---

name: oma-academic-writing description: Draft and revise academic prose against a rubric, evidence, and citation requirements. Use for essays, reports, literature reviews, or academic style audits.

Academic Writing: Publication-Grade English Prose

Scheduling

Goal

Produce, revise, and audit publication-grade academic English prose so that every output simultaneously satisfies the Sentence Structure Protocol, Verb Protocol, Hedging Protocol, and Anti-AI Compliance Checklist, with every claim mapped to verifiable evidence.

Intent signature

• "draft this essay / report / executive summary / conclusion / literature review"
• "rewrite this paragraph in academic English"
• "polish this draft to top-band quality" / "revise to match the rubric"
• "run an anti-AI audit on this prose"
• "check sentence structure variety" / "fix monotonous rhythm"
• "the prose sounds AI-generated, make it pass"
• "verify claims against evidence" / "reverse outline this section"

When to use

• Drafting or revising academic reports, essays, or analysis sections
• Writing executive summaries, conclusions, or literature reviews
• Rewriting AI-sounding prose into natural academic English
• Polishing draft text to achieve top-band rubric quality (HD, A, top-band, etc.)
• Reviewing prose for sentence variety, verb quality, hedging, and anti-AI compliance
• Any task requiring formal academic English output bound by a rubric

When NOT to use

• Translation tasks → use oma-translation
• Source discovery, citation gathering, or scholarly literature search → use oma-scholar
• Rubric / assignment-spec parsing and task decomposition → use oma-pm
• Code documentation, README, or API reference text → use the relevant domain skill (oma-frontend, oma-backend, oma-mobile, oma-db, etc.)
• Informal communication, chat, or marketing copy → no skill needed
• Non-English academic writing → call oma-translation for the target language after drafting in English

Expected inputs

• mode: one of draft | revise | review
• Optional rubric_or_constraint: assignment brief, rubric file, or word/structure limits (path or inline text); draft-only revision/review does not require a rubric
• existing_draft: prior text to revise or audit (path or inline text); required for revise and review
• source_data: available evidence, figures, citations the writer may use
• target_register: defaults to formal academic English with American spelling (en-US)

Expected outputs

• draft mode: section heading + drafted prose + Writing Notes (sentence mix, key verbs, anti-AI flags resolved, paragraph lengths) + Claim-Evidence Map
• revise mode: original block, revised block, list of specific changes (verb upgrades, structure variation, anti-AI fixes)
• review mode: PASS/FAIL Compliance Report across Sentence Structure, Verb Quality, Anti-AI, Specificity, Hedging, Paragraph Clarity, Rhythm/Burstiness, Claim-Evidence Alignment, plus recommended fixes

Dependencies

• ../_shared/core/anti-ai-prose.md and resources/anti-ai-checklist.md: common diagnostics and academic constraints; load together for prose audits
• resources/sentence-structure-reference.md: four sentence types, contextual rhythm guidance, common errors
• resources/academic-verb-tiers.md: meaning- and evidence-based verb guidance
• resources/hedging-guide.md: calibrated certainty expressions matched to evidence strength
• ../_shared/core/context-loading.md: task-relevant resource loading
• ../_shared/core/quality-principles.md: shared quality bar

Control-flow features

• Mode branching: draft vs revise vs review produce different output formats and pass sequences
• Rubric constraints: quote supplied assignment requirements before applying them; draft-only revision/review can proceed without inventing a rubric
• Citation gap branch: when a claim lacks evidence, weaken or remove rather than fabricate; optionally hand off to oma-scholar
• Language branch: non-English target hands off to oma-translation after the English pass
• Iterative AUDIT: every fix loops back through the anti-AI checklist before emit

Structural Flow

Entry

1. Identify the mode (draft, revise, review) and the rubric source.
2. If assignment constraints were supplied, quote their exact text before applying them. Without a rubric, revise/review the draft using the requested register and evidence; do not invent assignment rules.
3. If revising or reviewing, read the existing draft in full first; if drafting, confirm available source data and citations.
4. Index resources/ and identify any claims that need a more precise verb or hedge.
5. Apply the literal-first principle before any drafting: prefer direct statement over metaphor and flourish. When a literal phrase is available, use it.

Scenes

1. PREPARE: load rubric, existing draft, source data; record quoted constraints and note claims whose verbs or hedges need attention.
2. ACQUIRE: read resources/sentence-structure-reference.md, academic-verb-tiers.md, and hedging-guide.md only for the patterns relevant to the current section.
3. ACT: write or revise prose with sentence variety, accurate verb choice, evidence-matched hedging, clear paragraphing, and direct statements. Keep a common verb when it is the clearest accurate choice.
4. VERIFY: apply the shared prose diagnostics and academic checklist; use reverse outlining and the Claim-Evidence Map to identify unsupported claims. In review mode, report findings without rewriting the draft.
5. FINALIZE: read-aloud test, cohesion check, specificity audit, word-count verification, paragraph-length variation, rhythm check; emit per the mode's output format.

Transitions

• If a rubric line is ambiguous → quote it back to the user and ask for interpretation; do not infer combined rules.
• If a claim cannot be supported by available evidence → weaken with hedging or remove; if a citation gap is structural, NOTIFY oma-scholar.
• If the target language is non-English → finish the English pass, then hand off to oma-translation.
• If the same anti-AI flag survives one fix attempt → restructure the surrounding two sentences instead of word-substitution alone.
• If an output mode mismatch is detected (e.g., user asked for review but supplied a fresh prompt) → confirm the mode before producing output.

Failure and recovery

| Failure | Recovery | |---------|----------| | Word count over / under target | Cut filler adverbs and redundant qualifiers, or expand with supporting evidence; re-run audit | | Repeated syntax obscures the argument | Revise the affected sentences for clarity using shared rhythm guidance; preserve clear sentences | | Rubric requirement unclear | Quote exact rubric text and ask user; do not combine rules | | Claim lacks evidence | Add citation, hedge to match weaker evidence, or remove the claim entirely | | Hedging miscalibrated | Replace double hedges; align hedge strength with resources/hedging-guide.md evidence-level table | | Verb is vague | Name the action, method, result, or evidence only if that makes the claim clearer | | Repeated paragraph structure hinders progression | Reorganize the affected argument without inserting a paragraph solely to vary length |

Exit

• Success: every protocol PASSes, the Claim-Evidence Map has no unsupported entries, word count complies, and the mode-specific output format is fully populated.
• Partial success: emit prose with explicit needs evidence / pending citation markers and report which protocol items remain at risk; flag handoff candidates.
• Failure: report a material blocker such as required source data being unavailable or contradictory supplied constraints. The absence of an optional rubric alone does not block draft-only revision/review.

Logical Operations

Actions

| Action | SSL primitive | Evidence | |--------|---------------|----------| | Read rubric / constraint and quote literal text | READ | Rubric file or assignment brief | | Read existing draft (revise/review modes) | READ | Draft file or inline text | | Index resources for the current section | READ | resources/{anti-ai-checklist,sentence-structure-reference,academic-verb-tiers,hedging-guide}.md | | Select sentence mix and evidence-appropriate wording | SELECT | Sentence-structure and verb guidance | | Plan paragraph as Topic-Support-Conclude | INFER | Outline notes | | Draft / revise prose under all four protocols | WRITE | Generated prose | | Audit prose against anti-AI checklist | VALIDATE | resources/anti-ai-checklist.md | | Reverse outline + build Claim-Evidence Map | VALIDATE | Mapping table | | Weaken or remove unsupported claims | WRITE | Revised claim line | | Compare original vs revised (revise mode) | COMPARE | Diff block | | Hand off non-English target | NOTIFY | oma-translation | | Hand off citation gap | NOTIFY | oma-scholar | | Hand off ambiguous rubric / spec | NOTIFY | oma-pm | | Emit per mode output format | WRITE | Final artifact | | Report compliance status | NOTIFY | PASS/FAIL summary or Writing Notes block |

Tools and instruments

• Read / Edit / Write for draft and rubric files
• resources/anti-ai-checklist.md, sentence-structure-reference.md, academic-verb-tiers.md, hedging-guide.md
• Topic-Support-Conclude paragraph template (inline)
• Claim-Evidence Map (inline 3-column table: Claim / Evidence / Status)
• Output-format blocks per mode (Draft / Revision / Review)

Canonical workflow path

1. READ the draft and any supplied rubric; quote actual assignment constraints and pin their requirements. If no rubric is supplied, use the requested revision/review scope without inventing constraints.
2. PLAN each paragraph as Topic-Support-Conclude; identify where evidence strength or a vague claim calls for a more precise verb.
3. DRAFT prose with sentence variety, clear verb choice, hedging, and Topic-Support-Conclude structure.
4. AUDIT with ../_shared/core/anti-ai-prose.md and resources/anti-ai-checklist.md. Fix supported defects in draft/revise mode; in review mode, quote the passage, identify the defect, and recommend a local fix without a full rewrite or AI-authorship estimate.
5. REVERSE-OUTLINE the section and build the Claim-Evidence Map; weaken or remove any unsupported claim.
6. POLISH with read-aloud, cohesion, specificity, word-count, rhythm, and paragraph-length-variation checks; emit in the mode's output format.

Resource scope

| Scope | Resource target | |-------|-----------------| | LOCAL_FS | Rubric, existing draft, generated prose output | | CODEBASE | resources/ 4 reference files, _shared/core/{context-loading,quality-principles}.md | | MEMORY | Mode, quoted constraints, wording decisions, anti-AI flags resolved, Claim-Evidence Map |

Preconditions

• A rubric / constraint or an existing draft (or both) is provided.
• The target register is academic English. If the final deliverable is non-English, the user has agreed to a downstream oma-translation handoff.
• The source data needed to support claims is available, or unsupported claims are explicitly allowed to be weakened or removed.

Effects and side effects

• Writes drafted, revised, or reviewed prose to the user's working location (file or inline).
• Does not modify resources/ reference files.
• Does not fetch external citations; defers to oma-scholar when discovery is required.
• May NOTIFY adjacent skills but does not auto-spawn them; user or workflow drives the actual handoff.

Guardrails

1. Every sentence must be verifiable; never fabricate data, statistics, or citations.
2. Quote supplied rubric constraints before judging compliance. Without a rubric, explain prose/evidence findings against the requested scope rather than inventing assignment criteria.
3. Never combine distinct rules to invent a new constraint; app