60 skills found · Page 1 of 2
kahypar / KahyparKaHyPar (Karlsruhe Hypergraph Partitioning) is a multilevel hypergraph partitioning framework providing direct k-way and recursive bisection based partitioning algorithms that compute solutions of very high quality.
mihirp1998 / AlignPropAlignProp uses direct reward backpropogation for the alignment of large-scale text-to-image diffusion models. Our method is 25x more sample and compute efficient than reinforcement learning methods (PPO) for finetuning Stable Diffusion
chenjd / Unity Boids Behavior On GPGPUBoids behavior calculation code is modified to utilize Microsoft Direct Compute resulting significant improvements in Performance. 利用Compute Shader实现Boids模拟。
rezo-labs / Directus Extension Computed InterfacePerform computed value based on other fields
Project-10 / DGMDirect Graphical Models (DGM) C++ library, a cross-platform Conditional Random Fields library, which is optimized for parallel computing and includes modules for feature extraction, classification and visualization.
jettbrains / L W3C Strategic Highlights September 2019 This report was prepared for the September 2019 W3C Advisory Committee Meeting (W3C Member link). See the accompanying W3C Fact Sheet — September 2019. For the previous edition, see the April 2019 W3C Strategic Highlights. For future editions of this report, please consult the latest version. A Chinese translation is available. ☰ Contents Introduction Future Web Standards Meeting Industry Needs Web Payments Digital Publishing Media and Entertainment Web & Telecommunications Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) Web & Networks Automotive Web of Things Strengthening the Core of the Web HTML CSS Fonts SVG Audio Performance Web Performance WebAssembly Testing Browser Testing and Tools WebPlatform Tests Web of Data Web for All Security, Privacy, Identity Internationalization (i18n) Web Accessibility Outreach to the world W3C Developer Relations W3C Training Translations W3C Liaisons Introduction This report highlights recent work of enhancement of the existing landscape of the Web platform and innovation for the growth and strength of the Web. 33 working groups and a dozen interest groups enable W3C to pursue its mission through the creation of Web standards, guidelines, and supporting materials. We track the tremendous work done across the Consortium through homogeneous work-spaces in Github which enables better monitoring and management. We are in the middle of a period where we are chartering numerous working groups which demonstrate the rapid degree of change for the Web platform: After 4 years, we are nearly ready to publish a Payment Request API Proposed Recommendation and we need to soon charter follow-on work. In the last year we chartered the Web Payment Security Interest Group. In the last year we chartered the Web Media Working Group with 7 specifications for next generation Media support on the Web. We have Accessibility Guidelines under W3C Member review which includes Silver, a new approach. We have just launched the Decentralized Identifier Working Group which has tremendous potential because Decentralized Identifier (DID) is an identifier that is globally unique, resolveable with high availability, and cryptographically verifiable. We have Privacy IG (PING) under W3C Member review which strengthens our focus on the tradeoff between privacy and function. We have a new CSS charter under W3C Member review which maps the group's work for the next three years. In this period, W3C and the WHATWG have succesfully completed the negotiation of a Memorandum of Understanding rooted in the mutual belief that that having two distinct specifications claiming to be normative is generally harmful for the Web community. The MOU, signed last May, describes how the two organizations are to collaborate on the development of a single authoritative version of the HTML and DOM specifications. W3C subsequently rechartered the HTML Working Group to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions for the HTML and DOM specifications, and for the production of W3C Recommendations from WHATWG Review Drafts. As the Web evolves continuously, some groups are looking for ways for specifications to do so as well. So-called "evergreen recommendations" or "living standards" aim to track continuous development (and maintenance) of features, on a feature-by-feature basis, while getting review and patent commitments. We see the maturation and further development of an incredible number of new technologies coming to the Web. Continued progress in many areas demonstrates the vitality of the W3C and the Web community, as the rest of the report illustrates. Future Web Standards W3C has a variety of mechanisms for listening to what the community thinks could become good future Web standards. These include discussions with the Membership, discussions with other standards bodies, the activities of thousands of participants in over 300 community groups, and W3C Workshops. There are lots of good ideas. The W3C strategy team has been identifying promising topics and invites public participation. Future, recent and under consideration Workshops include: Inclusive XR (5-6 November 2019, Seattle, WA, USA) to explore existing and future approaches on making Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences more inclusive, including to people with disabilities; W3C Workshop on Data Models for Transportation (12-13 September 2019, Palo Alto, CA, USA) W3C Workshop on Web Games (27-28 June 2019, Redmond, WA, USA), view report Second W3C Workshop on the Web of Things (3-5 June 2019, Munich, Germany) W3C Workshop on Web Standardization for Graph Data; Creating Bridges: RDF, Property Graph and SQL (4-6 March 2019, Berlin, Germany), view report Web & Machine Learning. The Strategy Funnel documents the staff's exploration of potential new work at various phases: Exploration and Investigation, Incubation and Evaluation, and eventually to the chartering of a new standards group. The Funnel view is a GitHub Project where new area are issues represented by “cards” which move through the columns, usually from left to right. Most cards start in Exploration and move towards Chartering, or move out of the funnel. Public input is welcome at any stage but particularly once Incubation has begun. This helps W3C identify work that is sufficiently incubated to warrant standardization, to review the ecosystem around the work and indicate interest in participating in its standardization, and then to draft a charter that reflects an appropriate scope. Ongoing feedback can speed up the overall standardization process. Since the previous highlights document, W3C has chartered a number of groups, and started discussion on many more: Newly Chartered or Rechartered Web Application Security WG (03-Apr) Web Payment Security IG (17-Apr) Patent and Standards IG (24-Apr) Web Applications WG (14-May) Web & Networks IG (16-May) Media WG (23-May) Media and Entertainment IG (06-Jun) HTML WG (06-Jun) Decentralized Identifier WG (05-Sep) Extended Privacy IG (PING) (30-Sep) Verifiable Claims WG (30-Sep) Service Workers WG (31-Dec) Dataset Exchange WG (31-Dec) Web of Things Working Group (31-Dec) Web Audio Working Group (31-Dec) Proposed charters / Advance Notice Accessibility Guidelines WG Privacy IG (PING) RDF Literal Direction WG Timed Text WG CSS WG Web Authentication WG Closed Internationalization Tag Set IG Meeting Industry Needs Web Payments All Web Payments specifications W3C's payments standards enable a streamlined checkout experience, enabling a consistent user experience across the Web with lower front end development costs for merchants. Users can store and reuse information and more quickly and accurately complete online transactions. The Web Payments Working Group has republished Payment Request API as a Candidate Recommendation, aiming to publish a Proposed Recommendation in the Fall 2019, and is discussing use cases and features for Payment Request after publication of the 1.0 Recommendation. Browser vendors have been finalizing implementation of features added in the past year (view the implementation report). As work continues on the Payment Handler API and its implementation (currently in Chrome and Edge Canary), one focus in 2019 is to increase adoption in other browsers. Recently, Mastercard demonstrated the use of Payment Request API to carry out EMVCo's Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) protocol whose payment method definition is being developed with active participation by Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover. Payment method availability is a key factor in merchant considerations about adopting Payment Request API. The ability to get uniform adoption of a new payment method such as Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) also depends on the availability of the Payment Handler API in browsers, or of proprietary alternatives. Web Monetization, which the Web Payments Working Group will discuss again at its face-to-face meeting in September, can be used to enable micropayments as an alternative revenue stream to advertising. Since the beginning of 2019, Amazon, Brave Software, JCB, Certus Cybersecurity Solutions and Netflix have joined the Web Payments Working Group. In April, W3C launched the Web Payment Security Group to enable W3C, EMVCo, and the FIDO Alliance to collaborate on a vision for Web payment security and interoperability. Participants will define areas of collaboration and identify gaps between existing technical specifications in order to increase compatibility among different technologies, such as: How do SRC, FIDO, and Payment Request relate? The Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) regulations in Europe are scheduled to take effect in September 2019. What is the role of EMVCo, W3C, and FIDO technologies, and what is the current state of readiness for the deadline? How can we improve privacy on the Web at the same time as we meet industry requirements regarding user identity? Digital Publishing All Digital Publishing specifications, Publication milestones The Web is the universal publishing platform. Publishing is increasingly impacted by the Web, and the Web increasingly impacts Publishing. Topic of particular interest to Publishing@W3C include typography and layout, accessibility, usability, portability, distribution, archiving, offline access, print on demand, and reliable cross referencing. And the diverse publishing community represented in the groups consist of the traditional "trade" publishers, ebook reading system manufacturers, but also publishers of audio book, scholarly journals or educational materials, library scientists or browser developers. The Publishing Working Group currently concentrates on Audiobooks which lack a comprehensive standard, thus incurring extra costs and time to publish in this booming market. Active development is ongoing on the future standard: Publication Manifest Audiobook profile for Web Publications Lightweight Packaging Format The BD Comics Manga Community Group, the Synchronized Multimedia for Publications Community Group, the Publishing Community Group and a future group on archival, are companions to the working group where specific work is developed and incubated. The Publishing Community Group is a recently launched incubation channel for Publishing@W3C. The goal of the group is to propose, document, and prototype features broadly related to: publications on the Web reading modes and systems and the user experience of publications The EPUB 3 Community Group has successfully completed the revision of EPUB 3.2. The Publishing Business Group fosters ongoing participation by members of the publishing industry and the overall ecosystem in the development of Web infrastructure to better support the needs of the industry. The Business Group serves as an additional conduit to the Publishing Working Group and several Community Groups for feedback between the publishing ecosystem and W3C. The Publishing BG has played a vital role in fostering and advancing the adoption and continued development of EPUB 3. In particular the BG provided critical support to the update of EPUBCheck to validate EPUB content to the new EPUB 3.2 specification. This resulted in the development, in conjunction with the EPUB3 Community Group, of a new generation of EPUBCheck, i.e., EPUBCheck 4.2 production-ready release. Media and Entertainment All Media specifications The Media and Entertainment vertical tracks media-related topics and features that create immersive experiences for end users. HTML5 brought standard audio and video elements to the Web. Standardization activities since then have aimed at turning the Web into a professional platform fully suitable for the delivery of media content and associated materials, enabling missing features to stream video content on the Web such as adaptive streaming and content protection. Together with Microsoft, Comcast, Netflix and Google, W3C received an Technology & Engineering Emmy Award in April 2019 for standardization of a full TV experience on the Web. Current goals are to: Reinforce core media technologies: Creation of the Media Working Group, to develop media-related specifications incubated in the WICG (e.g. Media Capabilities, Picture-in-picture, Media Session) and maintain maintain/evolve Media Source Extensions (MSE) and Encrypted Media Extensions (EME). Improve support for Media Timed Events: data cues incubation. Enhance color support (HDR, wide gamut), in scope of the CSS WG and in the Color on the Web CG. Reduce fragmentation: Continue annual releases of a common and testable baseline media devices, in scope of the Web Media APIs CG and in collaboration with the CTA WAVE Project. Maintain the Road-map of Media Technologies for the Web which highlights Web technologies that can be used to build media applications and services, as well as known gaps to enable additional use cases. Create the future: Discuss perspectives for Media and Entertainment for the Web. Bring the power of GPUs to the Web (graphics, machine learning, heavy processing), under incubation in the GPU for the Web CG. Transition to a Working Group is under discussion. Determine next steps after the successful W3C Workshop on Web Games of June 2019. View the report. Timed Text The Timed Text Working Group develops and maintains formats used for the representation of text synchronized with other timed media, like audio and video, and notably works on TTML, profiles of TTML, and WebVTT. Recent progress includes: A robust WebVTT implementation report poises the specification for publication as a proposed recommendation. Discussions around re-chartering, notably to add a TTML Profile for Audio Description deliverable to the scope of the group, and clarify that rendering of captions within XR content is also in scope. Immersive Web Hardware that enables Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications are now broadly available to consumers, offering an immersive computing platform with both new opportunities and challenges. The ability to interact directly with immersive hardware is critical to ensuring that the web is well equipped to operate as a first-class citizen in this environment. The Immersive Web Working Group has been stabilizing the WebXR Device API while the companion Immersive Web Community Group incubates the next series of features identified as key for the future of the Immersive Web. W3C plans a workshop focused on the needs and benefits at the intersection of VR & Accessibility (Inclusive XR), on 5-6 November 2019 in Seattle, WA, USA, to explore existing and future approaches on making Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences more inclusive. Web & Telecommunications The Web is the Open Platform for Mobile. Telecommunication service providers and network equipment providers have long been critical actors in the deployment of Web technologies. As the Web platform matures, it brings richer and richer capabilities to extend existing services to new users and devices, and propose new and innovative services. Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) All Real-Time Communications specifications WebRTC has reshaped the whole communication landscape by making any connected device a potential communication end-point, bringing audio and video communications anywhere, on any network, vastly expanding the ability of operators to reach their customers. WebRTC serves as the corner-stone of many online communication and collaboration services. The WebRTC Working Group aims to bringing WebRTC 1.0 (and companion specification Media Capture and Streams) to Recommendation by the end of 2019. Intense efforts are focused on testing (supported by a dedicated hackathon at IETF 104) and interoperability. The group is considering pushing features that have not gotten enough traction to separate modules or to a later minor revision of the spec. Beyond WebRTC 1.0, the WebRTC Working Group will focus its efforts on WebRTC NV which the group has started documenting by identifying use cases. Web & Networks Recently launched, in the wake of the May 2018 Web5G workshop, the Web & Networks Interest Group is chaired by representatives from AT&T, China Mobile and Intel, with a goal to explore solutions for web applications to achieve better performance and resource allocation, both on the device and network. The group's first efforts are around use cases, privacy & security requirements and liaisons. Automotive All Automotive specifications To create a rich application ecosystem for vehicles and other devices allowed to connect to the vehicle, the W3C Automotive Working Group is delivering a service specification to expose all common vehicle signals (engine temperature, fuel/charge level, range, tire pressure, speed, etc.) The Vehicle Information Service Specification (VISS), which is a Candidate Recommendation, is seeing more implementations across the industry. It provides the access method to a common data model for all the vehicle signals –presently encapsulating a thousand or so different data elements– and will be growing to accommodate the advances in automotive such as autonomous and driver assist technologies and electrification. The group is already working on a successor to VISS, leveraging the underlying data model and the VIWI submission from Volkswagen, for a more robust means of accessing vehicle signals information and the same paradigm for other automotive needs including location-based services, media, notifications and caching content. The Automotive and Web Platform Business Group acts as an incubator for prospective standards work. One of its task forces is using W3C VISS in performing data sampling and off-boarding the information to the cloud. Access to the wealth of information that W3C's auto signals standard exposes is of interest to regulators, urban planners, insurance companies, auto manufacturers, fleet managers and owners, service providers and others. In addition to components needed for data sampling and edge computing, capturing user and owner consent, information collection methods and handling of data are in scope. The upcoming W3C Workshop on Data Models for Transportation (September 2019) is expected to focus on the need of additional ontologies around transportation space. Web of Things All Web of Things specifications W3C's Web of Things work is designed to bridge disparate technology stacks to allow devices to work together and achieve scale, thus enabling the potential of the Internet of Things by eliminating fragmentation and fostering interoperability. Thing descriptions expressed in JSON-LD cover the behavior, interaction affordances, data schema, security configuration, and protocol bindings. The Web of Things complements existing IoT ecosystems to reduce the cost and risk for suppliers and consumers of applications that create value by combining multiple devices and information services. There are many sectors that will benefit, e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart industry, smart agriculture, smart healthcare and many more. The Web of Things Working Group is finishing the initial Web of Things standards, with support from the Web of Things Interest Group: Web of Things Architecture Thing Descriptions Strengthening the Core of the Web HTML The HTML Working Group was chartered early June to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions for the HTML and DOM specifications, and to produce W3C Recommendations from WHATWG Review Drafts. A few days before, W3C and the WHATWG signed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining the agreement to collaborate on the development of a single version of the HTML and DOM specifications. Issues and proposed solutions for HTML and DOM done via the newly rechartered HTML Working Group in the WHATWG repositories The HTML Working Group is targetting November 2019 to bring HTML and DOM to Candidate Recommendations. CSS All CSS specifications CSS is a critical part of the Open Web Platform. The CSS Working Group gathers requirements from two large groups of CSS users: the publishing industry and application developers. Within W3C, those groups are exemplified by the Publishing groups and the Web Platform Working Group. The former requires things like better pagination support and advanced font handling, the latter needs intelligent (and fast!) scrolling and animations. What we know as CSS is actually a collection of almost a hundred specifications, referred to as ‘modules’. The current state of CSS is defined by a snapshot, updated once a year. The group also publishes an index defining every term defined by CSS specifications. Fonts All Fonts specifications The Web Fonts Working Group develops specifications that allow the interoperable deployment of downloadable fonts on the Web, with a focus on Progressive Font Enrichment as well as maintenance of WOFF Recommendations. Recent and ongoing work includes: Early API experiments by Adobe and Monotype have demonstrated the feasibility of a font enrichment API, where a server delivers a font with minimal glyph repertoire and the client can query the full repertoire and request additional subsets on-the-fly. In other experiments, the Brotli compression used in WOFF 2 was extended to support shared dictionaries and patch update. Metrics to quantify improvement are a current hot discussion topic. The group will meet at ATypi 2019 in Japan, to gather requirements from the international typography community. The group will first produce a report summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each prototype solution by Q2 2020. SVG All SVG specifications SVG is an important and widely-used part of the Open Web Platform. The SVG Working Group focuses on aligning the SVG 2.0 specification with browser implementations, having split the specification into a currently-implemented 2.0 and a forward-looking 2.1. Current activity is on stabilization, increased integration with the Open Web Platform, and test coverage analysis. The Working Group was rechartered in March 2019. A new work item concerns native (non-Web-browser) uses of SVG as a non-interactive, vector graphics format. Audio The Web Audio Working Group was extended to finish its work on the Web Audio API, expecting to publish it as a Recommendation by year end. The specification enables synthesizing audio in the browser. Audio operations are performed with audio nodes, which are linked together to form a modular audio routing graph. Multiple sources — with different types of channel layout — are supported. This modular design provides the flexibility to create complex audio functions with dynamic effects. The first version of Web Audio API is now feature complete and is implemented in all modern browsers. Work has started on the next version, and new features are being incubated in the Audio Community Group. Performance Web Performance All Web Performance specifications There are currently 18 specifications in development in the Web Performance Working Group aiming to provide methods to observe and improve aspects of application performance of user agent features and APIs. The W3C team is looking at related work incubated in the W3C GPU for the Web (WebGPU) Community Group which is poised to transition to a W3C Working Group. A preliminary draft charter is available. WebAssembly All WebAssembly specifications WebAssembly improves Web performance and power by being a virtual machine and execution environment enabling loaded pages to run native (compiled) code. It is deployed in Firefox, Edge, Safari and Chrome. The specification will soon reach Candidate Recommendation. WebAssembly enables near-native performance, optimized load time, and perhaps most importantly, a compilation target for existing code bases. While it has a small number of native types, much of the performance increase relative to Javascript derives from its use of consistent typing. WebAssembly leverages decades of optimization for compiled languages and the byte code is optimized for compactness and streaming (the web page starts executing while the rest of the code downloads). Network and API access all occurs through accompanying Javascript libraries -- the security model is identical to that of Javascript. Requirements gathering and language development occur in the Community Group while the Working Group manages test development, community review and progression of specifications on the Recommendation Track. Testing Browser testing plays a critical role in the growth of the Web by: Improving the reliability of Web technology definitions; Improving the quality of implementations of these technologies by helping vendors to detect bugs in their products; Improving the data available to Web developers on known bugs and deficiencies of Web technologies by publishing results of these tests. Browser Testing and Tools The Browser Testing and Tools Working Group is developing WebDriver version 2, having published last year the W3C Recommendation of WebDriver. WebDriver acts as a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents, provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of Web, and emulates the actions of a real person using the browser. WebPlatform Tests The WebPlatform Tests project now provides a mechanism which allows to fully automate tests that previously needed to be run manually: TestDriver. TestDriver enables sending trusted key and mouse events, sending complex series of trusted pointer and key interactions for things like in-content drag-and-drop or pinch zoom, and even file upload. Since 2014 W3C began work on this coordinated open-source effort to build a cross-browser test suite for the Web Platform, which WHATWG, and all major browsers adopted. Web of Data All Data specifications There have been several great success stories around the standardization of data on the web over the past year. Verifiable Claims seems to have significant uptake. It is also significant that the Distributed Identifier WG charter has received numerous favorable reviews, and was just recently launched. JSON-LD has been a major success with the large deployment on Web sites via schema.org. JSON-LD 1.1 completed technical work, about to transition to CR More than 25% of websites today include schema.org data in JSON-LD The Web of Things description is in CR since May, making use of JSON-LD Verifiable Credentials data model is in CR since July, also making use of JSON-LD Continued strong interest in decentralized identifiers Engagement from the TAG with reframing core documents, such as Ethical Web Principles, to include data on the web within their scope Data is increasingly important for all organizations, especially with the rise of IoT and Big Data. W3C has a mature and extensive suite of standards relating to data that were developed over two decades of experience, with plans for further work on making it easier for developers to work with graph data and knowledge graphs. Linked Data is about the use of URIs as names for things, the ability to dereference these URIs to get further information and to include links to other data. There are ever-increasing sources of open Linked Data on the Web, as well as data services that are restricted to the suppliers and consumers of those services. The digital transformation of industry is seeking to exploit advanced digital technologies. This will facilitate businesses to integrate horizontally along the supply and value chains, and vertically from the factory floor to the office floor. W3C is seeking to make it easier to support enterprise-wide data management and governance, reflecting the strategic importance of data to modern businesses. Traditional approaches to data have focused on tabular databases (SQL/RDBMS), Comma Separated Value (CSV) files, and data embedded in PDF documents and spreadsheets. We're now in midst of a major shift to graph data with nodes and labeled directed links between them. Graph data is: Faster than using SQL and associated JOIN operations More favorable to integrating data from heterogeneous sources Better suited to situations where the data model is evolving In the wake of the recent W3C Workshop on Graph Data we are in the process of launching a Graph Standardization Business Group to provide a business perspective with use cases and requirements, to coordinate technical standards work and liaisons with external organizations. Web for All Security, Privacy, Identity All Security specifications, all Privacy specifications Authentication on the Web As the WebAuthn Level 1 W3C Recommendation published last March is seeing wide implementation and adoption of strong cryptographic authentication, work is proceeding on Level 2. The open standard Web API gives native authentication technology built into native platforms, browsers, operating systems (including mobile) and hardware, offering protection against hacking, credential theft, phishing attacks, thus aiming to end the era of passwords as a security construct. You may read more in our March press release. Privacy An increasing number of W3C specifications are benefitting from Privacy and Security review; there are security and privacy aspects to every specification. Early review is essential. Working with the TAG, the Privacy Interest Group has updated the Self-Review Questionnaire: Security and Privacy. Other recent work of the group includes public blogging further to the exploration of anti-patterns in standards and permission prompts. Security The Web Application Security Working Group adopted Feature Policy, aiming to allow developers to selectively enable, disable, or modify the behavior of some of these browser features and APIs within their application; and Fetch Metadata, aiming to provide servers with enough information to make a priori decisions about whether or not to service a request based on the way it was made, and the context in which it will be used. The Web Payment Security Interest Group, launched last April, convenes members from W3C, EMVCo, and the FIDO Alliance to discuss cooperative work to enhance the security and interoperability of Web payments (read more about payments). Internationalization (i18n) All Internationalization specifications, educational articles related to Internationalization, spec developers checklist Only a quarter or so current Web users use English online and that proportion will continue to decrease as the Web reaches more and more communities of limited English proficiency. If the Web is to live up to the "World Wide" portion of its name, and for the Web to truly work for stakeholders all around the world engaging with content in various languages, it must support the needs of worldwide users as they engage with content in the various languages. The growth of epublishing also brings requirements for new features and improved typography on the Web. It is important to ensure the needs of local communities are captured. The W3C Internationalization Initiative was set up to increase in-house resources dedicated to accelerating progress in making the World Wide Web "worldwide" by gathering user requirements, supporting developers, and education & outreach. For an overview of current projects see the i18n radar. W3C's Internationalization efforts progressed on a number of fronts recently: Requirements: New African and European language groups will work on the gap analysis, errata and layout requirements. Gap analysis: Japanese, Devanagari, Bengali, Tamil, Lao, Khmer, Javanese, and Ethiopic updated in the gap-analysis documents. Layout requirements document: notable progress tracked in the Southeast Asian Task Force while work continues on Chinese layout requirements. Developer support: Spec reviews: the i18n WG continues active review of specifications of the WHATWG and other W3C Working Groups. Short review checklist: easy way to begin a self-review to help spec developers understand what aspects of their spec are likely to need attention for internationalization, and points them to more detailed checklists for the relevant topics. It also helps those reviewing specs for i18n issues. Strings on the Web: Language and Direction Metadata lays out issues and discusses potential solutions for passing information about language and direction with strings in JSON or other data formats. The document was rewritten for clarity, and expanded. The group is collaborating with the JSON-LD and Web Publishing groups to develop a plan for updating RDF, JSON-LD and related specifications to handle metadata for base direction of text (bidi). User-friendly test format: a new format was developed for Internationalization Test Suite tests, which displays helpful information about how the test works. This particularly useful because those tests are pointed to by educational materials and gap-analysis documents. Web Platform Tests: a large number of tests in the i18n test suite have been ported to the WPT repository, including: css-counter-styles, css-ruby, css-syntax, css-test, css-text-decor, css-writing-modes, and css-pseudo. Education & outreach: (for all educational materials, see the HTML & CSS Authoring Techniques) Web Accessibility All Accessibility specifications, WAI resources The Web Accessibility Initiative supports W3C's Web for All mission. Recent achievements include: Education and training: Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA updated to bring our analysis and recommendations up to date with CAPTCHA practice today, concluding two years of extensive work and invaluable input from the public (read more on the W3C Blog Learn why your web content and applications should be accessible. The Education and Outreach Working Group has completed revision and updating of the Business Case for Digital Accessibility. Accessibility guidelines: The Accessibility Guidelines Working Group has continued to update WCAG Techniques and Understanding WCAG 2.1; and published a Candidate Recommendation of Accessibility Conformance Testing Rules Format 1.0 to improve inter-rater reliability when evaluating conformance of web content to WCAG An updated charter is being developed to host work on "Silver", the next generation accessibility guidelines (WCAG 2.2) There are accessibility aspects to most specifications. Check your work with the FAST checklist. Outreach to the world W3C Developer Relations To foster the excellent feedback loop between Web Standards development and Web developers, and to grow participation from that diverse community, recent W3C Developer Relations activities include: @w3cdevs tracks the enormous amount of work happening across W3C W3C Track during the Web Conference 2019 in San Francisco Tech videos: W3C published the 2019 Web Games Workshop videos The 16 September 2019 Developer Meetup in Fukuoka, Japan, is open to all and will combine a set of technical demos prepared by W3C groups, and a series of talks on a selected set of W3C technologies and projects W3C is involved with Mozilla, Google, Samsung, Microsoft and Bocoup in the organization of ViewSource 2019 in Amsterdam (read more on the W3C Blog) W3C Training In partnership with EdX, W3C's MOOC training program, W3Cx offers a complete "Front-End Web Developer" (FEWD) professional certificate program that consists of a suite of five courses on the foundational languages that power the Web: HTML5, CSS and JavaScript. We count nearly 900K students from all over the world. Translations Many Web users rely on translations of documents developed at W3C whose official language is English. W3C is extremely grateful to the continuous efforts of its community in ensuring our various deliverables in general, and in our specifications in particular, are made available in other languages, for free, ensuring their exposure to a much more diverse set of readers. Last Spring we developed a more robust system, a new listing of translations of W3C specifications and updated the instructions on how to contribute to our translation efforts. W3C Liaisons Liaisons and coordination with numerous organizations and Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) is crucial for W3C to: make sure standards are interoperable coordinate our respective agenda in Internet governance: W3C participates in ICANN, GIPO, IGF, the I* organizations (ICANN, IETF, ISOC, IAB). ensure at the government liaison level that our standards work is officially recognized when important to our membership so that products based on them (often done by our members) are part of procurement orders. W3C has ARO/PAS status with ISO. W3C participates in the EU MSP and Rolling Plan on Standardization ensure the global set of Web and Internet standards form a compatible stack of technologies, at the technical and policy level (patent regime, fragmentation, use in policy making) promote Standards adoption equally by the industry, the public sector, and the public at large Coralie Mercier, Editor, W3C Marketing & Communications $Id: Overview.html,v 1.60 2019/10/15 12:05:52 coralie Exp $ Copyright © 2019 W3C ® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang) Usage policies apply.
keijiro / NoiseBall6Unity sample project: Direct mesh data access from compute shaders
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http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6185755/TutsPlus---The-MVC-Mindser-Jeffery-Way---ICARUS.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/5024493/TutsPlus---Venture-Into-Vim.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6286416/Tutsplus---Vim-for-Advanced-Users.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/6585031/Tutsplus---WordPress-Hackers-Guide-to-the-Galaxy.html http://www.seedpeer.me/details/4848477/TutsPlus---Writing-Modular-JavaScript.html @giansalex Owner Author giansalex commented on 26 Feb 2018 • SOLID http://www.allitebooks.com/beginning-solid-principles-and-design-patterns-for-asp-net-developers/ @giansalex Owner Author giansalex commented on 7 Mar 2018 Udemy: AWS Arquitecto de Soluciones Certificado Asociado https://mega.co.nz/#!ZzhGWSAL!wuthFca0SdJBjmaP5lFX0QF6PeMsrdclKFXlZL1Rsi4 Pass: gratismas.org @giansalex Owner Author giansalex commented on 7 Mar 2018 Go lang Complete https://www.freetutorials.us/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/FreeTutorials.Us-Udemy-go-the-complete-developers-guide.torrent @GCPBigData GCPBigData commented on 15 Jul 2018 go books https://drive.google.com/open?id=1d6OsFAn8kpHCXtw0bcoYuyHqrAdGZva0 @freisrael freisrael commented on 14 Aug 2018 giansalex thanks for sharing. I am looking for learning phython with Joe Marini. It would be great if you post it. @FirstBoy1 FirstBoy1 commented on 25 May 2019 Can anyone provide this book "Getting started with Spring Framework: covers Spring 5" by " J Sharma (Author), Ashish Sarin ". Thanks in advance @okreka okreka commented on 31 May 2019 Can anyone provide "Windows Presentation Foundation Masterclass" course from Udemy. Thanks in advance @singhaltanvi singhaltanvi commented on 8 Aug 2019 can anyone provide 'sedimentology and petroleum geology' course from Udemy. Thanks in advance. @kumarsreenivas051 kumarsreenivas051 commented on 9 Sep 2019 Can anyone provide "Programming languages A,B and C" course from Coursera. Thanks in advance. @BrunoMoreno BrunoMoreno commented on 11 Sep 2019 The link for the torrents in piratebay, now is .org to the correct url. @sany2k8 sany2k8 commented on 24 Sep 2019 Can anyone add this The Complete Hands-On Course to Master Apache Airflow @pharaoh1 pharaoh1 commented on 30 Sep 2019 can you pls add this course to your list https://www.udemy.com/course/advanced-python3/ @SushantDhote936 SushantDhote936 commented on 1 Oct 2019 Can you add Plural Sight CISSP @allayGerald allayGerald commented on 1 Oct 2019 open directive for lynda courses: https://drive.google.com/drive/folders/1zQan1cq1ZnqXmueRF5IqKoOtpFxl6Y4G @ezekielskottarathil ezekielskottarathil commented on 3 Oct 2019 can anyone provide 'sedimentology and petroleum geology' course from Udemy. Thanks in advance. "wrong place boy" @pulkitd2699 pulkitd2699 commented on 8 Oct 2019 Does anyone has a link for 'Cyber security: Python and web applications' course? Thanks @mohanrajrc mohanrajrc commented on 19 Oct 2019 • Can anyone provide torrent file for Mastering React By Mosh Hamedani. Thanks https://codewithmosh.com/p/mastering-react @evilprince2009 evilprince2009 commented on 27 Oct 2019 Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 @nunusandio nunusandio commented on 30 Oct 2019 Can anyone post torrent file for ASP.NET Authentication: The Big Picture https://app.pluralsight.com/library/courses/aspdotnet-authentication-big-picture/table-of-contents @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 9 Dec 2019 Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? @Genius-K-SL Genius-K-SL commented on 14 Dec 2019 hay brother! do you have html5 game development with javascript course ? @Genius-K-SL Genius-K-SL commented on 14 Dec 2019 This link is not working brother! http://www.seedpeer.me/details/4657790/Lynda.com-Building-Facebook-Applications-with-HTML-and-JavaScript.html @smithtuka smithtuka commented on 20 Dec 2019 Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? @AbdOoSaed AbdOoSaed commented on 22 Dec 2019 Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 23 Dec 2019 • Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj @jedi2610 jedi2610 commented on 27 Dec 2019 Can anyone provide me with Code with Mosh's Ultimate Java Mastery Series link? plis @InnocentZaib InnocentZaib commented on 31 Dec 2019 Please provide the link of codewithmosh The ultimate data structures and algorithms Bundle the link is given below. Please give me the torrnet file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms @edward-teixeira edward-teixeira commented on 1 Jan 2020 Please provide the link of codewithmosh The ultimate data structures and algorithms Bundle the link is given below. Please give me the torrnet file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms Yea i'm looking for it too @kaneyxx kaneyxx commented on 1 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj could you please share the part-1 & part-3? @edward-teixeira edward-teixeira commented on 2 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj Can you share part 1 and 3? @ravisharmaa ravisharmaa commented on 7 Jan Please add this . https://www.letsbuildthatapp.com/course/AppStore-JSON-APIs @WaleedAlrashed WaleedAlrashed commented on 13 Jan This one kindly. https://www.udemy.com/course/flutter-build-a-complex-android-and-ios-apps-using-firestore/ @Sopheakmorm Sopheakmorm commented on 19 Jan Anyone have this course: https://www.udemy.com/course/mcsa-web-application-practice-test70-480-70-483-70-486 @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 19 Jan Anyone have this course: https://www.udemy.com/course/mcsa-web-application-practice-test70-480-70-483-70-486 +1 @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 20 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj Can you share part 1 and 3? https://vminhsang.name.vn/category/it-courses/codewithmosh/ this link includes almost all mosh courses @mohanrajrc mohanrajrc commented on 22 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj Can you share part 1 and 3? https://vminhsang.name.vn/category/it-courses/codewithmosh/ this link includes almost all mosh courses Yes. Java mastery and Data Structures 1, 2, 3 are available in this site. free download. @shihab122 shihab122 commented on 22 Jan Please give me the torrnet file or link to download The Ultimate Design Patterns @EslamElmadny EslamElmadny commented on 22 Jan • Please give me the torrnet file or link to download The Ultimate Design Patterns Waiting for it also :D @K-wachira K-wachira commented on 23 Jan Can you please add these two below ? https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-java-mastery-series https://codewithmosh.com/p/data-structures-algorithms-part-2 any luck ? Has this come through by any chances? fff data-structures-algorithms-part-2 https://drive.google.com/open?id=1oYYdPp4MVVk7ZzZL6rLepFe33IjXtkqj Can you share part 1 and 3? https://vminhsang.name.vn/category/it-courses/codewithmosh/ this link includes almost all mosh courses Yes. Java mastery and Data Structures 1, 2, 3 are available in this site. free download. You are a saviour .. Altho i feel bad i cant really buy the course... its really good @msdyn95 msdyn95 commented 25 days ago • Please give me the torrent file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/design-patterns https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-1/ https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-2/ @K-wachira K-wachira commented 23 days ago This one kindly. https://www.udemy.com/course/flutter-build-a-complex-android-and-ios-apps-using-firestore/ Hey did you find this one? @edward-teixeira edward-teixeira commented 22 days ago Please give me the torrent file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/design-patterns https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-1/ https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-2/ Did you find those? @msdyn95 msdyn95 commented 21 days ago Please give me the torrent file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/design-patterns https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-1/ https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-2/ Did you find those? unfortunately not. @edward-teixeira edward-teixeira commented 20 days ago Please give me the torrent file or link to download https://codewithmosh.com/p/design-patterns https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-1/ https://coursedownloader.net/code-with-mosh-the-ultimate-design-patterns-part-2/ Did you find those? unfortunately not. Found it ! https://vminhsang.name.vn/category/it-courses/codewithmosh/ @ZainA14 ZainA14 commented 16 days ago • Can someone please link me to this mosh course for torrent or direct download link https://codewithmosh.com/p/the-ultimate-full-stack-net-developer-bundle @khushiigupta khushiigupta commented 9 days ago Can any one please provide me link for jenkins so that I can learn as al as possible to join this conversation on GitHub. Already have an account? Sign in to comment © 2020 GitHub, Inc. Terms Privacy Security Status Help Contact GitHub Pricing API Training Blog About
Aryia-Behroziuan / NeuronsAn ANN is a model based on a collection of connected units or nodes called "artificial neurons", which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit information, a "signal", from one artificial neuron to another. An artificial neuron that receives a signal can process it and then signal additional artificial neurons connected to it. In common ANN implementations, the signal at a connection between artificial neurons is a real number, and the output of each artificial neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections between artificial neurons are called "edges". Artificial neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Artificial neurons may have a threshold such that the signal is only sent if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold. Typically, artificial neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different kinds of transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times. The original goal of the ANN approach was to solve problems in the same way that a human brain would. However, over time, attention moved to performing specific tasks, leading to deviations from biology. Artificial neural networks have been used on a variety of tasks, including computer vision, speech recognition, machine translation, social network filtering, playing board and video games and medical diagnosis. Deep learning consists of multiple hidden layers in an artificial neural network. This approach tries to model the way the human brain processes light and sound into vision and hearing. Some successful applications of deep learning are computer vision and speech recognition.[68] Decision trees Main article: Decision tree learning Decision tree learning uses a decision tree as a predictive model to go from observations about an item (represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item's target value (represented in the leaves). It is one of the predictive modeling approaches used in statistics, data mining, and machine learning. Tree models where the target variable can take a discrete set of values are called classification trees; in these tree structures, leaves represent class labels and branches represent conjunctions of features that lead to those class labels. Decision trees where the target variable can take continuous values (typically real numbers) are called regression trees. In decision analysis, a decision tree can be used to visually and explicitly represent decisions and decision making. In data mining, a decision tree describes data, but the resulting classification tree can be an input for decision making. Support vector machines Main article: Support vector machines Support vector machines (SVMs), also known as support vector networks, are a set of related supervised learning methods used for classification and regression. Given a set of training examples, each marked as belonging to one of two categories, an SVM training algorithm builds a model that predicts whether a new example falls into one category or the other.[69] An SVM training algorithm is a non-probabilistic, binary, linear classifier, although methods such as Platt scaling exist to use SVM in a probabilistic classification setting. In addition to performing linear classification, SVMs can efficiently perform a non-linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces. Illustration of linear regression on a data set. Regression analysis Main article: Regression analysis Regression analysis encompasses a large variety of statistical methods to estimate the relationship between input variables and their associated features. Its most common form is linear regression, where a single line is drawn to best fit the given data according to a mathematical criterion such as ordinary least squares. The latter is often extended by regularization (mathematics) methods to mitigate overfitting and bias, as in ridge regression. When dealing with non-linear problems, go-to models include polynomial regression (for example, used for trendline fitting in Microsoft Excel[70]), logistic regression (often used in statistical classification) or even kernel regression, which introduces non-linearity by taking advantage of the kernel trick to implicitly map input variables to higher-dimensional space. Bayesian networks Main article: Bayesian network A simple Bayesian network. Rain influences whether the sprinkler is activated, and both rain and the sprinkler influence whether the grass is wet. A Bayesian network, belief network, or directed acyclic graphical model is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of random variables and their conditional independence with a directed acyclic graph (DAG). For example, a Bayesian network could represent the probabilistic relationships between diseases and symptoms. Given symptoms, the network can be used to compute the probabilities of the presence of various diseases. Efficient algorithms exist that perform inference and learning. Bayesian networks that model sequences of variables, like speech signals or protein sequences, are called dynamic Bayesian networks. Generalizations of Bayesian networks that can represent and solve decision problems under uncertainty are called influence diagrams. Genetic algorithms Main article: Genetic algorithm A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search algorithm and heuristic technique that mimics the process of natural selection, using methods such as mutation and crossover to generate new genotypes in the hope of finding good solutions to a given problem. In machine learning, genetic algorithms were used in the 1980s and 1990s.[71][72] Conversely, machine learning techniques have been used to improve the performance of genetic and evolutionary algorithms.[73] Training models Usually, machine learning models require a lot of data in order for them to perform well. Usually, when training a machine learning model, one needs to collect a large, representative sample of data from a training set. Data from the training set can be as varied as a corpus of text, a collection of images, and data collected from individual users of a service. Overfitting is something to watch out for when training a machine learning model. Federated learning Main article: Federated learning Federated learning is an adapted form of distributed artificial intelligence to training machine learning models that decentralizes the training process, allowing for users' privacy to be maintained by not needing to send their data to a centralized server. This also increases efficiency by decentralizing the training process to many devices. For example, Gboard uses federated machine learning to train search query prediction models on users' mobile phones without having to send individual searches back to Google.[74] Applications There are many applications for machine learning, including: Agriculture Anatomy Adaptive websites Affective computing Banking Bioinformatics Brain–machine interfaces Cheminformatics Citizen science Computer networks Computer vision Credit-card fraud detection Data quality DNA sequence classification Economics Financial market analysis[75] General game playing Handwriting recognition Information retrieval Insurance Internet fraud detection Linguistics Machine learning control Machine perception Machine translation Marketing Medical diagnosis Natural language processing Natural language understanding Online advertising Optimization Recommender systems Robot locomotion Search engines Sentiment analysis Sequence mining Software engineering Speech recognition Structural health monitoring Syntactic pattern recognition Telecommunication Theorem proving Time series forecasting User behavior analytics In 2006, the media-services provider Netflix held the first "Netflix Prize" competition to find a program to better predict user preferences and improve the accuracy of its existing Cinematch movie recommendation algorithm by at least 10%. A joint team made up of researchers from AT&T Labs-Research in collaboration with the teams Big Chaos and Pragmatic Theory built an ensemble model to win the Grand Prize in 2009 for $1 million.[76] Shortly after the prize was awarded, Netflix realized that viewers' ratings were not the best indicators of their viewing patterns ("everything is a recommendation") and they changed their recommendation engine accordingly.[77] In 2010 The Wall Street Journal wrote about the firm Rebellion Research and their use of machine learning to predict the financial crisis.[78] In 2012, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, Vinod Khosla, predicted that 80% of medical doctors' jobs would be lost in the next two decades to automated machine learning medical diagnostic software.[79] In 2014, it was reported that a machine learning algorithm had been applied in the field of art history to study fine art paintings and that it may have revealed previously unrecognized influences among artists.[80] In 2019 Springer Nature published the first research book created using machine learning.[81] Limitations Although machine learning has been transformative in some fields, machine-learning programs often fail to deliver expected results.[82][83][84] Reasons for this are numerous: lack of (suitable) data, lack of access to the data, data bias, privacy problems, badly chosen tasks and algorithms, wrong tools and people, lack of resources, and evaluation problems.[85] In 2018, a self-driving car from Uber failed to detect a pedestrian, who was killed after a collision.[86] Attempts to use machine learning in healthcare with the IBM Watson system failed to deliver even after years of time and billions of dollars invested.[87][88] Bias Main article: Algorithmic bias Machine learning approaches in particular can suffer from different data biases. A machine learning system trained on current customers only may not be able to predict the needs of new customer groups that are not represented in the training data. When trained on man-made data, machine learning is likely to pick up the same constitutional and unconscious biases already present in society.[89] Language models learned from data have been shown to contain human-like biases.[90][91] Machine learning systems used for criminal risk assessment have been found to be biased against black people.[92][93] In 2015, Google photos would often tag black people as gorillas,[94] and in 2018 this still was not well resolved, but Google reportedly was still using the workaround to remove all gorillas from the training data, and thus was not able to recognize real gorillas at all.[95] Similar issues with recognizing non-white people have been found in many other systems.[96] In 2016, Microsoft tested a chatbot that learned from Twitter, and it quickly picked up racist and sexist language.[97] Because of such challenges, the effective use of machine learning may take longer to be adopted in other domains.[98] Concern for fairness in machine learning, that is, reducing bias in machine learning and propelling its use for human good is increasingly expressed by artificial intelligence scientists, including Fei-Fei Li, who reminds engineers that "There’s nothing artificial about AI...It’s inspired by people, it’s created by people, and—most importantly—it impacts people. It is a powerful tool we are only just beginning to understand, and that is a profound responsibility.”[99] Model assessments Classification of machine learning models can be validated by accuracy estimation techniques like the holdout method, which splits the data in a training and test set (conventionally 2/3 training set and 1/3 test set designation) and evaluates the performance of the training model on the test set. In comparison, the K-fold-cross-validation method randomly partitions the data into K subsets and then K experiments are performed each respectively considering 1 subset for evaluation and the remaining K-1 subsets for training the model. In addition to the holdout and cross-validation methods, bootstrap, which samples n instances with replacement from the dataset, can be used to assess model accuracy.[100] In addition to overall accuracy, investigators frequently report sensitivity and specificity meaning True Positive Rate (TPR) and True Negative Rate (TNR) respectively. Similarly, investigators sometimes report the false positive rate (FPR) as well as the false negative rate (FNR). However, these rates are ratios that fail to reveal their numerators and denominators. The total operating characteristic (TOC) is an effective method to express a model's diagnostic ability. TOC shows the numerators and denominators of the previously mentioned rates, thus TOC provides more information than the commonly used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and ROC's associated area under the curve (AUC).[101] Ethics Machine learning poses a host of ethical questions. Systems which are trained on datasets collected with biases may exhibit these biases upon use (algorithmic bias), thus digitizing cultural prejudices.[102] For example, using job hiring data from a firm with racist hiring policies may lead to a machine learning system duplicating the bias by scoring job applicants against similarity to previous successful applicants.[103][104] Responsible collection of data and documentation of algorithmic rules used by a system thus is a critical part of machine learning. Because human languages contain biases, machines trained on language corpora will necessarily also learn these biases.[105][106] Other forms of ethical challenges, not related to personal biases, are more seen in health care. There are concerns among health care professionals that these systems might not be designed in the public's interest but as income-generating machines. This is especially true in the United States where there is a long-standing ethical dilemma of improving health care, but also increasing profits. For example, the algorithms could be designed to provide patients with unnecessary tests or medication in which the algorithm's proprietary owners hold stakes. There is huge potential for machine learning in health care to provide professionals a great tool to diagnose, medicate, and even plan recovery paths for patients, but this will not happen until the personal biases mentioned previously, and these "greed" biases are addressed.[107] Hardware Since the 2010s, advances in both machine learning algorithms and computer hardware have led to more efficient methods for training deep neural networks (a particular narrow subdomain of machine learning) that contain many layers of non-linear hidden units.[108] By 2019, graphic processing units (GPUs), often with AI-specific enhancements, had displaced CPUs as the dominant method of training large-scale commercial cloud AI.[109] OpenAI estimated the hardware compute used in the largest deep learning projects from AlexNet (2012) to AlphaZero (2017), and found a 300,000-fold increase in the amount of compute required, with a doubling-time trendline of 3.4 months.[110][111] Software Software suites containing a variety of machine learning algorithms include the following: Free and open-source so
ChristianSteger / HORAYZONPackage to efficiently compute terrain parameters (like horizon, sky view factor, topographic openness, slope angle/aspect) from high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data. The package also allows to compute shadow maps and correction factors for downwelling direct shortwave radiation for specific sun positions.
ShelvanLee / XFEM# XFEM_Fracture2D ### Description This is a Matlab program that can be used to solve fracture problems involving arbitrary multiple crack propagations in a 2D linear-elastic solid based on the principle of minimum potential energy. The extended finite element method is used to discretise the solid continuum considering cracks as discontinuities in the displacement field. To this end, a strong discontinuity enrichment and a square-root singular crack tip enrichment are used to describe each crack. Several crack growth criteria are available to determine the evolution of cracks over time; apart from the classic maximum tension (or hoop-stress) criterion, the minimum total energy criterion and the local symmetry criterion are implemented implicitly with respect to the discrete time-stepping. ### Key features * *Fast:* The stiffness matrix and the force vector (i.e. the equations' system) and the enrichment tracking data structures are updated at each time step only with respect to the changes in the fracture topology. This ultimately results in the major part of the computational expense in the solution to the linear system of equations rather than in the post-processing of the solution or in the assembly and updating of the equations. As Matlab offers fast and robust direct solvers, the computational times are reasonably fast. * *Robust.* Suitable for multiple crack propagations with intersections. Furthermore, the stress intensity factors are computed robustly via the interaction integral approach (with the inclusion of the terms to account for crack surface pressure, residual stresses or strains). The minimum total energy criterion and the principle of local symmetry are implemented implicitly in time. The energy release rates are computed based on the stiffness derivative approach using algebraic differentiation (rather than finite differencing of the potential energy). On the other hand, the crack growth direction based on the local symmetry criterion is determined such that the local mode-II stress intensity factor vanishes; the change in a crack tip kink angle is approximated using the ratio of the crack tip stress intensity factors. * *Easy to run.* Each job has its own input files which are independent form those of all other jobs. The code especially lends itself to running parametric studies. Various results can be saved relating to the fracture geometry, fracture mechanics parameters, and the elastic fields in the solid domain. Extensive visualisation library is available for plotting results. ### Instructions 1. Get started by running the demo to showcase some of the capabilities of the program and to determine if it can be useful for you. At the Matlab's command line enter: ```Matlab >> RUN_JOBS.m ``` This will execute a series of jobs located inside the *jobs directory* `./JOBS_LIBRARY/`. These jobs do not take very long to execute (around 5 minutes in total). 2. Subsequently, you can pick one of the jobs inside `./JOBS_LIBRARY/` by defining the job title: ```Matlab >> job_title = 'several_cracks/edge/vertical_tension' ``` 3. Then you can open all the relevant scripts for this job as follows: ```Matlab >> open_job ``` The following input scripts for the *job* will be open in the Matlab's editor: 1. `JOB_MAIN.m`: This is the job's main script. It is called when executing `RUN_JOB` (or `RUN_JOBS`) and acts like a wrapper. Notably, it can serve as a convenient interface to run parametric studies and to save intermediate simulation results. 2. `Input_Scope.m`: This defines the scope of the simulation. From which crack growth criteria to use, to what to compute and what results to show via plots and/or movies. To put it simply, the script is a bunch of "switches" that tell the program what the user wants to be done. 3. `Input_Material.m`: Defines the material's elastic properties in different regions or layers (called "phases") of the computational domain. Moreover, it defines the fracture toughness of the material (assumed to be constant in all material phases). 4. `Input_Crack.m`: Defines the initial crack geometry. 5. `Input_BC.m`: Defines boundary conditions, such as displacements, tractions, crack surface pressure (assumed to be constant in all cracks), body loads (e.g. gravity, pre-stress or pre-strain). 6. `Mesh_make.m`: In-house structured mesh generator for rectangular domains using either linear triangle or bilinear quadrilateral elements. It is possible to mesh horizontal layers using different mesh sizes. 7. `Mesh_read.m`: Gmsh based mesh reader for version-1 mesh files. Of course you can use your own mesh reader provided the output variables are of the correct format (see later). 8. `Mesh_file.m`: Specifies the mesh input file (.msh). At the moment, only Gmsh mesh files of version-1 are allowed. ### Mesh_file.m A mesh file needs to be able to output the following data or variables: * `mNdCrd`: Node coordinates, size = `[nNdStd, 2]` * `mLNodS`: Element connectivities, size = `[nElemn,nLNodS]` * `vElPhz`: Element material phase (or region) ID's, size = `[nElemn,1]` * `cBCNod`: cell of boundary nodes, cell size = `{nBound,1}`, cell element size = `[nBnNod,2]` Example mesh files are located in `./JOBS_LIBRARY/`. Gmsh version-1 file format is described [here](http://www.manpagez.com/info/gmsh/gmsh-2.4.0/gmsh_60.php). ### Additional notes * global variables are defined in `.\Routines_AuxInput\Declare_Global.m` * External libraries are `.\Other_Libs\distmesh` and `.\Other_Libs\mesh2d` ### References Two external meshing libraries are used for the local mesh refinement and remeshing at the crack tip during crack propagation or prior to a crack intersection with another crack or with a boundary of the domain. Specifically, these libraries, which are located in `.\Other_Libs\`, are the following: * [*mesh2d*](https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/m_src/mesh2d/mesh2d.html) by Darren Engwirda * [*distmesh*](http://persson.berkeley.edu/distmesh/) by Per-Olof Persson and Gilbert Strang. ### Issues and Support For support or questions please email [sutula.danas@gmail.com](mailto:sutula.danas@gmail.com). ### Authors Danas Sutula, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg. If you find this code useful, we kindly ask that you consider citing us. * [Minimum energy multiple crack propagation](http://hdl.handle.net/10993/29414)
bsmock / K Shortest PathsA collection of algorithms (including Yen, Eppstein, and Lazy Eppstein) to compute the K shortest paths between two nodes in a weighted, directed graph, implemented in Java.
Brozef92 / Unity GPU ParticlesUsing Direct X compute shaders to emit and update up to 5,000,000 particles simultaneously. Particle-Mesh collision detection is done using a pre-baked octree.
cezbloch / ShaderatorShaderator - Compute Kernels Debugging and Unit Testing for HLSL, OpenCL and GLSL
barograf / VoxelTerrainThis project's main goal is to generate and visualize terrain built using voxels. It was achieved using different approaches and computing technologies just for the sake of performance and implementation comparison.
luetge / FlagserComputing homology of directed flag complexes (based on https://github.com/Ripser/ripser). Online version: https://homepages.abdn.ac.uk/neurotopology/flagser.html
OpenVQE / OpenVQEQuantum computing algorithms and applications package. Please check our article https://doi.org/10.1002/wcms.1664. Do you want to contribute? Fork the project, create a pull request directed to the alpha branch of the repo.
graphql-community / Graphql Directive Computed PropertyGraphQL directive for create computed property
HlG4399 / FRSVTI implemented the fllowing article by Matlab.Refrence:Oh T H, Matsushita Y, Tai Y W, et al. Fast Randomized Singular Value Thresholding for Low-rank Optimization[J]. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis & Machine Intelligence, 2015, PP(99):1-1.Abstract:Rank minimization can be converted into tractable surrogate problems, such as Nuclear Norm Minimization (NNM) and Weighted NNM (WNNM). The problems related to NNM, or WNNM, can be solved iteratively by applying a closed-form proximal operator, called Singular Value Thresholding (SVT), or Weighted SVT, but they suffer from high computational cost of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) at each iteration. We propose a fast and accurate approximation method for SVT, that we call fast randomized SVT (FRSVT), with which we avoid direct computation of SVD. The key idea is to extract an approximate basis for the range of the matrix from its compressed matrix. Given the basis, we compute partial singular values of the original matrix from the small factored matrix. In addition, by developping a range propagation method, our method further speeds up the extraction of approximate basis at each iteration. Our theoretical analysis shows the relationship between the approximation bound of SVD and its effect to NNM
mikolalysenko / Strongly Connected ComponentsComputes the strongly connected components of a directed graph
