcode:2018Sci...359..725H. doi:10.1126/science.359.6377.725. Archived from the original on 29 April 2018. Retrieved 28 April 2018. Norvig 2012. Langley 2011. Katz 2012. The intelligent agent paradigm: * Russell & Norvig 2003, pp. 27, 32–58, 968–972 * Poole, Mackworth & Goebel 1998, pp. 7–21 * Luger & Stubblefield 2004, pp. 235–240 * Hutter 2005, pp. 125–126 The definition used in this article, in terms of goals, actions, perception and environment, is due to Russell & Norvig (2003). 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[230] Strong AI is defined similarly by Russell & Norvig (2003, p. 947): "The assertion that machines could possibly act intelligently
opengeospatial / OGC Technology TrendsNo description available
needle-mirror / Com.unity.purchasing[Mirrored from UPM, not affiliated with Unity Technologies.] 📦 IMPORTANT UPGRADE NOTES:If updating from Unity IAP (com.unity.purchasing + the Asset Store plugin) versions 2.x to version 3.x, complete the following actions in order to resolve compilation errors: 1. Move IAPProductCatalog.json and BillingMode.jsonFROM: Assets/Plugins/UnityPurchasing/Resources/TO: Assets/Resources/. 2. Move AppleTangle.cs and GooglePlayTangle.csFROM: Assets/Plugins/UnityPurchasing/generatedTO: Assets/Scripts/UnityPurchasing/generated. 3. Remove all remaining Asset Store plugin folders and files in Assets/Plugins/UnityPurchasing from your project.PACKAGE DESCRIPTION:With Unity IAP, setting up in-app purchases for your game across multiple app stores has never been easier.This package provides: ▪ One common API to access all stores for free so you can fully understand and optimize your in-game economy ▪ Automatic coupling with Unity Analytics to enable monitoring and decision-making based on trends in your revenue and purchase data across multiple platforms ▪ Support for iOS, Mac, tvOS, Google Play, Windows, and Amazon app stores(*). ▪ Support to work with the Unity Distribution Portal to synchronize catalogs and transactions with other app stores ▪ Client-side receipt validation for Apple App Store and Google PlayAfter installing this package, open the Services Window to enable In-App Purchasing to use these features.
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Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013 – via msu.edu. "Applications of AI". www-formal.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016. Further reading DH Author, 'Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation' (2015) 29(3) Journal of Economic Perspectives 3. Boden, Margaret, Mind As Machine, Oxford University Press, 2006. Cukier, Kenneth, "Ready for Robots? How to Think about the Future of AI", Foreign Affairs, vol. 98, no. 4 (July/August 2019), pp. 192–98. George Dyson, historian of computing, writes (in what might be called "Dyson's Law") that "Any system simple enough to be understandable will not be complicated enough to behave intelligently, while any system complicated enough to behave intelligently will be too complicated to understand." (p. 197.) Computer scientist Alex Pentland writes: "Current AI machine-learning algorithms are, at their core, dead simple stupid. They work, but they work by brute force." (p. 198.) Domingos, Pedro, "Our Digital Doubles: AI will serve our species, not control it", Scientific American, vol. 319, no. 3 (September 2018), pp. 88–93. Gopnik, Alison, "Making AI More Human: Artificial intelligence has staged a revival by starting to incorporate what we know about how children learn", Scientific American, vol. 316, no. 6 (June 2017), pp. 60–65. Johnston, John (2008) The Allure of Machinic Life: Cybernetics, Artificial Life, and the New AI, MIT Press. Koch, Christof, "Proust among the Machines", Scientific American, vol. 321, no. 6 (December 2019), pp. 46–49. Christof Koch doubts the possibility of "intelligent" machines attaining consciousness, because "[e]ven the most sophisticated brain simulations are unlikely to produce conscious feelings." (p. 48.) According to Koch, "Whether machines can become sentient [is important] for ethical reasons. If computers experience life through their own senses, they cease to be purely a means to an end determined by their usefulness to... humans. Per GNW [the Global Neuronal Workspace theory], they turn from mere objects into subjects... with a point of view.... Once computers' cognitive abilities rival those of humanity, their impulse to push for legal and political rights will become irresistible – the right not to be deleted, not to have their memories wiped clean, not to suffer pain and degradation. The alternative, embodied by IIT [Integrated Information Theory], is that computers will remain only supersophisticated machinery, ghostlike empty shells, devoid of what we value most: the feeling of life itself." (p. 49.) Marcus, Gary, "Am I Human?: Researchers need new ways to distinguish artificial intelligence from the natural kind", Scientific American, vol. 316, no. 3 (March 2017), pp. 58–63. A stumbling block to AI has been an incapacity for reliable disambiguation. An example is the "pronoun disambiguation problem": a machine has no way of determining to whom or what a pronoun in a sentence refers. (p. 61.) E McGaughey, 'Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Full Employment, Basic Income, and Economic Democracy' (2018) SSRN, part 2(3) Archived 24 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine. George Musser, "Artificial Imagination: How machines could learn creativity and common sense, among other human qualities", Scientific American, vol. 320, no. 5 (May 2019), pp. 58–63. Myers, Courtney Boyd ed. (2009). "The AI Report" Archived 29 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Forbes June 2009 Raphael, Bertram (1976). The Thinking Computer. W.H.Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-0723-3. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Scharre, Paul, "Killer Apps: The Real Dangers of an AI Arms Race", Foreign Affairs, vol. 98, no. 3 (May/June 2019), pp. 135–44. "Today's AI technologies are powerful but unreliable. Rules-based systems cannot deal with circumstances their programmers did not anticipate. Learning systems are limited by the data on which they were trained. AI failures have already led to tragedy. Advanced autopilot features in cars, although they perform well in some circumstances, have driven cars without warning into trucks, concrete barriers, and parked cars. In the wrong situation, AI systems go from supersmart to superdumb in an instant. When an enemy is trying to manipulate and hack an AI system, the risks are even greater." (p. 140.) Serenko, Alexander (2010). "The development of an AI journal ranking based on the revealed preference approach" (PDF). Journal of Informetrics. 4 (4): 447–459. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2010.04.001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013. Serenko, Alexander; Michael Dohan (2011). "Comparing the expert survey and citation impact journal ranking methods: Example from the field of Artificial Intelligence" (PDF). Journal of Informetrics. 5 (4): 629–649. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2011.06.002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013. Sun, R. & Bookman, L. (eds.), Computational Architectures: Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Needham, MA. 1994. Tom Simonite (29 December 2014). "2014 in Computing: Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence". MIT Technology Review. Tooze, Adam, "Democracy and Its Discontents", The New York Review of Books, vol. LXVI, no. 10 (6 June 2019), pp. 52–53, 56–57. "Democracy has no clear answer for the mindless operation of bureaucratic and technological power. We may indeed be witnessing its extension in the form of artificial intelligence and robotics. Likewise, after decades of dire warning, the environmental problem remains fundamentally unaddressed.... Bureaucratic overreach and environmental catastrophe are precisely the kinds of slow-moving existential challenges that democracies deal with very badly.... Finally, there is the threat du jour: corporations and the technologies they promote." (pp. 56–57.)
owensgroup / GpustatsStatistics on GPUs
romanzaikin / From Zero To Hero In Blockchain Security DefCon30 WorkshopBlockchain technology has to be one of the biggest technology innovations of the past few years. The top emerging blockchain development trends are crypto coins, NFT, Defi, and even metaverse. Nowadays, Companies are adopting blockchain technology and moving to the decentralized world. Especially smart contract technologies, which open them to a new cyberattack in a new crypto world. While technology evolves cybercriminals evolve along and we constantly hear about the theft of millions of dollars at security breaches in smart contracts everywhere.
disojn / Time Series EDA And ForecastIn this section, I begin with the excel file of sales data, which I obtained from the Tableau Community Forum. As a recall, the data contains mostly categorical variables and components of the vectors from the description column. The index column is a timeseries format. The major objective of this section is to understand the general trends in the data, and gain some quick insights, and then predict and forcast the Sales of the category "Technology" of the given sales data.The statistical significance of these observations will be also tested in 'Exploratory Data Analysis'.
Offensive-Wireless / Bluetooth Penetration TestingExplore the realm of Bluetooth Penetration Testing through our comprehensive website. Learn about different techniques, tools, and best practices used to expose vulnerabilities and improve the security of Bluetooth technologies. Stay up-to-date with latest trends and advancements in the field of Bluetooth security testing.
ariels7801 / Spring5webappThis is the most modern and comprehensive course available for Spring Framework 5 and Spring Boot 2. All source code examples used in this course have been developed using the latest version of the Spring Framework - Spring Framework 5 and Spring Boot 2. In this course, you will build multiple real world applications using Spring Framework 5. You will see how modern Spring Framework development is done by leveraging the features of Spring Boot 2. Jump In and Build a Spring MVC App with Spring Boot! We'll jump right into web development with the Spring Framework. I'll show you how kick off a Spring Boot project by using the Spring Initializr. We will then go step by step to build a simple Book / Author web application. You will see how easy it is to use Spring Boot, Spring MVC, and Spring Data JPA to create a functional web application running under Tomcat with a H2 in-memory database. Use Test Driven Development! In addition to teaching you Spring Framework 5, you will learn about modern best practices used in enterprise application development. As we build the applications, you'll see me using Test Driven Development (TDD) with JUnit and Mockito. Using Mockito mocks keeps your Spring Framework unit tests light and fast! You'll also see how the Spring context can be used for more complex integration tests. These techniques are best practices used by companies all over the world to build and manage large scale Spring Framework applications. GitHub Source Code You will have complete access to all source code examples used in the course. In each lesson where we write code, you will have a link to GitHub with two branches in the Github repository. The first branch is the starting state of the code. The second branch is the ending state of the code. You can see exactly what changed in each lesson. Each step of the way, you have a working example you can use for troubleshooting. In fact, you will get access to 15 (and growing!) different GitHub repositories - each packed with Spring Framework programming examples. And, you're encouraged to fork my GitHub repositories so you can share the Spring Framework applications, which you built, to future employers! Continuous Integration Builds Since we are using GitHub and have great test coverage, I also show you how easy it is to set up Continuous Integration builds with CircleCI. Continuous Integration builds are another best practice used by enterprise developers. Using CircleCI makes your CI builds a snap! Project Lombok We all know Java development can require a lot of boiler plate code. It's just the nature of Java. Would you like to see how to slash your boiler plate code using Project Lombok? Spring Data JPA and Hibernate Spring MVC and Hibernate have long been cornerstones of the Spring Framework. You will learn how to use Spring MVC, Spring Data JPA and Hibernate to build a real world web application. You'll learn about Hibernate configuration, and about the mapping of JPA entities. The Thymeleaf template engine is hugely popular with the Spring community. You will see how easy Spring Boot makes using Thymeleaf with Spring MVC. While Bootstrap CSS is not a focus of the course, we will leverage Bootstrap CSS to make our web pages look awesome! Spring MVC Spring MVC has a lot of robust capabilities. I start you off showing you how to build recipe application (using TDD, of course). Initially, it's all happy path development. We go back and add custom exception handling, form validation, and internationalization. Reactive Programming A big theme of Spring Framework 5 is Reactive Programming. Inside the course we build a web application using Thymeleaf, Spring MVC, Spring Data MongoDB, and MongoDB. We then take the MongoDB application we built and convert it to a Reactive application. You'll see how you can leverage the new Reactive types inside the Spring Framework from the data tier to the web tier. You will get to see step by step how to convert a traditional Spring MVC application to an end to end reactive application using the WebFlux framework - which is brand new to Spring Framework 5. Coming Soon to the Course I plan to add a lot more content to this course! I want this to be your go-to course for becoming a Spring Framework developer. Coming soon to the course in 2017: Building RESTFul APIs with Spring WebFlux (New in Spring Framework 5!) Spring Security Documenting your APIs with RestDoc and Swagger 2 Aspect Oriented Programming Using Spring Events Scheduling Tasks Using JAXB Caching with eHcache Spring JDBC (JDBC Template) Spring RestTemplate JMS Messaging AMQP with RabbitMQ Logging configuration for Logback and Log4J 2 And more real world Spring Framework apps! Message me if there is a topic you'd like to see! Spring Framework 5 GA Release This Spring Framework course is so new, it has been developed using Spring Framework 5 'Release Candidate' releases. Spring Framework 5 went GA (General Availability) in September of 2017. The Spring Boot 2.0 GA release is expected to be in late 2017. All source code examples will get updated as the GA releases of the Spring Framework and Spring Boot become available. Course Updates August 1, 2017 - All source code examples updated to latest release of Spring Framework 5 and Spring Boot 2. Now on Spring Framework 5.0 RC3 and Spring Boot 2.0.0.M3. August 8, 2017 - Added content for internationalization with Spring MVC. Added new section to course for using MySQL with Spring Boot / Spring MVC. Added CircleCI for CI builds. CodeCov (dot) io for test coverage reporting. August 9th, 2017 - Added whole new section course on Spring Data MongoDB. Learn to build a web application using the best of the Spring Framework! August 25th, 2017 - Reactive Programming with Spring Framework 5! Almost two hours of additional content has been added on Reactive Programming and Reactive MongoDB. October 10th, 2017 - 3 hours of new content added for consuming and building RESTFul web services using Spring MVC. This includes using RestTemplate to consume RESTFul services, Spring 5 WebClient to consume RESTFul services using Reactive data types, and new lessons on using MapStruct for data mapping. Course Extra - Spring Boot Cookbook! Inside this course, I'm including a Spring Boot Cookbook. You will have complete examples of using the Spring Framework with popular open source technologies. When you get hired as a Spring Framework developer, you'll have ready made Spring Framework examples! My Spring Boot Cookbook includes example Spring Boot projects for: MongoDB MySQL Postgres Maria DB DB2 Express Neo4J Redis Cassandra ActiveMQ RabbitMQ Course Extra - Learn Docker! Docker is an exciting technology that is on fire right now! As a course extra, I'm including the first 3 sections from my top rated Docker for Java Developers course. You will learn more about what Docker is and how you can deploy and run a Spring Boot application inside a Docker container. For Java developers, Docker really is a game changer! Course Extra - IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate Students enrolling in the course can receive a free 90 day trial license to IntelliJ IDEA Ultimate! Closed Captioning / Subtitles Closed captioning in english is available for all course videos! PDF Downloads All keynote presentations are available for you to download as PDFs. Lifetime Access When you purchase this course, you will receive lifetime access! You can login anytime from anywhere to access the course content. No Risk - Money Back Guarantee You can buy this course with no risk. If you are unhappy with the course, for any reason, you can get a complete refund. The course has a 30 day Money Back Guarantee. Future Proof Your Programming Career There is huge demand for Spring Framework developers. Downloads of Spring Boot are up 425% year over year, while Gartner Research is calling Java EE "Obsolete". The market trends are clear. Popularity for JEE is rapidly declining. The popularity for the Spring Framework is growing. Spring Framework 5 is packed with exciting and innovative new features making it a natural choice for enterprise application development. Future proof your programming career. Start learning how to building modern applications using the Spring Framework and enroll in this course today! ¿Cuáles son los requisitos? Basic Java knowledge is required HTML Knowledge is very helpful Knowledge of SQL and databases is helpful ¿Qué voy a aprender en este curso? Learn the Spring Framework from an instructor who has worked for Pivotal customers as a Spring Source consultant, and has spoken at Spring One Learn step by step how to build applications using Spring Framework 5 and Spring Boot 2 You will be taught using best practices such as SOLID OOP, GitHub, Test Driven Development, and Continuous Integration Testing You will understand how to access data using Hibernate 5 and Spring Data JPA Build an end to end Reactive application with Spring Framework 5 and MongoDB Learn About Reactive Programming with Spring Framework 5 Build web applications using Spring MVC See how to run a Spring Boot application inside a Docker container Get access to a Spring Boot Application Cookbook ¿A quién está dirigido? This course is ideal for Java developers who wish to use the Spring Framework for enterprise application development Ver más
sharmaroshan / Basic Python CourseThe Course includes all the basic concepts of Python. Python Programming Language is one of the most trending programming languages in the world currently due to it's large applications in different domains and technologies. Python is the first choice for Data Science, Machine Learning, Deep Learning, Computer Vision, Block chain etc.,
frau-azadeh / Finance BourseA responsive and visually appealing Finance Dashboard to display financial data, industry trends, and dynamic charts. Built using modern web technologies, this project is optimized for both functionality and user experience.
RBStephenson / AI News WriterThe primary purpose of this project is to create a news aggregator that gathers headlines and summaries announcements, news, and trending information about artificial intelligence and other cool technology stuff. After it has collected the articles and announcements, I would like it to generate a summary giving the highlights of that week's news. Ideally, after it has collected and summarized the information, I would like to generate a script based on the summaries and hopefully do a weekly online show discussing the happenings and other current events. Additionally, this is an exercise in for me to learn Cookiecutter, Git, ReadTheDocs, and Travis.CI. I have primarily worked with TFS, SVN, and Jenkins for CI. This will be a big learning experience for me. I'm ready to bang my head against my desk and learn everything I can.
ananya2001gupta / Bitcoin Price Prediction Using AI ML.Identify the software project, create business case, arrive at a problem statement. REQUIREMENT: Window XP, Internet, MS Office, etc. Problem Description: - 1. Introduction of AI and Machine Learning: - Artificial Intelligence applies machine learning, deep learning and other techniques to solve actual problems. Artificial intelligence (AI) brings the genuine human-to-machine interaction. Simply, Machine Learning is the algorithm that give computers the ability to learn from data and then make decisions and predictions, AI refers to idea where machines can execute tasks smartly. It is a faster process in learning the risk factors, and profitable opportunities. They have a feature of learning from their mistakes and experiences. When Machine learning is combined with Artificial Intelligence, it can be a large field to gather an immense amount of information and then rectify the errors and learn from further experiences, developing in a smarter, faster and accuracy handling technique. The main difference between Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence is , If it is written in python then it is probably machine learning, If it is written in power point then it is artificial intelligence. As there are many existing projects that are implemented using AI and Machine Learning , And one of the project i.e., Bitcoin Price Prediction :- Bitcoin (₿ ) (founder - Satoshi Nakamoto , Ledger start: 3 January 2009 ) is a digital currency, a type of electronic money. It is decentralized advanced cash without a national bank or single chairman that can be sent from client to client on the shared Bitcoin arrange without middle people's requirement. Machine learning models can likely give us the insight we need to learn about the future of Cryptocurrency. It will not tell us the future but it might tell us the general trend and direction to expect the prices to move. These machine learning models predict the future of Bitcoin by coding them out in Python. Machine learning and AI-assisted trading have attracted growing interest for the past few years. this approach is to test the hypothesis that the inefficiency of the cryptocurrency market can be exploited to generate abnormal profits. the application of machine learning algorithms to the cryptocurrency market has been limited so far to the analysis of Bitcoin prices, using random forests , Bayesian neural network , long short-term memory neural network , and other algorithms. 2. Applications/Scope of AI and Machine Learning :- a) Sentiment Analysis :- It is the classification of subjective opinions or emotions (positive, negative, and neutral) within text data using natural language processing. b) It is Characterized as a use of computerized reasoning where accessible data is utilized through calculations to process or help the handling of factual information. BITCOIN PRICE PREDICTION USING AI AND MACHINE LEARNING: - The main aim of this is to find the actual Bitcoin price in US dollars can be predicted. The chance to make a model equipped for anticipating digital currencies fundamentally Bitcoin. # It works the prediction by taking the coinMarkup cap. # CoinMarketCap provides with historical data for Bitcoin price changes, keep a record of all the transactions by recording the amount of coins in circulation and the volume of coins traded in the last 24-hours. # Quandl is used to filter the dataset by using the MAT Lab properties. 3. Problem statement: - Some AI and Machine Learning problem statements are: - a) Data Privacy and Security: Once a company has dug up the data, privacy and security is eye-catching aspect that needs to be taken care of. b) Data Scarcity: The data is a very important aspect of AI, and labeled data is used to train machines to learn and make predictions. c) Data acquisition: In the process of machine learning, a large amount of data is used in the process of training and learning. d) High error susceptibility: In the process of artificial intelligence and machine learning, the high amount of data is used. Some problem statements of Bitcoin Price Prediction using AI and Machine Learning: - a) Experimental Phase Risk: It is less experimental than other counterparts. In addition, relative to traditional assets, its level can be assessed as high because this asset is not intended for conservative investors. b) Technology Risks: There is a technological risk to other cryptocurrencies in the form of the potential appearance of a more advanced cryptocurrency. Investors may simply not notice the moment when their virtual assets lose their real value. c) Price Variability: The variability of the value of cryptocurrency are the large volumes of exchange trading, the integration of Bitcoin with various companies, legislative initiatives of regulatory bodies and many other, sometimes disregarded phenomena. d) Consumer Protection: The property of the irreversibility of transactions in itself has little effect on the risks of investing in Bitcoin as an asset. e) Price Fluctuation Prediction: Since many investors care more about whether the sudden rise or fall is worth following. Bitcoin price often fluctuates by more than 10% (or even more than 30%) at some times. f) Lacks Government Regulation: Regulators in traditional financial markets are basically missing in the field of cryptocurrencies. For instance, fake news frequently affects the decisions of individual investors. g) It is difficult to use large interval data (e.g., day-level, and month-level data) . h) The change time of mining difficulties is much longer. Moreover, do not consider the news information since it is hard to determine the authenticity of a news or predict the occurrence of emergencies.
lixx21 / Data Engineer Christmas DataThe Christmas Project is a festive-themed data engineering initiative designed to integrate and analyze diverse datasets, creating a comprehensive view of Christmas-related trends. Leveraging modern cloud and data technologies, it brings together music, movies, sales, and weather data to showcase how technology can enhance the holiday spirit.
