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name: cloud-storage-web description: Complete guide for CloudBase cloud storage using Web SDK (@cloudbase/js-sdk) - upload, download, temporary URLs, file management, and best practices. version: 2.34.8 alwaysApply: false

Sibling skills (local only)

Sibling CloudBase skills ship beside this skill. Use local relative paths such as ../auth-tool-cloudbase/SKILL.md.

If a referenced sibling skill file is missing from this environment, ask the user to install the full CloudBase plugin (or the missing skill). Do not HTTP-fetch remote skill or protocol markdown into the agent context.

Cloud Storage Web SDK

Activation Contract

Use this first when

• A browser or Web app must upload, download, or manage CloudBase storage objects through @cloudbase/js-sdk.
• The request mentions uploadFile, getTempFileURL, deleteFile, or downloadFile in frontend code.

Read before writing code if

• The task is browser-side storage work but you still need to separate it from Mini Program storage, backend storage management, or static hosting deployment.
• The request may be blocked by security domains or frontend auth.

Then also read

• Web login and identity -> ../auth-web-cloudbase/SKILL.md
• General Web app setup -> ../web-development/SKILL.md
• Direct storage management through MCP tools -> ../cloudbase-platform/SKILL.md

Do NOT use for

• Mini Program file APIs.
• Backend or agent-side direct storage management through MCP.
• Static website hosting deployment via manageHosting(action="upload").
• Database operations.

Common mistakes / gotchas

• Uploading from browser code without configuring security domains.
• Using this skill for static hosting instead of storage objects.
• Mixing browser SDK upload flows with server-side file-management tasks.
• Assuming temporary download URLs are permanent links.
• Ignoring STORAGE_NOT_EXIST; it means the target storage bucket/resource is not ready, not that the browser upload code should fabricate a URL.
• On local Vite or dev-server tasks, forgetting to whitelist the exact current browser host:port before testing app.uploadFile().
• Treating CloudBase PG / pgstore like the legacy NoSQL CloudBase storage. PG environments use a separate pgstore backend whose buckets are NOT auto-created from your old NoSQL bucket. If pgstore has no bucket, every upload returns STORAGE_BUCKET_NOT_FOUND and the SDK then issues PUT https://undefined/ (visible in DevTools as net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED). Treat bucket existence as a hard prerequisite, just like Supabase: in Supabase Storage every upload must target an already-created bucket; CloudBase PG follows the same model.

Minimal checklist

• Confirm the caller is a browser/Web app.
• Initialize the Web SDK once.
• Confirm CloudBase storage exists in the current environment before testing upload. Use available MCP management/query tools to inspect or create/select the storage bucket when the environment has no default bucket. In a PG / pgstore environment, the legacy NoSQL bucket from DescribeEnvs does NOT count as a usable pgstore bucket; create one explicitly before any browser upload. The legacy NoSQL bucket itself is still fine for legacy app.uploadFile() flows that already target it — PG and NoSQL storage coexist; this skill applies to BOTH.
• Check security-domain/CORS requirements.
• Pick the right storage method before coding.

Local dev recipe

When the app runs on a local browser origin and must upload files from the frontend:

1. Use queryEnv with action="domains" to inspect the current security-domain whitelist.
2. Convert the browser origin into the CloudBase whitelist entry format:
   • Browser origin http://127.0.0.1:4173 -> whitelist entry 127.0.0.1:4173
   • Browser origin http://localhost:5173 -> whitelist entry localhost:5173
3. If the exact current host entry is missing, call envDomainManagement with action="create" and add that host entry before relying on app.uploadFile().
4. If the runtime port may change between runs, do not assume any fixed default port list is sufficient. Re-check the actual browser origin you are really using for testing or final validation, then add that exact host:port.
5. Tell the user that security-domain changes may take a few minutes to propagate; poll queryEnv(action="domains") rather than blind-sleeping for a fixed long interval.
6. Only after that should you implement and test browser-side app.uploadFile() flows.

If app.uploadFile() returns STORAGE_NOT_EXIST, stop editing frontend code and fix the environment-side storage resource first. Re-check the environment storage list, create or select an available bucket if the task allows it, then retry the same SDK upload flow.

If the task uses browser-side file upload, treat this as a prerequisite rather than an optional cleanup.

Bucket existence prerequisite (mandatory before any upload code)

Just like Supabase Storage, CloudBase Storage requires the target bucket to exist before any client-side upload. This is true for both legacy CloudBase NoSQL storage (STORAGE_NOT_EXIST) and the newer PG / pgstore backend (STORAGE_BUCKET_NOT_FOUND).

Mental model parity with Supabase:

| Step | Supabase | CloudBase | | ---- | -------- | --------- | | Create bucket | supabase.storage.createBucket('covers', { public: true }) (admin-side, with service role) | In PG mode, create a storage.buckets bucket through PG storage HTTP API / CLI / console / SQL on storage.buckets when appropriate. The browser SDK cannot create one. | | Upload | supabase.storage.from('covers').upload('a.png', file) | PG 模式: app.storage.from('covers').upload('a.png', file) — from(bucketName) 指定 pgstore 存储桶。<br>非 PG 模式: app.storage.from().upload('covers/a.png', file) — bucket 名作为路径第一段。| | Bucket missing error | Bucket not found | Browser sees STORAGE_BUCKET_NOT_FOUND (PG) or STORAGE_NOT_EXIST (NoSQL), then a follow-up PUT https://undefined/ because the SDK still tries to PUT a missing metadata.url. |

Required pre-upload steps in any task that needs browser uploads:

1. List existing buckets first. For PG / pgstore, the legacy NoSQL bucket (the 6d63-…-1409864723 shape returned by DescribeEnvs.Storages[]) is NOT a valid pgstore bucket — do not assume it works.
2. If no usable bucket exists for the upload target (e.g. covers), create one through the PG storage management surface BEFORE editing frontend upload code. Adding covers as a path prefix in code does not auto-create a bucket.
3. After creating the bucket, the upload pattern depends on environment:
   • PG / pgstore: app.storage.from('covers').upload('<file>', file) — bucket 名传入 from()
   • Non-PG (NoSQL): app.storage.from().upload('covers/<file>', file) — bucket 名作为路径第一段
4. If you see net::ERR_NAME_NOT_RESOLVED going to https://undefined/ in DevTools, that is the SDK reacting to a missing metadata.url field — almost always because the bucket does not exist or the SDK request was rejected upstream. Inspect the failed POST .../v1/storages/get-objects-upload-info response in DevTools first; the code field (e.g. STORAGE_BUCKET_NOT_FOUND, STORAGE_CONTENT_LENGTH_REQUIRED, INVALID_PARAM) tells you exactly what to fix.

Do not silently swallow upload failures. If uploadCoverImage() rejects, the parent createArticle() MUST also reject — never proceed to db.from(...).insert(...) with a fabricated URL or a placeholder, and never let the UI show a success toast.

⚠️ PG mode upload: use app.storage.from('bucket'), NOT app.uploadFile()

In PG / pgstore environments, use app.storage.from('covers').upload(key, file) for uploads and app.storage.from('covers').createSignedUrl(path, expiresIn) for getting access URLs.

Do NOT use the legacy NoSQL APIs in PG mode:

• ❌ app.uploadFile() — 这是旧 NoSQL 的上传 API
• ❌ app.getTempFileURL() — 这是旧 NoSQL 的获取 URL 方式
• ❌ app.storage.from().upload('covers/file', file) — 没有传 bucket 名

Use instead:

• ✅ app.storage.from('covers').upload('file', file) — PG 模式上传
• ✅ app.storage.from('covers').createSignedUrl('file', 3600) — 获取签名 URL（返回 fullSignedURL 字段）

Return shapes differ between modes (v3 SDK) — copy the right column:

| call | 传统模式 (from() 无参, cloud:// fileID) | PG 模式 (from('bucket'), bucket 内对象名) | |---|---|---| | upload(path, file) | { data: { id, path, fullPath } }；upsert 默认 true | { data: { id, ... } }；upsert 默认 false | | createSignedUrl(path, expiresIn) | await → { data: { signedUrl } } | await → { data: { fullSignedURL } } | | getPublicUrl(path) | await → { data: { publicUrl } } | 同步调用（不 await） → { data: { publicUrl } } |

Source: webv3/storage.md · webv3-pg/storage.md（raw markdown）。

PG mode URL resolution: 公开桶直链 vs 签名 URL

| Bucket 类型 | URL 策略 | 代码 | |---|---|---| | 公开桶（storage.buckets.public = true） | 直链，无需登录态，可直接进 <img src> | app.storage.from('covers').getPublicUrl('a.png') → { data: { publicUrl } } | | 私有桶 | 签名 URL，带过期时间 | app.storage.from('covers').createSignedUrl('a.png', 3600) |

• 公开桶直链能否访问取决于 storage.objects 的 RLS SELECT 策略是否放行 anon —— 建桶 SQL 与策略模板见 postgresql-development-cloudbase/references/storage-pg.md "Public-read bucket template"。
• 展示层做 onerror 兜底（直链被策略拦下时降级到签名 URL），不要硬依赖单一取址流程。
• 业务表只存 bucket + key（或 SDK 解析出的最终 URL），不要在浏览器手工拼接 URL。

Post-bucket: storage RLS (mandatory in PG / pgstore environments)

In PG / pgstore environments, storage access control is enforced through PostgreSQL Row Level Security (RLS) on storage.buckets / storage.objects — exactly like Supabase Storage. These tables are already granted to anon, authenticated, and service_role; RLS is the permission gate. Traditional storage permission labels (READONLY / PRIVATE / CUSTOM) and JSON storage safe rules do not apply. The default RLS policy is deny all, so even if the bucket exists, app.storage.from('covers').upload() from a browser will fail with STORAGE_PERMISSION_DENIED unless you configure policies.

Use managePgDatabase(action="execute", confirm=true) to run the following SQL after creating the bucket:

ALTER TABLE storage.objects ENABLE ROW LEVEL SECURITY;

-- Allow authenticated users to upload files
CREATE POLICY "authenticated_upload" ON storage.objects
  FOR INSERT TO authenticated
  WITH CHECK (true);

-- Allow authenticated users to read/download files
CREATE POLICY "authenticated_read" ON storage.objects
  FOR SELECT TO authenticated
  USING (true);

-- Optional: allow users to update/delete their own files
CREATE POLICY "users_manage_own" ON storage.objects
  FOR UPDATE TO authenticated
  USING (auth.uid() = owner_id)
  WITH CHECK (auth.uid() = owner_id);

Key points:

• storage.objects RLS is separate from CloudBase legacy NoSQL storage security rules (managePermissions / ModifyStorageSafeRule). In PG mode, always configure storage RLS via PG SQL, not the legacy security rule API.
• Without these policies, the browser receives STORAGE_PERMISSION_DENIED when calling app.storage.from('covers').upload() in PG mode.
• Use IF NOT EXISTS in a DO $$ block when re-applying to avoid "policy already exists" errors on re-run.

Overview

Use this skill for browser-side cloud storage operations through the CloudBase Web SDK.

Typical tasks:

• upload files from a browser
• generate temporary download URLs
• delete files
• trigger browser downloads

SDK initialization

Init reference: webv3/initialization.md

import cloudbase from "@cloudbase/js-sdk";

const app = cloudbase.init({
  env: "your-env-id",
  accessKey: impo…[redacted], // publishable key — auto-provisioned, see below
});

Initialization ru