---

name: motion-design description: > Applies motion design principles to create emotionally-driven, technically sound animations and transitions. Provides timing, easing, choreography, and Disney animation principles adapted for UI. Use when creating animations, transitions, micro-interactions, loading states, page transitions, scroll-triggered effects, or any motion work. Works with CSS, Framer Motion, GSAP, Lottie, Spring, or any animation system. license: MIT metadata: author: LottieFiles version: "1.0.0"

Motion Design Skill

When to Apply

Use this skill when:

• Creating UI animations (buttons, cards, modals, page transitions)
• Designing micro-interactions and feedback animations
• Building loading, success, or error states
• Animating illustrations or decorative elements
• Planning scroll-triggered or progress-based animations
• Establishing brand motion identity
• Choreographing multi-element sequences

Decision tree:

1. Does it serve a functional purpose (feedback, guidance)? → Timing rules for responsiveness
2. Does it express brand personality? → Motion Personality archetypes
3. Does it tell a story or guide attention? → Disney principles + choreography
4. Is this a complex multi-element scene? → 1/3 Rule + stagger patterns

---

Quick Reference: 8-Step Checklist

Before creating any animation:

1. Emotional target? — joy, calm, urgency, elegance
2. Motion Personality? — Playful, Premium, Corporate, Energetic
3. Primary property? — position, scale, rotation, opacity
4. Duration? — see duration table below
5. Easing family? — entrance=decelerate, exit=accelerate
6. Hero element? — apply staging principles
7. Secondary + ambient layers? — add richness
8. 1/3 rules? — motion distance, simultaneous elements

---

Three Pillars (CRITICAL)

Every animation must satisfy three pillars before any technical decisions:

| Pillar | Question | Drives | |--------|----------|--------| | Emotional Intent | What should the viewer FEEL? | Easing, timing, amplitude | | Visual Narrative | What's the micro-story? | Setup → Action → Resolution | | Motion Craft | How do we make it believable? | Physics, secondary motion, paths |

Three motion layers (flat animation = missing layers):

• Primary: Main action the viewer follows
• Secondary: Supporting richness (shadows, icons shifting)
• Ambient: Background life (gradients, subtle pulses)

Deep dive: director/core-philosophy.md

---

Motion Personality

Select ONE archetype per project. Apply consistently.

| Archetype | Duration | Easing | Overshoot | Keywords | |-----------|----------|--------|-----------|----------| | Playful | 150-300ms | ease-out-back | 10-20% | fun, whimsical, bouncy, cute | | Premium | 350-600ms | cubic-bezier(0.4,0,0.2,1) | 0% | elegant, minimal, luxury, sophisticated | | Corporate | 200-400ms | cubic-bezier(0.2,0,0,1) | 0-3% | clean, professional, business, dashboard | | Energetic | 100-250ms | ease-out-expo | 15-30% | dynamic, energetic, bold, exciting |

Default: Corporate for UI, Playful for illustrations.

Brand Motion Identity — define three constants:

1. Signature easing: One curve for 80% of animations
2. Duration palette: 3 durations (quick / standard / slow)
3. Entrance pattern: One consistent entry style

Deep dive: director/motion-personality.md

---

Property Selection

| Effect Goal | Primary Property | Secondary Properties | |-------------|------------------|---------------------| | Entrance/Exit | position | opacity, scale | | Emphasis/Attention | scale | rotation (subtle), opacity pulse | | State Change | opacity, color | scale (press feedback) | | Direction/Flow | position | rotation (follow path) | | Depth/3D Feel | scale + shadow | position (parallax) | | Loading/Progress | rotation (spinner) | scale, opacity pulse | | Success | scale (pop) | color, rotation (checkmark draw) | | Error/Alert | position (shake) | color, rotation (wobble) |

Simplicity threshold: Use the minimum properties needed. One = direct. Two = polished. Three+ = potentially overwhelming.

Deep dive: reference/property-selection.md

---

Duration Table

| Element Type | Duration | Rationale | |-------------|----------|-----------| | Tooltip / micro-feedback | 80-120ms | Must feel instant | | Button press / toggle | 120-180ms | Responsive feedback | | Icon transition | 150-250ms | Clear state change | | Card enter / exit | 200-350ms | Spatial awareness | | Modal / dialog | 300-400ms | Focus shift | | Page transition | 400-600ms | Context switch | | Dramatic reveal | 600-1200ms | Theatrical build |

Distance scales duration: 100px = base. 200px = 1.3x. 400px = 1.6x.

Enter > Exit: Entrances 30-50% longer than exits. Users care about what appears.

Interactive feedback:

• Hover: <100ms
• Press: <150ms
• Release/settle: 200-300ms
• Error shake: 300-400ms (2-3 oscillations)

Deep dive: reference/timing-easing-tables.md

---

Easing Selection

Directional rules:

• Entrance → decelerate (fast start, gentle landing): ease-out family
• Exit → accelerate (gentle start, fast departure): ease-in family
• On-screen → smooth both ends: ease-in-out family
• Looping ambient → seamless: sine-based ease-in-out

Industry standards:

| Standard | Cubic Bezier | Use For | |----------|-------------|---------| | Material Design 3 | (0.2, 0, 0, 1) | Default on-screen | | MD3 Emphasized | (0.05, 0.7, 0.1, 1) | Entrances, attention | | MD3 Accelerate | (0.3, 0, 1, 1) | Exits, dismissals | | Apple HIG | (0.25, 0.1, 0.25, 1) | Standard iOS | | Snappy UI | (0.2, 0, 0, 1) | Fast, decisive | | Gentle float | (0.4, 0, 0.2, 1) | Ambient, background | | Bounce settle | (0.175, 0.885, 0.32, 1.275) | Overshoot, playful |

Material-based easing:

| Material | Duration Scale | Overshoot | |----------|---------------|-----------| | Rigid (metal, stone) | 1.2x | 0% | | Elastic (rubber, gel) | 0.8x | 15-25% | | Fluid (water, paint) | 1.5x | 5% | | Paper (cards, sheets) | 1.0x | 3-5% | | Gas (smoke, fog) | 2.0x | 0% | | Glass (brittle) | 0.9x | 0% |

Deep dive: reference/timing-easing-tables.md

---

Common Patterns

Button Press (Playful)

1. Anticipation: Scale to 0.97 (50ms, ease-out)
2. Squash: Scale to [1.04, 0.96] (100ms, ease-in)
3. Follow through: Overshoots to 1.02, settles to 1.0 (spring, 200ms)
4. Secondary: Shadow shrinks during press, icon shifts down 2px
5. Total: ~150ms press + 200ms settle

Card Entrance (Premium)

1. Start: 20px below target, opacity 0
2. Path: Slight curve (10px X offset at midpoint)
3. Easing: ease-out-cubic deceleration
4. Follow through: Shadow arrives 50ms after card
5. Secondary: Content fades in 100ms after card lands
6. Staging: Other cards dim to 80%

Success State (Playful)

1. Primary: Scale pop with ease-out-back
2. Secondary: Checkmark draws in
3. Ambient: Subtle particle burst
4. Color: Green fill
5. Total: 300-400ms

Error Shake (Corporate)

1. Primary: Position oscillates 2-3 times, ±10-15px horizontal
2. Easing: ease-in-out for sharp stops
3. Color: Red tint
4. Total: 300-400ms
5. No overshoot: Errors feel firm

More patterns: patterns/entrance-exit.md | patterns/state-feedback.md

---

Choreography Essentials

Coordinated entry:

• Lead with the hero — primary element enters first or most prominently
• Spatial consistency — all elements enter from same direction
• Counter-motion — hero moves right → ambient moves left at 20-30% speed

1/3 Rule (distance): No motion travels more than 1/3 of screen without a keyframe change.

1/3 Rule (elements): With 3+ elements, no more than 1/3 in active motion simultaneously.

Stagger budgets:

| Pattern | Delay | Total Budget | Use Case | |---------|-------|-------------|----------| | Micro cascade | 20-40ms | <200ms | List items, grid cells | | Standard | 50-100ms | <400ms | Cards, panels, nav | | Dramatic | 100-200ms | <600ms | Hero sections | | Wave | 30-60ms | <500ms | Data visualizations |

Critical: Total stagger must stay under 500ms.

Deep dive: director/choreography.md

---

Emotion-to-Motion Map

| Emotion | Character | Path | Easing | Duration | |---------|-----------|------|--------|----------| | Joy | Bouncy, arcs | Curved, upward | ease-out-back | 200-400ms | | Calm | Smooth, flowing | Gentle curves | sine ease-in-out | 500-1000ms | | Urgency | Sharp, fast | Straight lines | ease-out | 100-200ms | | Sadness | Slow, downward | Drooping curves | cubic ease-in-out | 600-1200ms | | Surprise | Sudden, expanding | Radial outward | ease-out-expo | 150-300ms | | Elegance | Slow, controlled | Long arcs | (0.4,0,0.2,1) | 400-700ms | | Playfulness | Bouncy, irregular | Arcs, squiggly | ease-out-back | 200-350ms |

Path as language: Angular = tense. Curved = friendly. Spiral = whimsical. Diagonal = purposeful. Vertical = growth/weight. Horizontal = progress.

Deep dive: director/emotion-mapping.md

---

Weight Classification

| Weight | Examples | Duration | Overshoot | Easing | |--------|----------|----------|-----------|--------| | Heavy | Modals, overlays | 300-500ms | 0% | Gentle, high damping | | Medium | Cards, panels | 200-350ms | 3-5% | Moderate | | Light | Tooltips, badges, icons | 80-200ms | 5-15% | Responsive |

---

Quality Rules

CRITICAL — never break

1. Never linear for spatial movement — always use easing curves (linear only for spinners, progress bars)
2. Never opacity-only for important state changes — combine with position or scale
3. Never exceed 1/3 screen without intermediate keyframe
4. Always three motion layers — primary + secondary + ambient

HIGH — strongly follow

1. Match duration to element type (see tables)
2. Use directional easing (ease-out entrance, ease-in exit)
3. Apply Disney principles (especially anticipation, follow-through)
4. Maintain consistent personality across scene

Full checklist: reference/quality-checklist.md

---

Troubleshooting Quick Reference

| Problem | Likely Cause | Fix | |---------|-------------|-----| | Looks robotic | Linear easing or no arcs | Add easing curves + arc paths | | Feels too slow | Duration too long for element type | Check duration table, use ease-out | | Feels cheap/flat | Missing secondary + ambient | Add shadow motion + background life | | Too distracting | Too many elements moving | Apply 1/3 rule, reduce amplitude | | No personality | Generic easing everywhere | Apply personality archetype consistently |

Deep dive: reference/troubleshooting.md

---

File Reference

Philosophy (director/):

• core-philosophy.md — Three Pillars deep dive
• decision-framework.md — Full decision pipeline
• disney-principles.md — 12 principles, UI-adapted
• motion-personality.md — 4 archetypes + brand identity
• emotion-mapping.md — Emotion → motion + color psychology
• choreography.md — Multi-element coordination
• narrative-structure.md — Micro-story framework
• context-adaptation.md — Platform, a11y, performance

Reference (reference/):

• timing-easing-tables.md — Duration + easing lookups
• property-selection.md — Property communication guide
• [troubleshooting.md]