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kata198 / Func TimeoutPython module which allows you to specify timeouts when calling any existing function, and support for stoppable threads
chrisneagu / FTC Skystone Dark Angels Romania 2020NOTICE This repository contains the public FTC SDK for the SKYSTONE (2019-2020) competition season. If you are looking for the current season's FTC SDK software, please visit the new and permanent home of the public FTC SDK: FtcRobotController repository Welcome! This GitHub repository contains the source code that is used to build an Android app to control a FIRST Tech Challenge competition robot. To use this SDK, download/clone the entire project to your local computer. Getting Started If you are new to robotics or new to the FIRST Tech Challenge, then you should consider reviewing the FTC Blocks Tutorial to get familiar with how to use the control system: FTC Blocks Online Tutorial Even if you are an advanced Java programmer, it is helpful to start with the FTC Blocks tutorial, and then migrate to the OnBot Java Tool or to Android Studio afterwards. Downloading the Project If you are an Android Studio programmer, there are several ways to download this repo. Note that if you use the Blocks or OnBot Java Tool to program your robot, then you do not need to download this repository. If you are a git user, you can clone the most current version of the repository: git clone https://github.com/FIRST-Tech-Challenge/SKYSTONE.git Or, if you prefer, you can use the "Download Zip" button available through the main repository page. Downloading the project as a .ZIP file will keep the size of the download manageable. You can also download the project folder (as a .zip or .tar.gz archive file) from the Downloads subsection of the Releases page for this repository. Once you have downloaded and uncompressed (if needed) your folder, you can use Android Studio to import the folder ("Import project (Eclipse ADT, Gradle, etc.)"). Getting Help User Documentation and Tutorials FIRST maintains online documentation with information and tutorials on how to use the FIRST Tech Challenge software and robot control system. You can access this documentation using the following link: SKYSTONE Online Documentation Note that the online documentation is an "evergreen" document that is constantly being updated and edited. It contains the most current information about the FIRST Tech Challenge software and control system. Javadoc Reference Material The Javadoc reference documentation for the FTC SDK is now available online. Click on the following link to view the FTC SDK Javadoc documentation as a live website: FTC Javadoc Documentation Documentation for the FTC SDK is also included with this repository. There is a subfolder called "doc" which contains several subfolders: The folder "apk" contains the .apk files for the FTC Driver Station and FTC Robot Controller apps. The folder "javadoc" contains the JavaDoc user documentation for the FTC SDK. Online User Forum For technical questions regarding the Control System or the FTC SDK, please visit the FTC Technology forum: FTC Technology Forum Release Information Version 5.5 (20200824-090813) Version 5.5 requires Android Studio 4.0 or later. New features Adds support for calling custom Java classes from Blocks OpModes (fixes SkyStone issue #161). Classes must be in the org.firstinspires.ftc.teamcode package. Methods must be public static and have no more than 21 parameters. Parameters declared as OpMode, LinearOpMode, Telemetry, and HardwareMap are supported and the argument is provided automatically, regardless of the order of the parameters. On the block, the sockets for those parameters are automatically filled in. Parameters declared as char or java.lang.Character will accept any block that returns text and will only use the first character in the text. Parameters declared as boolean or java.lang.Boolean will accept any block that returns boolean. Parameters declared as byte, java.lang.Byte, short, java.lang.Short, int, java.lang.Integer, long, or java.lang.Long, will accept any block that returns a number and will round that value to the nearest whole number. Parameters declared as float, java.lang.Float, double, java.lang.Double will accept any block that returns a number. Adds telemetry API method for setting display format Classic Monospace HTML (certain tags only) Adds blocks support for switching cameras. Adds Blocks support for TensorFlow Object Detection with a custom model. Adds support for uploading a custom TensorFlow Object Detection model in the Manage page, which is especially useful for Blocks and OnBotJava users. Shows new Control Hub blink codes when the WiFi band is switched using the Control Hub's button (only possible on Control Hub OS 1.1.2) Adds new warnings which can be disabled in the Advanced RC Settings Mismatched app versions warning Unnecessary 2.4 GHz WiFi usage warning REV Hub is running outdated firmware (older than version 1.8.2) Adds support for Sony PS4 gamepad, and reworks how gamepads work on the Driver Station Removes preference which sets gamepad type based on driver position. Replaced with menu which allows specifying type for gamepads with unknown VID and PID Attempts to auto-detect gamepad type based on USB VID and PID If gamepad VID and PID is not known, use type specified by user for that VID and PID If gamepad VID and PID is not known AND the user has not specified a type for that VID and PID, an educated guess is made about how to map the gamepad Driver Station will now attempt to automatically recover from a gamepad disconnecting, and re-assign it to the position it was assigned to when it dropped If only one gamepad is assigned and it drops: it can be recovered If two gamepads are assigned, and have different VID/PID signatures, and only one drops: it will be recovered If two gamepads are assigned, and have different VID/PID signatures, and BOTH drop: both will be recovered If two gamepads are assigned, and have the same VID/PID signatures, and only one drops: it will be recovered If two gamepads are assigned, and have the same VID/PID signatures, and BOTH drop: neither will be recovered, because of the ambiguity of the gamepads when they re-appear on the USB bus. There is currently one known edge case: if there are two gamepads with the same VID/PID signature plugged in, but only one is assigned, and they BOTH drop, it's a 50-50 chance of which one will be chosen for automatic recovery to the assigned position: it is determined by whichever one is re-enumerated first by the USB bus controller. Adds landscape user interface to Driver Station New feature: practice timer with audio cues New feature (Control Hub only): wireless network connection strength indicator (0-5 bars) New feature (Control Hub only): tapping on the ping/channel display will switch to an alternate display showing radio RX dBm and link speed (tap again to switch back) The layout will NOT autorotate. You can switch the layout from the Driver Station's settings menu. Breaking changes Removes support for Android versions 4.4 through 5.1 (KitKat and Lollipop). The minSdkVersion is now 23. Removes the deprecated LinearOpMode methods waitOneFullHardwareCycle() and waitForNextHardwareCycle() Enhancements Handles RS485 address of Control Hub automatically The Control Hub is automatically given a reserved address Existing configuration files will continue to work All addresses in the range of 1-10 are still available for Expansion Hubs The Control Hub light will now normally be solid green, without blinking to indicate the address The Control Hub will not be shown on the Expansion Hub Address Change settings page Improves REV Hub firmware updater The user can now choose between all available firmware update files Version 1.8.2 of the REV Hub firmware is bundled into the Robot Controller app. Text was added to clarify that Expansion Hubs can only be updated via USB. Firmware update speed was reduced to improve reliability Allows REV Hub firmware to be updated directly from the Manage webpage Improves log viewer on Robot Controller Horizontal scrolling support (no longer word wrapped) Supports pinch-to-zoom Uses a monospaced font Error messages are highlighted New color scheme Attempts to force-stop a runaway/stuck OpMode without restarting the entire app Not all types of runaway conditions are stoppable, but if the user code attempts to talk to hardware during the runaway, the system should be able to capture it. Makes various tweaks to the Self Inspect screen Renames "OS version" entry to "Android version" Renames "WiFi Direct Name" to "WiFi Name" Adds Control Hub OS version, when viewing the report of a Control Hub Hides the airplane mode entry, when viewing the report of a Control Hub Removes check for ZTE Speed Channel Changer Shows firmware version for all Expansion and Control Hubs Reworks network settings portion of Manage page All network settings are now applied with a single click The WiFi Direct channel of phone-based Robot Controllers can now be changed from the Manage page WiFi channels are filtered by band (2.4 vs 5 GHz) and whether they overlap with other channels The current WiFi channel is pre-selected on phone-based Robot Controllers, and Control Hubs running OS 1.1.2 or later. On Control Hubs running OS 1.1.2 or later, you can choose to have the system automatically select a channel on the 5 GHz band Improves OnBotJava New light and dark themes replace the old themes (chaos, github, chrome,...) the new default theme is light and will be used when you first update to this version OnBotJava now has a tabbed editor Read-only offline mode Improves function of "exit" menu item on Robot Controller and Driver Station Now guaranteed to be fully stopped and unloaded from memory Shows a warning message if a LinearOpMode exists prematurely due to failure to monitor for the start condition Improves error message shown when the Driver Station and Robot Controller are incompatible with each other Driver Station OpMode Control Panel now disabled while a Restart Robot is in progress Disables advanced settings related to WiFi direct when the Robot Controller is a Control Hub. Tint phone battery icons on Driver Station when low/critical. Uses names "Control Hub Portal" and "Control Hub" (when appropriate) in new configuration files Improve I2C read performance Very large improvement on Control Hub; up to ~2x faster with small (e.g. 6 byte) reads Not as apparent on Expansion Hubs connected to a phone Update/refresh build infrastructure Update to 'androidx' support library from 'com.android.support:appcompat', which is end-of-life Update targetSdkVersion and compileSdkVersion to 28 Update Android Studio's Android plugin to latest Fix reported build timestamp in 'About' screen Add sample illustrating manual webcam use: ConceptWebcam Bug fixes Fixes SkyStone issue #248 Fixes SkyStone issue #232 and modifies bulk caching semantics to allow for cache-preserving MANUAL/AUTO transitions. Improves performance when REV 2M distance sensor is unplugged Improves readability of Toast messages on certain devices Allows a Driver Station to connect to a Robot Controller after another has disconnected Improves generation of fake serial numbers for UVC cameras which do not provide a real serial number Previously some devices would assign such cameras a serial of 0:0 and fail to open and start streaming Fixes ftc_app issue #638. Fixes a slew of bugs with the Vuforia camera monitor including: Fixes bug where preview could be displayed with a wonky aspect ratio Fixes bug where preview could be cut off in landscape Fixes bug where preview got totally messed up when rotating phone Fixes bug where crosshair could drift off target when using webcams Fixes issue in UVC driver on some devices (ftc_app 681) if streaming was started/stopped multiple times in a row Issue manifested as kernel panic on devices which do not have this kernel patch. On affected devices which do have the patch, the issue was manifest as simply a failure to start streaming. The Tech Team believes that the root cause of the issue is a bug in the Linux kernel XHCI driver. A workaround was implemented in the SDK UVC driver. Fixes bug in UVC driver where often half the frames from the camera would be dropped (e.g. only 15FPS delivered during a streaming session configured for 30FPS). Fixes issue where TensorFlow Object Detection would show results whose confidence was lower than the minimum confidence parameter. Fixes a potential exploitation issue of CVE-2019-11358 in OnBotJava Fixes changing the address of an Expansion Hub with additional Expansion Hubs connected to it Preserves the Control Hub's network connection when "Restart Robot" is selected Fixes issue where device scans would fail while the Robot was restarting Fix RenderScript usage Use androidx.renderscript variant: increased compatibility Use RenderScript in Java mode, not native: simplifies build Fixes webcam-frame-to-bitmap conversion problem: alpha channel wasn't being initialized, only R, G, & B Fixes possible arithmetic overflow in Deadline Fixes deadlock in Vuforia webcam support which could cause 5-second delays when stopping OpMode Version 5.4 (20200108-101156) Fixes SkyStone issue #88 Adds an inspection item that notes when a robot controller (Control Hub) is using the factory default password. Fixes SkyStone issue #61 Fixes SkyStone issue #142 Fixes ftc_app issue #417 by adding more current and voltage monitoring capabilities for REV Hubs. Fixes a crash sometimes caused by OnBotJava activity Improves OnBotJava autosave functionality ftc_app #738 Fixes system responsiveness issue when an Expansion Hub is disconnected Fixes issue where IMU initialization could prevent Op Modes from stopping Fixes issue where AndroidTextToSpeech.speak() would fail if it was called too early Adds telemetry.speak() methods and blocks, which cause the Driver Station (if also updated) to speak text Adds and improves Expansion Hub-related warnings Improves Expansion Hub low battery warning Displays the warning immediately after the hub reports it Specifies whether the condition is current or occurred temporarily during an OpMode run Displays which hubs reported low battery Displays warning when hub loses and regains power during an OpMode run Fixes the hub's LED pattern after this condition Displays warning when Expansion Hub is not responding to commands Specifies whether the condition is current or occurred temporarily during an OpMode run Clarifies warning when Expansion Hub is not present at startup Specifies that this condition requires a Robot Restart before the hub can be used. The hub light will now accurately reflect this state Improves logging and reduces log spam during these conditions Syncs the Control Hub time and timezone to a connected web browser programming the robot, if a Driver Station is not available. Adds bulk read functionality for REV Hubs A bulk caching mode must be set at the Hub level with LynxModule#setBulkCachingMode(). This applies to all relevant SDK hardware classes that reference that Hub. The following following Hub bulk caching modes are available: BulkCachingMode.OFF (default): All hardware calls operate as usual. Bulk data can read through LynxModule#getBulkData() and processed manually. BulkCachingMode.AUTO: Applicable hardware calls are served from a bulk read cache that is cleared/refreshed automatically to ensure identical commands don't hit the same cache. The cache can also be cleared manually with LynxModule#clearBulkCache(), although this is not recommended. (advanced users) BulkCachingMode.MANUAL: Same as BulkCachingMode.AUTO except the cache is never cleared automatically. To avoid getting stale data, the cache must be manually cleared at the beginning of each loop body or as the user deems appropriate. Removes PIDF Annotation values added in Rev 5.3 (to AndyMark, goBILDA and TETRIX motor configurations). The new motor types will still be available but their Default control behavior will revert back to Rev 5.2 Adds new ConceptMotorBulkRead sample Opmode to demonstrate and compare Motor Bulk-Read modes for reducing I/O latencies. Version 5.3 (20191004-112306) Fixes external USB/UVC webcam support Makes various bugfixes and improvements to Blocks page, including but not limited to: Many visual tweaks Browser zoom and window resize behave better Resizing the Java preview pane works better and more consistently across browsers The Java preview pane consistently gets scrollbars when needed The Java preview pane is hidden by default on phones Internet Explorer 11 should work Large dropdown lists display properly on lower res screens Disabled buttons are now visually identifiable as disabled A warning is shown if a user selects a TFOD sample, but their device is not compatible Warning messages in a Blocks op mode are now visible by default. Adds goBILDA 5201 and 5202 motors to Robot Configurator Adds PIDF Annotation values to AndyMark, goBILDA and TETRIX motor configurations. This has the effect of causing the RUN_USING_ENCODERS and RUN_TO_POSITION modes to use PIDF vs PID closed loop control on these motors. This should provide more responsive, yet stable, speed control. PIDF adds Feedforward control to the basic PID control loop. Feedforward is useful when controlling a motor's speed because it "anticipates" how much the control voltage must change to achieve a new speed set-point, rather than requiring the integrated error to change sufficiently. The PIDF values were chosen to provide responsive, yet stable, speed control on a lightly loaded motor. The more heavily a motor is loaded (drag or friction), the more noticable the PIDF improvement will be. Fixes startup crash on Android 10 Fixes ftc_app issue #712 (thanks to FROGbots-4634) Fixes ftc_app issue #542 Allows "A" and lowercase letters when naming device through RC and DS apps. Version 5.2 (20190905-083277) Fixes extra-wide margins on settings activities, and placement of the new configuration button Adds Skystone Vuforia image target data. Includes sample Skystone Vuforia Navigation op modes (Java). Includes sample Skystone Vuforia Navigation op modes (Blocks). Adds TensorFlow inference model (.tflite) for Skystone game elements. Includes sample Skystone TensorFlow op modes (Java). Includes sample Skystone TensorFlow op modes (Blocks). Removes older (season-specific) sample op modes. Includes 64-bit support (to comply with Google Play requirements). Protects against Stuck OpModes when a Restart Robot is requested. (Thanks to FROGbots-4634) (ftc_app issue #709) Blocks related changes: Fixes bug with blocks generated code when hardware device name is a java or javascript reserved word. Shows generated java code for blocks, even when hardware items are missing from the active configuration. Displays warning icon when outdated Vuforia and TensorFlow blocks are used (SkyStone issue #27) Version 5.1 (20190820-222104) Defines default PIDF parameters for the following motors: REV Core Hex Motor REV 20:1 HD Hex Motor REV 40:1 HD Hex Motor Adds back button when running on a device without a system back button (such as a Control Hub) Allows a REV Control Hub to update the firmware on a REV Expansion Hub via USB Fixes SkyStone issue #9 Fixes ftc_app issue #715 Prevents extra DS User clicks by filtering based on current state. Prevents incorrect DS UI state changes when receiving new OpMode list from RC Adds support for REV Color Sensor V3 Adds a manual-refresh DS Camera Stream for remotely viewing RC camera frames. To show the stream on the DS, initialize but do not run a stream-enabled opmode, select the Camera Stream option in the DS menu, and tap the image to refresh. This feature is automatically enabled when using Vuforia or TFOD—no additional RC configuration is required for typical use cases. To hide the stream, select the same menu item again. Note that gamepads are disabled and the selected opmode cannot be started while the stream is open as a safety precaution. To use custom streams, consult the API docs for CameraStreamServer#setSource and CameraStreamSource. Adds many Star Wars sounds to RobotController resources. Added SKYSTONE Sounds Chooser Sample Program. Switches out startup, connect chimes, and error/warning sounds for Star Wars sounds Updates OnBot Java to use a WebSocket for communication with the robot The OnBot Java page no longer has to do a full refresh when a user switches from editing one file to another Known issues: Camera Stream The Vuforia camera stream inherits the issues present in the phone preview (namely ftc_app issue #574). This problem does not affect the TFOD camera stream even though it receives frames from Vuforia. The orientation of the stream frames may not always match the phone preview. For now, these frames may be rotated manually via a custom CameraStreamSource if desired. OnBotJava Browser back button may not always work correctly It's possible for a build to be queued, but not started. The OnBot Java build console will display a warning if this occurs. A user might not realize they are editing a different file if the user inadvertently switches from one file to another since this switch is now seamless. The name of the currently open file is displayed in the browser tab. Version 5.0 (built on 19.06.14) Support for the REV Robotics Control Hub. Adds a Java preview pane to the Blocks editor. Adds a new offline export feature to the Blocks editor. Display wifi channel in Network circle on Driver Station. Adds calibration for Logitech C270 Updates build tooling and target SDK. Compliance with Google's permissions infrastructure (Required after build tooling update). Keep Alives to mitigate the Motorola wifi scanning problem. Telemetry substitute no longer necessary. Improves Vuforia error reporting. Fixes ftctechnh/ftc_app issues 621, 713. Miscellaneous bug fixes and improvements. Version 4.3 (built on 18.10.31) Includes missing TensorFlow-related libraries and files. Version 4.2 (built on 18.10.30) Includes fix to avoid deadlock situation with WatchdogMonitor which could result in USB communication errors. Comm error appeared to require that user disconnect USB cable and restart the Robot Controller app to recover. robotControllerLog.txt would have error messages that included the words "E RobotCore: lynx xmit lock: #### abandoning lock:" Includes fix to correctly list the parent module address for a REV Robotics Expansion Hub in a configuration (.xml) file. Bug in versions 4.0 and 4.1 would incorrect list the address module for a parent REV Robotics device as "1". If the parent module had a higher address value than the daisy-chained module, then this bug would prevent the Robot Controller from communicating with the downstream Expansion Hub. Added requirement for ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION to allow a Driver Station running Android Oreo to scan for Wi-Fi Direct devices. Added google() repo to build.gradle because aapt2 must be downloaded from the google() repository beginning with version 3.2 of the Android Gradle Plugin. Important Note: Android Studio users will need to be connected to the Internet the first time build the ftc_app project. Internet connectivity is required for the first build so the appropriate files can be downloaded from the Google repository. Users should not need to be connected to the Internet for subsequent builds. This should also fix buid issue where Android Studio would complain that it "Could not find com.android.tools.lint:lint-gradle:26.1.4" (or similar). Added support for REV Spark Mini motor controller as part of the configuration menu for a servo/PWM port on the REV Expansion Hub. Provide examples for playing audio files in an Op Mode. Block Development Tool Changes Includes a fix for a problem with the Velocity blocks that were reported in the FTC Technology forum (Blocks Programming subforum). Change the "Save completed successfully." message to a white color so it will contrast with a green background. Fixed the "Download image" feature so it will work if there are text blocks in the op mode. Introduce support for Google's TensorFlow Lite technology for object detetion for 2018-2019 game. TensorFlow lite can recognize Gold Mineral and Silver Mineral from 2018-2019 game. Example Java and Block op modes are included to show how to determine the relative position of the gold block (left, center, right). Version 4.1 (released on 18.09.24) Changes include: Fix to prevent crash when deprecated configuration annotations are used. Change to allow FTC Robot Controller APK to be auto-updated using FIRST Global Control Hub update scripts. Removed samples for non supported / non legal hardware. Improvements to Telemetry.addData block with "text" socket. Updated Blocks sample op mode list to include Rover Ruckus Vuforia example. Update SDK library version number. Version 4.0 (released on 18.09.12) Changes include: Initial support for UVC compatible cameras If UVC camera has a unique serial number, RC will detect and enumerate by serial number. If UVC camera lacks a unique serial number, RC will only support one camera of that type connected. Calibration settings for a few cameras are included (see TeamCode/src/main/res/xml/teamwebcamcalibrations.xml for details). User can upload calibration files from Program and Manage web interface. UVC cameras seem to draw a fair amount of electrical current from the USB bus. This does not appear to present any problems for the REV Robotics Control Hub. This does seem to create stability problems when using some cameras with an Android phone-based Robot Controller. FTC Tech Team is investigating options to mitigate this issue with the phone-based Robot Controllers. Updated sample Vuforia Navigation and VuMark Op Modes to demonstrate how to use an internal phone-based camera and an external UVC webcam. Support for improved motor control. REV Robotics Expansion Hub firmware 1.8 and greater will support a feed forward mechanism for closed loop motor control. FTC SDK has been modified to support PIDF coefficients (proportional, integral, derivative, and feed forward). FTC Blocks development tool modified to include PIDF programming blocks. Deprecated older PID-related methods and variables. REV's 1.8.x PIDF-related changes provide a more linear and accurate way to control a motor. Wireless Added 5GHz support for wireless channel changing for those devices that support it. Tested with Moto G5 and E4 phones. Also tested with other (currently non-approved) phones such as Samsung Galaxy S8. Improved Expansion Hub firmware update support in Robot Controller app Changes to make the system more robust during the firmware update process (when performed through Robot Controller app). User no longer has to disconnect a downstream daisy-chained Expansion Hub when updating an Expansion Hub's firmware. If user is updating an Expansion Hub's firmware through a USB connection, he/she does not have to disconnect RS485 connection to other Expansion Hubs. The user still must use a USB connection to update an Expansion Hub's firmware. The user cannot update the Expansion Hub firmware for a downstream device that is daisy chained through an RS485 connection. If an Expansion Hub accidentally gets "bricked" the Robot Controller app is now more likely to recognize the Hub when it scans the USB bus. Robot Controller app should be able to detect an Expansion Hub, even if it accidentally was bricked in a previous update attempt. Robot Controller app should be able to install the firmware onto the Hub, even if if accidentally was bricked in a previous update attempt. Resiliency FTC software can detect and enable an FTDI reset feature that is available with REV Robotics v1.8 Expansion Hub firmware and greater. When enabled, the Expansion Hub can detect if it hasn't communicated with the Robot Controller over the FTDI (USB) connection. If the Hub hasn't heard from the Robot Controller in a while, it will reset the FTDI connection. This action helps system recover from some ESD-induced disruptions. Various fixes to improve reliability of FTC software. Blocks Fixed errors with string and list indices in blocks export to java. Support for USB connected UVC webcams. Refactored optimized Blocks Vuforia code to support Rover Ruckus image targets. Added programming blocks to support PIDF (proportional, integral, derivative and feed forward) motor control. Added formatting options (under Telemetry and Miscellaneous categories) so user can set how many decimal places to display a numerical value. Support to play audio files (which are uploaded through Blocks web interface) on Driver Station in addition to the Robot Controller. Fixed bug with Download Image of Blocks feature. Support for REV Robotics Blinkin LED Controller. Support for REV Robotics 2m Distance Sensor. Added support for a REV Touch Sensor (no longer have to configure as a generic digital device). Added blocks for DcMotorEx methods. These are enhanced methods that you can use when supported by the motor controller hardware. The REV Robotics Expansion Hub supports these enhanced methods. Enhanced methods include methods to get/set motor velocity (in encoder pulses per second), get/set PIDF coefficients, etc.. Modest Improvements in Logging Decrease frequency of battery checker voltage statements. Removed non-FTC related log statements (wherever possible). Introduced a "Match Logging" feature. Under "Settings" a user can enable/disable this feature (it's disabled by default). If enabled, user provides a "Match Number" through the Driver Station user interface (top of the screen). The Match Number is used to create a log file specifically with log statements from that particular Op Mode run. Match log files are stored in /sdcard/FIRST/matlogs on the Robot Controller. Once an op mode run is complete, the Match Number is cleared. This is a convenient way to create a separate match log with statements only related to a specific op mode run. New Devices Support for REV Robotics Blinkin LED Controller. Support for REV Robotics 2m Distance Sensor. Added configuration option for REV 20:1 HD Hex Motor. Added support for a REV Touch Sensor (no longer have to configure as a generic digital device). Miscellaneous Fixed some errors in the definitions for acceleration and velocity in our javadoc documentation. Added ability to play audio files on Driver Station When user is configuring an Expansion Hub, the LED on the Expansion Hub will change blink pattern (purple-cyan) to indicate which Hub is currently being configured. Renamed I2cSensorType to I2cDeviceType. Added an external sample Op Mode that demonstrates localization using 2018-2019 (Rover Ruckus presented by QualComm) Vuforia targets. Added an external sample Op Mode that demonstrates how to use the REV Robotics 2m Laser Distance Sensor. Added an external sample Op Mode that demonstrates how to use the REV Robotics Blinkin LED Controller. Re-categorized external Java sample Op Modes to "TeleOp" instead of "Autonomous". Known issues: Initial support for UVC compatible cameras UVC cameras seem to draw significant amount of current from the USB bus. This does not appear to present any problems for the REV Robotics Control Hub. This does seem to create stability problems when using some cameras with an Android phone-based Robot Controller. FTC Tech Team is investigating options to mitigate this issue with the phone-based Robot Controllers. There might be a possible deadlock which causes the RC to become unresponsive when using a UVC webcam with a Nougat Android Robot Controller. Wireless When user selects a wireless channel, this channel does not necessarily persist if the phone is power cycled. Tech Team is hoping to eventually address this issue in a future release. Issue has been present since apps were introduced (i.e., it is not new with the v4.0 release). Wireless channel is not currently displayed for WiFi Direct connections. Miscellaneous The blink indication feature that shows which Expansion Hub is currently being configured does not work for a newly created configuration file. User has to first save a newly created configuration file and then close and re-edit the file in order for blink indicator to work. Version 3.6 (built on 17.12.18) Changes include: Blocks Changes Uses updated Google Blockly software to allow users to edit their op modes on Apple iOS devices (including iPad and iPhone). Improvement in Blocks tool to handle corrupt op mode files. Autonomous op modes should no longer get switched back to tele-op after re-opening them to be edited. The system can now detect type mismatches during runtime and alert the user with a message on the Driver Station. Updated javadoc documentation for setPower() method to reflect correct range of values (-1 to +1). Modified VuforiaLocalizerImpl to allow for user rendering of frames Added a user-overrideable onRenderFrame() method which gets called by the class's renderFrame() method. Version 3.5 (built on 17.10.30) Changes with version 3.5 include: Introduced a fix to prevent random op mode stops, which can occur after the Robot Controller app has been paused and then resumed (for example, when a user temporarily turns off the display of the Robot Controller phone, and then turns the screen back on). Introduced a fix to prevent random op mode stops, which were previously caused by random peer disconnect events on the Driver Station. Fixes issue where log files would be closed on pause of the RC or DS, but not re-opened upon resume. Fixes issue with battery handler (voltage) start/stop race. Fixes issue where Android Studio generated op modes would disappear from available list in certain situations. Fixes problem where OnBot Java would not build on REV Robotics Control Hub. Fixes problem where OnBot Java would not build if the date and time on the Robot Controller device was "rewound" (set to an earlier date/time). Improved error message on OnBot Java that occurs when renaming a file fails. Removed unneeded resources from android.jar binaries used by OnBot Java to reduce final size of Robot Controller app. Added MR_ANALOG_TOUCH_SENSOR block to Blocks Programming Tool. Version 3.4 (built on 17.09.06) Changes with version 3.4 include: Added telemetry.update() statement for BlankLinearOpMode template. Renamed sample Block op modes to be more consistent with Java samples. Added some additional sample Block op modes. Reworded OnBot Java readme slightly. Version 3.3 (built on 17.09.04) This version of the software includes improves for the FTC Blocks Programming Tool and the OnBot Java Programming Tool. Changes with verion 3.3 include: Android Studio ftc_app project has been updated to use Gradle Plugin 2.3.3. Android Studio ftc_app project is already using gradle 3.5 distribution. Robot Controller log has been renamed to /sdcard/RobotControllerLog.txt (note that this change was actually introduced w/ v3.2). Improvements in I2C reliability. Optimized I2C read for REV Expansion Hub, with v1.7 firmware or greater. Updated all external/samples (available through OnBot and in Android project folder). Vuforia Added support for VuMarks that will be used for the 2017-2018 season game. Blocks Update to latest Google Blockly release. Sample op modes can be selected as a template when creating new op mode. Fixed bug where the blocks would disappear temporarily when mouse button is held down. Added blocks for Range.clip and Range.scale. User can now disable/enable Block op modes. Fix to prevent occasional Blocks deadlock. OnBot Java Significant improvements with autocomplete function for OnBot Java editor. Sample op modes can be selected as a template when creating new op mode. Fixes and changes to complete hardware setup feature. Updated (and more useful) onBot welcome message. Known issues: Android Studio After updating to the new v3.3 Android Studio project folder, if you get error messages indicating "InvalidVirtualFileAccessException" then you might need to do a File->Invalidate Caches / Restart to clear the error. OnBot Java Sometimes when you push the build button to build all op modes, the RC returns an error message that the build failed. If you press the build button a second time, the build typically suceeds. Version 3.2 (built on 17.08.02) This version of the software introduces the "OnBot Java" Development Tool. Similar to the FTC Blocks Development Tool, the FTC OnBot Java Development Tool allows a user to create, edit and build op modes dynamically using only a Javascript-enabled web browser. The OnBot Java Development Tool is an integrated development environment (IDE) that is served up by the Robot Controller. Op modes are created and edited using a Javascript-enabled browser (Google Chromse is recommended). Op modes are saved on the Robot Controller Android device directly. The OnBot Java Development Tool provides a Java programming environment that does NOT need Android Studio. Changes with version 3.2 include: Enhanced web-based development tools Introduction of OnBot Java Development Tool. Web-based programming and management features are "always on" (user no longer needs to put Robot Controller into programming mode). Web-based management interface (where user can change Robot Controller name and also easily download Robot Controller log file). OnBot Java, Blocks and Management features available from web based interface. Blocks Programming Development Tool: Changed "LynxI2cColorRangeSensor" block to "REV Color/range sensor" block. Fixed tooltip for ColorSensor.isLightOn block. Added blocks for ColorSensor.getNormalizedColors and LynxI2cColorRangeSensor.getNormalizedColors. Added example op modes for digital touch sensor and REV Robotics Color Distance sensor. User selectable color themes. Includes many minor enhancements and fixes (too numerous to list). Known issues: Auto complete function is incomplete and does not support the following (for now): Access via this keyword Access via super keyword Members of the super cloass, not overridden by the class Any methods provided in the current class Inner classes Can't handle casted objects Any objects coming from an parenthetically enclosed expression Version 3.10 (built on 17.05.09) This version of the software provides support for the REV Robotics Expansion Hub. This version also includes improvements in the USB communication layer in an effort to enhance system resiliency. If you were using a 2.x version of the software previously, updating to version 3.1 requires that you also update your Driver Station software in addition to updating the Robot Controller software. Also note that in version 3.10 software, the setMaxSpeed and getMaxSpeed methods are no longer available (not deprecated, they have been removed from the SDK). Also note that the the new 3.x software incorporates motor profiles that a user can select as he/she configures the robot. Changes include: Blocks changes Added VuforiaTrackableDefaultListener.getPose and Vuforia.trackPose blocks. Added optimized blocks support for Vuforia extended tracking. Added atan2 block to the math category. Added useCompetitionFieldTargetLocations parameter to Vuforia.initialize block. If set to false, the target locations are placed at (0,0,0) with target orientation as specified in https://github.com/gearsincorg/FTCVuforiaDemo/blob/master/Robot_Navigation.java tutorial op mode. Incorporates additional improvements to USB comm layer to improve system resiliency (to recover from a greater number of communication disruptions). Additional Notes Regarding Version 3.00 (built on 17.04.13) In addition to the release changes listed below (see section labeled "Version 3.00 (built on 17.04.013)"), version 3.00 has the following important changes: Version 3.00 software uses a new version of the FTC Robocol (robot protocol). If you upgrade to v3.0 on the Robot Controller and/or Android Studio side, you must also upgrade the Driver Station software to match the new Robocol. Version 3.00 software removes the setMaxSpeed and getMaxSpeed methods from the DcMotor class. If you have an op mode that formerly used these methods, you will need to remove the references/calls to these methods. Instead, v3.0 provides the max speed information through the use of motor profiles that are selected by the user during robot configuration. Version 3.00 software currently does not have a mechanism to disable extra i2c sensors. We hope to re-introduce this function with a release in the near future. Version 3.00 (built on 17.04.13) *** Use this version of the software at YOUR OWN RISK!!! *** This software is being released as an "alpha" version. Use this version at your own risk! This pre-release software contains SIGNIFICANT changes, including changes to the Wi-Fi Direct pairing mechanism, rewrites of the I2C sensor classes, changes to the USB/FTDI layer, and the introduction of support for the REV Robotics Expansion Hub and the REV Robotics color-range-light sensor. These changes were implemented to improve the reliability and resiliency of the FTC control system. Please note, however, that version 3.00 is considered "alpha" code. This code is being released so that the FIRST community will have an opportunity to test the new REV Expansion Hub electronics module when it becomes available in May. The developers do not recommend using this code for critical applications (i.e., competition use). *** Use this version of the software at YOUR OWN RISK!!! *** Changes include: Major rework of sensor-related infrastructure. Includes rewriting sensor classes to implement synchronous I2C communication. Fix to reset Autonomous timer back to 30 seconds. Implementation of specific motor profiles for approved 12V motors (includes Tetrix, AndyMark, Matrix and REV models). Modest improvements to enhance Wi-Fi P2P pairing. Fixes telemetry log addition race. Publishes all the sources (not just a select few). Includes Block programming improvements Addition of optimized Vuforia blocks. Auto scrollbar to projects and sounds pages. Fixed blocks paste bug. Blocks execute after while-opModeIsActive loop (to allow for cleanup before exiting op mode). Added gyro integratedZValue block. Fixes bug with projects page for Firefox browser. Added IsSpeaking block to AndroidTextToSpeech. Implements support for the REV Robotics Expansion Hub Implements support for integral REV IMU (physically installed on I2C bus 0, uses same Bosch BNO055 9 axis absolute orientation sensor as Adafruit 9DOF abs orientation sensor). - Implements support for REV color/range/light sensor. Provides support to update Expansion Hub firmware through FTC SDK. Detects REV firmware version and records in log file. Includes support for REV Control Hub (note that the REV Control Hub is not yet approved for FTC use). Implements FTC Blocks programming support for REV Expansion Hub and sensor hardware. Detects and alerts when I2C device disconnect. Version 2.62 (built on 17.01.07) Added null pointer check before calling modeToByte() in finishModeSwitchIfNecessary method for ModernRoboticsUsbDcMotorController class. Changes to enhance Modern Robotics USB protocol robustness. Version 2.61 (released on 16.12.19) Blocks Programming mode changes: Fix to correct issue when an exception was thrown because an OpticalDistanceSensor object appears twice in the hardware map (the second time as a LightSensor). Version 2.6 (released on 16.12.16) Fixes for Gyro class: Improve (decrease) sensor refresh latency. fix isCalibrating issues. Blocks Programming mode changes: Blocks now ignores a device in the configuration xml if the name is empty. Other devices work in configuration work fine. Version 2.5 (internal release on released on 16.12.13) Blocks Programming mode changes: Added blocks support for AdafruitBNO055IMU. Added Download Op Mode button to FtcBocks.html. Added support for copying blocks in one OpMode and pasting them in an other OpMode. The clipboard content is stored on the phone, so the programming mode server must be running. Modified Utilities section of the toolbox. In Programming Mode, display information about the active connections. Fixed paste location when workspace has been scrolled. Added blocks support for the android Accelerometer. Fixed issue where Blocks Upload Op Mode truncated name at first dot. Added blocks support for Android SoundPool. Added type safety to blocks for Acceleration. Added type safety to blocks for AdafruitBNO055IMU.Parameters. Added type safety to blocks for AnalogInput. Added type safety to blocks for AngularVelocity. Added type safety to blocks for Color. Added type safety to blocks for ColorSensor. Added type safety to blocks for CompassSensor. Added type safety to blocks for CRServo. Added type safety to blocks for DigitalChannel. Added type safety to blocks for ElapsedTime. Added type safety to blocks for Gamepad. Added type safety to blocks for GyroSensor. Added type safety to blocks for IrSeekerSensor. Added type safety to blocks for LED. Added type safety to blocks for LightSensor. Added type safety to blocks for LinearOpMode. Added type safety to blocks for MagneticFlux. Added type safety to blocks for MatrixF. Added type safety to blocks for MrI2cCompassSensor. Added type safety to blocks for MrI2cRangeSensor. Added type safety to blocks for OpticalDistanceSensor. Added type safety to blocks for Orientation. Added type safety to blocks for Position. Added type safety to blocks for Quaternion. Added type safety to blocks for Servo. Added type safety to blocks for ServoController. Added type safety to blocks for Telemetry. Added type safety to blocks for Temperature. Added type safety to blocks for TouchSensor. Added type safety to blocks for UltrasonicSensor. Added type safety to blocks for VectorF. Added type safety to blocks for Velocity. Added type safety to blocks for VoltageSensor. Added type safety to blocks for VuforiaLocalizer.Parameters. Added type safety to blocks for VuforiaTrackable. Added type safety to blocks for VuforiaTrackables. Added type safety to blocks for enums in AdafruitBNO055IMU.Parameters. Added type safety to blocks for AndroidAccelerometer, AndroidGyroscope, AndroidOrientation, and AndroidTextToSpeech. Version 2.4 (released on 16.11.13) Fix to avoid crashing for nonexistent resources. Blocks Programming mode changes: Added blocks to support OpenGLMatrix, MatrixF, and VectorF. Added blocks to support AngleUnit, AxesOrder, AxesReference, CameraDirection, CameraMonitorFeedback, DistanceUnit, and TempUnit. Added blocks to support Acceleration. Added blocks to support LinearOpMode.getRuntime. Added blocks to support MagneticFlux and Position. Fixed typos. Made blocks for ElapsedTime more consistent with other objects. Added blocks to support Quaternion, Velocity, Orientation, AngularVelocity. Added blocks to support VuforiaTrackables, VuforiaTrackable, VuforiaLocalizer, VuforiaTrackableDefaultListener. Fixed a few blocks. Added type checking to new blocks. Updated to latest blockly. Added default variable blocks to navigation and matrix blocks. Fixed toolbox entry for openGLMatrix_rotation_withAxesArgs. When user downloads Blocks-generated op mode, only the .blk file is downloaded. When user uploads Blocks-generated op mode (.blk file), Javascript code is auto generated. Added DbgLog support. Added logging when a blocks file is read/written. Fixed bug to properly render blocks even if missing devices from configuration file. Added support for additional characters (not just alphanumeric) for the block file names (for download and upload). Added support for OpMode flavor (“Autonomous” or “TeleOp”) and group. Changes to Samples to prevent tutorial issues. Incorporated suggested changes from public pull 216 (“Replace .. paths”). Remove Servo Glitches when robot stopped. if user hits “Cancels” when editing a configuration file, clears the unsaved changes and reverts to original unmodified configuration. Added log info to help diagnose why the Robot Controller app was terminated (for example, by watch dog function). Added ability to transfer log from the controller. Fixed inconsistency for AngularVelocity Limit unbounded growth of data for telemetry. If user does not call telemetry.update() for LinearOpMode in a timely manner, data added for telemetry might get lost if size limit is exceeded. Version 2.35 (released on 16.10.06) Blockly programming mode - Removed unnecesary idle() call from blocks for new project. Version 2.30 (released on 16.10.05) Blockly programming mode: Mechanism added to save Blockly op modes from Programming Mode Server onto local device To avoid clutter, blocks are displayed in categorized folders Added support for DigitalChannel Added support for ModernRoboticsI2cCompassSensor Added support for ModernRoboticsI2cRangeSensor Added support for VoltageSensor Added support for AnalogInput Added support for AnalogOutput Fix for CompassSensor setMode block Vuforia Fix deadlock / make camera data available while Vuforia is running. Update to Vuforia 6.0.117 (recommended by Vuforia and Google to close security loophole). Fix for autonomous 30 second timer bug (where timer was in effect, even though it appeared to have timed out). opModeIsActive changes to allow cleanup after op mode is stopped (with enforced 2 second safety timeout). Fix to avoid reading i2c twice. Updated sample Op Modes. Improved logging and fixed intermittent freezing. Added digital I/O sample. Cleaned up device names in sample op modes to be consistent with Pushbot guide. Fix to allow use of IrSeekerSensorV3. Version 2.20 (released on 16.09.08) Support for Modern Robotics Compass Sensor. Support for Modern Robotics Range Sensor. Revise device names for Pushbot templates to match the names used in Pushbot guide. Fixed bug so that IrSeekerSensorV3 device is accessible as IrSeekerSensor in hardwareMap. Modified computer vision code to require an individual Vuforia license (per legal requirement from PTC). Minor fixes. Blockly enhancements: Support for Voltage Sensor. Support for Analog Input. Support for Analog Output. Support for Light Sensor. Support for Servo Controller. Version 2.10 (released on 16.09.03) Support for Adafruit IMU. Improvements to ModernRoboticsI2cGyro class Block on reset of z axis. isCalibrating() returns true while gyro is calibration. Updated sample gyro program. Blockly enhancements support for android.graphics.Color. added support for ElapsedTime. improved look and legibility of blocks. support for compass sensor. support for ultrasonic sensor. support for IrSeeker. support for LED. support for color sensor. support for CRServo prompt user to configure robot before using programming mode. Provides ability to disable audio cues. various bug fixes and improvements. Version 2.00 (released on 16.08.19) This is the new release for the upcoming 2016-2017 FIRST Tech Challenge Season. Channel change is enabled in the FTC Robot Controller app for Moto G 2nd and 3rd Gen phones. Users can now use annotations to register/disable their Op Modes. Changes in the Android SDK, JDK and build tool requirements (minsdk=19, java 1.7, build tools 23.0.3). Standardized units in analog input. Cleaned up code for existing analog sensor classes. setChannelMode and getChannelMode were REMOVED from the DcMotorController class. This is important - we no longer set the motor modes through the motor controller. setMode and getMode were added to the DcMotor class. ContinuousRotationServo class has been added to the FTC SDK. Range.clip() method has been overloaded so it can support this operation for int, short and byte integers. Some changes have been made (new methods added) on how a user can access items from the hardware map. Users can now set the zero power behavior for a DC motor so that the motor will brake or float when power is zero. Prototype Blockly Programming Mode has been added to FTC Robot Controller. Users can place the Robot Controller into this mode, and then use a device (such as a laptop) that has a Javascript enabled browser to write Blockly-based Op Modes directly onto the Robot Controller. Users can now configure the robot remotely through the FTC Driver Station app. Android Studio project supports Android Studio 2.1.x and compile SDK Version 23 (Marshmallow). Vuforia Computer Vision SDK integrated into FTC SDK. Users can use sample vision targets to get localization information on a standard FTC field. Project structure has been reorganized so that there is now a TeamCode package that users can use to place their local/custom Op Modes into this package. Inspection function has been integrated into the FTC Robot Controller and Driver Station Apps (Thanks Team HazMat… 9277 & 10650!). Audio cues have been incorporated into FTC SDK. Swap mechanism added to FTC Robot Controller configuration activity. For example, if you have two motor controllers on a robot, and you misidentified them in your configuration file, you can use the Swap button to swap the devices within the configuration file (so you do not have to manually re-enter in the configuration info for the two devices). Fix mechanism added to all user to replace an electronic module easily. For example, suppose a servo controller dies on your robot. You replace the broken module with a new module, which has a different serial number from the original servo controller. You can use the Fix button to automatically reconfigure your configuration file to use the serial number of the new module. Improvements made to fix resiliency and responsiveness of the system. For LinearOpMode the user now must for a telemetry.update() to update the telemetry data on the driver station. This update() mechanism ensures that the driver station gets the updated data properly and at the same time. The Auto Configure function of the Robot Controller is now template based. If there is a commonly used robot configuration, a template can be created so that the Auto Configure mechanism can be used to quickly configure a robot of this type. The logic to detect a runaway op mode (both in the LinearOpMode and OpMode types) and to abort the run, then auto recover has been improved/implemented. Fix has been incorporated so that Logitech F310 gamepad mappings will be correct for Marshmallow users. Release 16.07.08 For the ftc_app project, the gradle files have been modified to support Android Studio 2.1.x. Release 16.03.30 For the MIT App Inventor, the design blocks have new icons that better represent the function of each design component. Some changes were made to the shutdown logic to ensure the robust shutdown of some of our USB services. A change was made to LinearOpMode so as to allow a given instance to be executed more than once, which is required for the App Inventor. Javadoc improved/updated. Release 16.03.09 Changes made to make the FTC SDK synchronous (significant change!) waitOneFullHardwareCycle() and waitForNextHardwareCycle() are no longer needed and have been deprecated. runOpMode() (for a LinearOpMode) is now decoupled from the system's hardware read/write thread. loop() (for an OpMode) is now decoupled from the system's hardware read/write thread. Methods are synchronous. For example, if you call setMode(DcMotorController.RunMode.RESET_ENCODERS) for a motor, the encoder is guaranteed to be reset when the method call is complete. For legacy module (NXT compatible), user no longer has to toggle between read and write modes when reading from or writing to a legacy device. Changes made to enhance reliability/robustness during ESD event. Changes made to make code thread safe. Debug keystore added so that user-generated robot controller APKs will all use the same signed key (to avoid conflicts if a team has multiple developer laptops for example). Firmware version information for Modern Robotics modules are now logged. Changes made to improve USB comm reliability and robustness. Added support for voltage indicator for legacy (NXT-compatible) motor controllers. Changes made to provide auto stop capabilities for op modes. A LinearOpMode class will stop when the statements in runOpMode() are complete. User does not have to push the stop button on the driver station. If an op mode is stopped by the driver station, but there is a run away/uninterruptible thread persisting, the app will log an error message then force itself to crash to stop the runaway thread. Driver Station UI modified to display lowest measured voltage below current voltage (12V battery). Driver Station UI modified to have color background for current voltage (green=good, yellow=caution, red=danger, extremely low voltage). javadoc improved (edits and additional classes). Added app build time to About activity for driver station and robot controller apps. Display local IP addresses on Driver Station About activity. Added I2cDeviceSynchImpl. Added I2cDeviceSync interface. Added seconds() and milliseconds() to ElapsedTime for clarity. Added getCallbackCount() to I2cDevice. Added missing clearI2cPortActionFlag. Added code to create log messages while waiting for LinearOpMode shutdown. Fix so Wifi Direct Config activity will no longer launch multiple times. Added the ability to specify an alternate i2c address in software for the Modern Robotics gyro. Release 16.02.09 Improved battery checker feature so that voltage values get refreshed regularly (every 250 msec) on Driver Station (DS) user interface. Improved software so that Robot Controller (RC) is much more resilient and “self-healing” to USB disconnects: If user attempts to start/restart RC with one or more module missing, it will display a warning but still start up. When running an op mode, if one or more modules gets disconnected, the RC & DS will display warnings,and robot will keep on working in spite of the missing module(s). If a disconnected module gets physically reconnected the RC will auto detect the module and the user will regain control of the recently connected module. Warning messages are more helpful (identifies the type of module that’s missing plus its USB serial number). Code changes to fix the null gamepad reference when users try to reference the gamepads in the init() portion of their op mode. NXT light sensor output is now properly scaled. Note that teams might have to readjust their light threshold values in their op modes. On DS user interface, gamepad icon for a driver will disappear if the matching gamepad is disconnected or if that gamepad gets designated as a different driver. Robot Protocol (ROBOCOL) version number info is displayed in About screen on RC and DS apps. Incorporated a display filter on pairing screen to filter out devices that don’t use the “-“ format. This filter can be turned off to show all WiFi Direct devices. Updated text in License file. Fixed formatting error in OpticalDistanceSensor.toString(). Fixed issue on with a blank (“”) device name that would disrupt WiFi Direct Pairing. Made a change so that the WiFi info and battery info can be displayed more quickly on the DS upon connecting to RC. Improved javadoc generation. Modified code to make it easier to support language localization in the future. Release 16.01.04 Updated compileSdkVersion for apps Prevent Wifi from entering power saving mode removed unused import from driver station Corrrected "Dead zone" joystick code. LED.getDeviceName and .getConnectionInfo() return null apps check for ROBOCOL_VERSION mismatch Fix for Telemetry also has off-by-one errors in its data string sizing / short size limitations error User telemetry output is sorted. added formatting variants to DbgLog and RobotLog APIs code modified to allow for a long list of op mode names. changes to improve thread safety of RobocolDatagramSocket Fix for "missing hardware leaves robot controller disconnected from driver station" error fix for "fast tapping of Init/Start causes problems" (toast is now only instantiated on UI thread). added some log statements for thread life cycle. moved gamepad reset logic inside of initActiveOpMode() for robustness changes made to mitigate risk of race conditions on public methods. changes to try and flag when WiFi Direct name contains non-printable characters. fix to correct race condition between .run() and .close() in ReadWriteRunnableStandard. updated FTDI driver made ReadWriteRunnableStanard interface public. fixed off-by-one errors in Command constructor moved specific hardware implmentations into their own package. moved specific gamepad implemnatations to the hardware library. changed LICENSE file to new BSD version. fixed race condition when shutting down Modern Robotics USB devices. methods in the ColorSensor classes have been synchronized. corrected isBusy() status to reflect end of motion. corrected "back" button keycode. the notSupported() method of the GyroSensor class was changed to protected (it should not be public). Release 15.11.04.001 Added Support for Modern Robotics Gyro. The GyroSensor class now supports the MR Gyro Sensor. Users can access heading data (about Z axis) Users can also access raw gyro data (X, Y, & Z axes). Example MRGyroTest.java op mode included. Improved error messages More descriptive error messages for exceptions in user code. Updated DcMotor API Enable read mode on new address in setI2cAddress Fix so that driver station app resets the gamepads when switching op modes. USB-related code changes to make USB comm more responsive and to display more explicit error messages. Fix so that USB will recover properly if the USB bus returns garbage data. Fix USB initializtion race condition. Better error reporting during FTDI open. More explicit messages during USB failures. Fixed bug so that USB device is closed if event loop teardown method was not called. Fixed timer UI issue Fixed duplicate name UI bug (Legacy Module configuration). Fixed race condition in EventLoopManager. Fix to keep references stable when updating gamepad. For legacy Matrix motor/servo controllers removed necessity of appending "Motor" and "Servo" to controller names. Updated HT color sensor driver to use constants from ModernRoboticsUsbLegacyModule class. Updated MR color sensor driver to use constants from ModernRoboticsUsbDeviceInterfaceModule class. Correctly handle I2C Address change in all color sensors Updated/cleaned up op modes. Updated comments in LinearI2cAddressChange.java example op mode. Replaced the calls to "setChannelMode" with "setMode" (to match the new of the DcMotor method). Removed K9AutoTime.java op mode. Added MRGyroTest.java op mode (demonstrates how to use MR Gyro Sensor). Added MRRGBExample.java op mode (demonstrates how to use MR Color Sensor). Added HTRGBExample.java op mode (demonstrates how to use HT legacy color sensor). Added MatrixControllerDemo.java (demonstrates how to use legacy Matrix controller). Updated javadoc documentation. Updated release .apk files for Robot Controller and Driver Station apps. Release 15.10.06.002 Added support for Legacy Matrix 9.6V motor/servo controller. Cleaned up build.gradle file. Minor UI and bug fixes for driver station and robot controller apps. Throws error if Ultrasonic sensor (NXT) is not configured for legacy module port 4 or 5. Release 15.08.03.001 New user interfaces for FTC Driver Station and FTC Robot Controller apps. An init() method is added to the OpMode class. For this release, init() is triggered right before the start() method. Eventually, the init() method will be triggered when the user presses an "INIT" button on driver station. The init() and loop() methods are now required (i.e., need to be overridden in the user's op mode). The start() and stop() methods are optional. A new LinearOpMode class is introduced. Teams can use the LinearOpMode mode to create a linear (not event driven) program model. Teams can use blocking statements like Thread.sleep() within a linear op mode. The API for the Legacy Module and Core Device Interface Module have been updated. Support for encoders with the Legacy Module is now working. The hardware loop has been updated for better performance.
santimattius / Kmp ResilientA Kotlin Multiplatform library providing resilience patterns (Timeout, Retry, Circuit Breaker, Rate Limiter, Bulkhead, Hedging, Cache, Fallback) for suspend functions. Compose them declaratively with a small DSL and observe runtime telemetry via Flow.
sindresorhus / Function TimeoutMake a synchronous function have a timeout
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SOYJUN / FTP Implement Based On UDPThe aim of this assignment is to have you do UDP socket client / server programming with a focus on two broad aspects : Setting up the exchange between the client and server in a secure way despite the lack of a formal connection (as in TCP) between the two, so that ‘outsider’ UDP datagrams (broadcast, multicast, unicast - fortuitously or maliciously) cannot intrude on the communication. Introducing application-layer protocol data-transmission reliability, flow control and congestion control in the client and server using TCP-like ARQ sliding window mechanisms. The second item above is much more of a challenge to implement than the first, though neither is particularly trivial. But they are not tightly interdependent; each can be worked on separately at first and then integrated together at a later stage. Apart from the material in Chapters 8, 14 & 22 (especially Sections 22.5 - 22.7), and the experience you gained from the preceding assignment, you will also need to refer to the following : ioctl function (Chapter 17). get_ifi_info function (Section 17.6, Chapter 17). This function will be used by the server code to discover its node’s network interfaces so that it can bind all its interface IP addresses (see Section 22.6). ‘Race’ conditions (Section 20.5, Chapter 20) You also need a thorough understanding of how the TCP protocol implements reliable data transfer, flow control and congestion control. Chapters 17- 24 of TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 by W. Richard Stevens gives a good overview of TCP. Though somewhat dated for some things (it was published in 1994), it remains, overall, a good basic reference. Overview This assignment asks you to implement a primitive file transfer protocol for Unix platforms, based on UDP, and with TCP-like reliability added to the transfer operation using timeouts and sliding-window mechanisms, and implementing flow and congestion control. The server is a concurrent server which can handle multiple clients simultaneously. A client gives the server the name of a file. The server forks off a child which reads directly from the file and transfers the contents over to the client using UDP datagrams. The client prints out the file contents as they come in, in order, with nothing missing and with no duplication of content, directly on to stdout (via the receiver sliding window, of course, but with no other intermediate buffering). The file to be transferred can be of arbitrary length, but its contents are always straightforward ascii text. As an aside let me mention that assuming the file contents ascii is not as restrictive as it sounds. We can always pretend, for example, that binary files are base64 encoded (“ASCII armor”). A real file transfer protocol would, of course, have to worry about transferring files between heterogeneous platforms with different file structure conventions and semantics. The sender would first have to transform the file into a platform-independent, protocol-defined, format (using, say, ASN.1, or some such standard), and the receiver would have to transform the received file into its platform’s native file format. This kind of thing can be fairly time consuming, and is certainly very tedious, to implement, with little educational value - it is not part of this assignment. Arguments for the server You should provide the server with an input file server.in from which it reads the following information, in the order shown, one item per line : Well-known port number for server. Maximum sending sliding-window size (in datagram units). You will not be handing in your server.in file. We shall create our own when we come to test your code. So it is important that you stick strictly to the file name and content conventions specified above. The same applies to the client.in input file below. Arguments for the client The client is to be provided with an input file client.in from which it reads the following information, in the order shown, one item per line : IP address of server (not the hostname). Well-known port number of server. filename to be transferred. Receiving sliding-window size (in datagram units). Random generator seed value. Probability p of datagram loss. This should be a real number in the range [ 0.0 , 1.0 ] (value 0.0 means no loss occurs; value 1.0 means all datagrams all lost). The mean µ, in milliseconds, for an exponential distribution controlling the rate at which the client reads received datagram payloads from its receive buffer. Operation Server starts up and reads its arguments from file server.in. As we shall see, when a client communicates with the server, the server will want to know what IP address that client is using to identify the server (i.e. , the destination IP address in the incoming datagram). Normally, this can be done relatively straightforwardly using the IP_RECVDESTADDR socket option, and picking up the information using the ancillary data (‘control information’) capability of the recvmsg function. Unfortunately, Solaris 2.10 does not support the IP_RECVDESTADDR option (nor, incidentally, does it support the msg_flags option in msghdr - see p.390). This considerably complicates things. In the absence of IP_RECVDESTADDR, what the server has to do as part of its initialization phase is to bind each IP address it has (and, simultaneously, its well-known port number, which it has read in from server.in) to a separate UDP socket. The code in Section 22.6, which uses the get_ifi_info function, shows you how to do that. However, there are important differences between that code and the version you want to implement. The code of Section 22.6 binds the IP addresses and forks off a child for each address that is bound to. We do not want to do that. Instead you should have an array of socket descriptors. For each IP address, create a new socket and bind the address (and well-known port number) to the socket without forking off child processes. Creating child processes comes later, when clients arrive. The code of Section 22.6 also attempts to bind broadcast addresses. We do not want to do this. It binds a wildcard IP address, which we certainly do not want to do either. We should bind strictly only unicast addresses (including the loopback address). The get_ifi_info function (which the code in Section 22.6 uses) has to be modified so that it also gets the network masks for the IP addresses of the node, and adds these to the information stored in the linked list of ifi_info structures (see Figure 17.5, p.471) it produces. As you go binding each IP address to a distinct socket, it will be useful for later processing to build your own array of structures, where a structure element records the following information for each socket : sockfd IP address bound to the socket network mask for the IP address subnet address (obtained by doing a bit-wise and between the IP address and its network mask) Report, in a ReadMe file which you hand in with your code, on the modifications you had to introduce to ensure that only unicast addresses are bound, and on your implementation of the array of structures described above. You should print out on stdout, with an appropriate message and appropriately formatted in dotted decimal notation, the IP address, network mask, and subnet address for each socket in your array of structures (you do not need to print the sockfd). The server now uses select to monitor the sockets it has created for incoming datagrams. When it returns from select, it must use recvfrom or recvmsg to read the incoming datagram (see 6. below). When a client starts, it first reads its arguments from the file client.in. The client checks if the server host is ‘local’ to its (extended) Ethernet. If so, all its communication to the server is to occur as MSG_DONTROUTE (or SO_DONTROUTE socket option). It determines if the server host is ‘local’ as follows. The first thing the client should do is to use the modified get_ifi_info function to obtain all of its IP addresses and associated network masks. Print out on stdout, in dotted decimal notation and with an appropriate message, the IP addresses and network masks obtained. In the following, IPserver designates the IP address the client will use to identify the server, and IPclient designates the IP address the client will choose to identify itself. The client checks whether the server is on the same host. If so, it should use the loopback address 127.0.0.1 for the server (i.e. , IPserver = 127.0.0.1). IPclient should also be set to the loopback address. Otherwise it proceeds as follows: IPserver is set to the IP address for the server in the client.in file. Given IPserver and the (unicast) IP addresses and network masks for the client returned by get_ifi_info in the linked list of ifi_info structures, you should be able to figure out if the server node is ‘local’ or not. This will be discussed in class; but let me just remind you here that you should use ‘longest prefix matching’ where applicable. If there are multiple client addresses, and the server host is ‘local’, the client chooses an IP address for itself, IPclient, which matches up as ‘local’ according to your examination above. If the server host is not ‘local’, then IPclient can be chosen arbitrarily. Print out on stdout the results of your examination, as to whether the server host is ‘local’ or not, as well as the IPclient and IPserver addresses selected. Note that this manner of determining whether the server is local or not is somewhat clumsy and ‘over-engineered’, and, as such, should be viewed more in the nature of a pedagogical exercise. Ideally, we would like to look up the server IP address(es) in the routing table (see Section 18.3). This requires that a routing socket be created, for which we need superuser privilege. Alternatively, we might want to dump out the routing table, using the sysctl function for example (see Section 18.4), and examine it directly. Unfortunately, Solaris 2.10 does not support sysctl. Furthermore, note that there is a slight problem with the address 130.245.1.123/24 assigned to compserv3 (see rightmost column of file hosts, and note that this particular compserv3 address “overlaps” with the 130.245.1.x/28 addresses in that same column assigned to compserv1, compserv2 & comserv4). In particular, if the client is running on compserv3 and the server on any of the other three compservs, and if that server node is also being identified to the client by its /28 (rather than its /24) address, then the client will get a “false positive” when it tests as to whether the server node is local or not. In other words, the client will deem the server node to be local, whereas in fact it should not be considered local. Because of this, it is perhaps best simply not to use compserv3 to run the client (but it is o.k. to use it to run the server). Finally, using MSG_DONTROUTE where possible would seem to gain us efficiency, in as much as the kernel does not need to consult the routing table for every datagram sent. But, in fact, that is not so. Recall that one effect of connect with UDP sockets is that routing information is obtained by the kernel at the time the connect is issued. That information is cached and used for subsequent sends from the connected socket (see p.255). The client now creates a UDP socket and calls bind on IPclient, with 0 as the port number. This will cause the kernel to bind an ephemeral port to the socket. After the bind, use the getsockname function (Section 4.10) to obtain IPclient and the ephemeral port number that has been assigned to the socket, and print that information out on stdout, with an appropriate message and appropriately formatted. The client connects its socket to IPserver and the well-known port number of the server. After the connect, use the getpeername function (Section 4.10) to obtain IPserver and the well-known port number of the server, and print that information out on stdout, with an appropriate message and appropriately formatted. The client sends a datagram to the server giving the filename for the transfer. This send needs to be backed up by a timeout in case the datagram is lost. Note that the incoming datagram from the client will be delivered to the server at the socket to which the destination IP address that the datagram is carrying has been bound. Thus, the server can obtain that address (it is, of course, IPserver) and thereby achieve what IP_RECVDESTADDR would have given us had it been available. Furthermore, the server process can obtain the IP address (this will, of course, be IPclient) and ephemeral port number of the client through the recvfrom or recvmsg functions. The server forks off a child process to handle the client. The server parent process goes back to the select to listen for new clients. Hereafter, and unless otherwise stated, whenever we refer to the ‘server’, we mean the server child process handling the client’s file transfer, not the server parent process. Typically, the first thing the server child would be expected to do is to close all sockets it ‘inherits’ from its parent. However, this is not the case with us. The server child does indeed close the sockets it inherited, but not the socket on which the client request arrived. It leaves that socket open for now. Call this socket the ‘listening’ socket. The server (child) then checks if the client host is local to its (extended) Ethernet. If so, all its communication to the client is to occur as MSG_DONTROUTE (or SO_DONTROUTE socket option). If IPserver (obtained in 5. above) is the loopback address, then we are done. Otherwise, the server has to proceed with the following step. Use the array of structures you built in 1. above, together with the addresses IPserver and IPclient to determine if the client is ‘local’. Print out on stdout the results of your examination, as to whether the client host is ‘local’ or not. The server (child) creates a UDP socket to handle file transfer to the client. Call this socket the ‘connection’ socket. It binds the socket to IPserver, with port number 0 so that its kernel assigns an ephemeral port. After the bind, use the getsockname function (Section 4.10) to obtain IPserver and the ephemeral port number that has been assigned to the socket, and print that information out on stdout, with an appropriate message and appropriately formatted. The server then connects this ‘connection’ socket to the client’s IPclient and ephemeral port number. The server now sends the client a datagram, in which it passes it the ephemeral port number of its ‘connection’ socket as the data payload of the datagram. This datagram is sent using the ‘listening’ socket inherited from its parent, otherwise the client (whose socket is connected to the server’s ‘listening’ socket at the latter’s well-known port number) will reject it. This datagram must be backed up by the ARQ mechanism, and retransmitted in the event of loss. Note that if this datagram is indeed lost, the client might well time out and retransmit its original request message (the one carrying the file name). In this event, you must somehow ensure that the parent server does not mistake this retransmitted request for a new client coming in, and spawn off yet another child to handle it. How do you do that? It is potentially more involved than it might seem. I will be discussing this in class, as well as ‘race’ conditions that could potentially arise, depending on how you code the mechanisms I present. When the client receives the datagram carrying the ephemeral port number of the server’s ‘connection’ socket, it reconnects its socket to the server’s ‘connection’ socket, using IPserver and the ephemeral port number received in the datagram (see p.254). It now uses this reconnected socket to send the server an acknowledgment. Note that this implies that, in the event of the server timing out, it should retransmit two copies of its ‘ephemeral port number’ message, one on its ‘listening’ socket and the other on its ‘connection’ socket (why?). When the server receives the acknowledgment, it closes the ‘listening’ socket it inherited from its parent. The server can now commence the file transfer through its ‘connection’ socket. The net effect of all these binds and connects at server and client is that no ‘outsider’ UDP datagram (broadcast, multicast, unicast - fortuitously or maliciously) can now intrude on the communication between server and client. Starting with the first datagram sent out, the client behaves as follows. Whenever a datagram arrives, or an ACK is about to be sent out (or, indeed, the initial datagram to the server giving the filename for the transfer), the client uses some random number generator function random() (initialized by the client.in argument value seed) to decide with probability p (another client.in argument value) if the datagram or ACK should be discarded by way of simulating transmission loss across the network. (I will briefly discuss in class how you do this.) Adding reliability to UDP The mechanisms you are to implement are based on TCP Reno. These include : Reliable data transmission using ARQ sliding-windows, with Fast Retransmit. Flow control via receiver window advertisements. Congestion control that implements : SlowStart Congestion Avoidance (‘Additive-Increase/Multiplicative Decrease’ – AIMD) Fast Recovery (but without the window-inflation aspect of Fast Recovery) Only some, and by no means all, of the details for these are covered below. The rest will be presented in class, especially those concerning flow control and TCP Reno’s congestion control mechanisms in general : Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery. Implement a timeout mechanism on the sender (server) side. This is available to you from Stevens, Section 22.5 . Note, however, that you will need to modify the basic driving mechanism of Figure 22.7 appropriately since the situation at the sender side is not a repetitive cycle of send-receive, but rather a straightforward progression of send-send-send-send- . . . . . . . . . . . Also, modify the RTT and RTO mechanisms of Section 22.5 as specified below. I will be discussing the details of these modifications and the reasons for them in class. Modify function rtt_stop (Fig. 22.13) so that it uses integer arithmetic rather than floating point. This will entail your also having to modify some of the variable and function parameter declarations throughout Section 22.5 from float to int, as appropriate. In the unprrt.h header file (Fig. 22.10) set : RTT_RXTMIN to 1000 msec. (1 sec. instead of the current value 3 sec.) RTT_RXTMAX to 3000 msec. (3 sec. instead of the current value 60 sec.) RTT_MAXNREXMT to 12 (instead of the current value 3) In function rtt_timeout (Fig. 22.14), after doubling the RTO in line 86, pass its value through the function rtt_minmax of Fig. 22.11 (somewhat along the lines of what is done in line 77 of rtt_stop, Fig. 22.13). Finally, note that with the modification to integer calculation of the smoothed RTT and its variation, and given the small RTT values you will experience on the cs / sbpub network, these calculations should probably now be done on a millisecond or even microsecond scale (rather than in seconds, as is the case with Stevens’ code). Otherwise, small measured RTTs could show up as 0 on a scale of seconds, yielding a negative result when we subtract the smoothed RTT from the measured RTT (line 72 of rtt_stop, Fig. 22.13). Report the details of your modifications to the code of Section 22.5 in the ReadMe file which you hand in with your code. We need to have a sender sliding window mechanism for the retransmission of lost datagrams; and a receiver sliding window in order to ensure correct sequencing of received file contents, and some measure of flow control. You should implement something based on TCP Reno’s mechanisms, with cumulative acknowledgments, receiver window advertisements, and a congestion control mechanism I will explain in detail in class. For a reference on TCP’s mechanisms generally, see W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 , especially Sections 20.2 - 20.4 of Chapter 20 , and Sections 21.1 - 21.8 of Chapter 21 . Bear in mind that our sequence numbers should count datagrams, not bytes as in TCP. Remember that the sender and receiver window sizes have to be set according to the argument values in client.in and server.in, respectively. Whenever the sender window becomes full and so ‘locks’, the server should print out a message to that effect on stdout. Similarly, whenever the receiver window ‘locks’, the client should print out a message on stdout. Be aware of the potential for deadlock when the receiver window ‘locks’. This situation is handled by having the receiver process send a duplicate ACK which acts as a window update when its window opens again (see Figure 20.3 and the discussion about it in TCP/IP Illustrated). However, this is not enough, because ACKs are not backed up by a timeout mechanism in the event they are lost. So we will also need to implement a persist timer driving window probes in the sender process (see Sections 22.1 & 22.2 in Chapter 22 of TCP/IP Illustrated). Note that you do not have to worry about the Silly Window Syndrome discussed in Section 22.3 of TCP/IP Illustrated since the receiver process consumes ‘full sized’ 512-byte messages from the receiver buffer (see 3. below). Report on the details of the ARQ mechanism you implemented in the ReadMe file you hand in. Indeed, you should report on all the TCP mechanisms you implemented in the ReadMe file, both the ones discussed here, and the ones I will be discussing in class. Make your datagram payload a fixed 512 bytes, inclusive of the file transfer protocol header (which must, at the very least, carry: the sequence number of the datagram; ACKs; and advertised window notifications). The client reads the file contents in its receive buffer and prints them out on stdout using a separate thread. This thread sits in a repetitive loop till all the file contents have been printed out, doing the following. It samples from an exponential distribution with mean µ milliseconds (read from the client.in file), sleeps for that number of milliseconds; wakes up to read and print all in-order file contents available in the receive buffer at that point; samples again from the exponential distribution; sleeps; and so on. The formula -1 × µ × ln( random( ) ) , where ln is the natural logarithm, yields variates from an exponential distribution with mean µ, based on the uniformly-distributed variates over ( 0 , 1 ) returned by random(). Note that you will need to implement some sort of mutual exclusion/semaphore mechanism on the client side so that the thread that sleeps and wakes up to consume from the receive buffer is not updating the state variables of the buffer at the same time as the main thread reading from the socket and depositing into the buffer is doing the same. Furthermore, we need to ensure that the main thread does not effectively monopolize the semaphore (and thus lock out for prolonged periods of time) the sleeping thread when the latter wakes up. See the textbook, Section 26.7, ‘Mutexes: Mutual Exclusion’, pp.697-701. You might also find Section 26.8, ‘Condition Variables’, pp.701-705, useful. You will need to devise some way by which the sender can notify the receiver when it has sent the last datagram of the file transfer, without the receiver mistaking that EOF marker as part of the file contents. (Also, note that the last data segment could be a “short” segment of less than 512 bytes – your client needs to be able to handle this correctly somehow.) When the sender receives an ACK for the last datagram of the transfer, the (child) server terminates. The parent server has to take care of cleaning up zombie children. Note that if we want a clean closing, the client process cannot simply terminate when the receiver ACKs the last datagram. This ACK could be lost, which would leave the (child) server process ‘hanging’, timing out, and retransmitting the last datagram. TCP attempts to deal with this problem by means of the TIME_WAIT state. You should have your receiver process behave similarly, sticking around in something akin to a TIME_WAIT state in case in case it needs to retransmit the ACK. In the ReadMe file you hand in, report on how you dealt with the issues raised here: sender notifying receiver of the last datagram, clean closing, and so on. Output Some of the output required from your program has been described in the section Operation above. I expect you to provide further output – clear, well-structured, well-laid-out, concise but sufficient and helpful – in the client and server windows by means of which we can trace the correct evolution of your TCP’s behaviour in all its intricacies : information (e.g., sequence number) on datagrams and acks sent and dropped, window advertisements, datagram retransmissions (and why : dup acks or RTO); entering/exiting Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance, ssthresh and cwnd values; sender and receiver windows locking/unlocking; etc., etc. . . . . The onus is on you to convince us that the TCP mechanisms you implemented are working correctly. Too many students do not put sufficient thought, creative imagination, time or effort into this. It is not the TA’s nor my responsibility to sit staring at an essentially blank screen, trying to summon up our paranormal psychology skills to figure out if your TCP implementation is really working correctly in all its very intricate aspects, simply because the transferred file seems to be printing o.k. in the client window. Nor is it our responsibility to strain our eyes and our patience wading through a mountain of obscure, ill-structured, hyper-messy, debugging-style output because, for example, your effort-conserving concept of what is ‘suitable’ is to dump your debugging output on us, relevant, irrelevant, and everything in between.
SOYJUN / TCP Socket Client ServerThe aim of this assignment is to have you do TCP socket client / server programming using I/O multiplexing, child processes and threads. It also aims at getting you to familiarize yourselves with the inetd superserver daemon, the ‘exec’ family of functions, various socket error scenarios, some socket options, and some basic domain name / IP address conversion functions. Apart from the material in Chapters 1 to 6 covered in class, you will also need to refer to the following : the exec family of functions (Section 4.7 of Chapter 4) using pipes for interprocess communication (IPC) in Unix error scenarios induced by process terminations & host crashes (Sections 5.11 to 5.16, Chapter 5) setsockopt function & SO_REUSEADDR socket option (Section 7.2 & pp.210-213, Chapter 7) gethostbyname & gethostbyaddr functions (Sections 11.3 & 11.4, Chapter 11) the basic structure of inetd (Section 13.5, Chapter 13) programming with threads (Sections 26.1 to 26.5, Chapter 26) Overview I shall present an overview of this assignment and discuss some of the specification details given below in class on Wednesday, September 17 & Monday, September 22. Client The client is evoked with a command line argument giving either the server IP address in dotted decimal notation, or the server domain name. The client has to be able to handle either mode and figure out which of the two is being passed to it. If it is given the IP address, it calls the gethostbyaddr function to get the domain name, which it then prints out to the user in the form of an appropriate message (e.g., ‘The server host is compserv1.cs.stonybrook.edu’). The function gethostbyname, on the other hand, returns the IP address that corresponds to a given domain name. The client then enters an infinite loop in which it queries the user which service is being requested. There are two options : echo and time (note that time is a slightly modified version of the daytime service – see below). The client then forks off a child. After the child is forked off, the parent process enters a second loop in which it continually reads and prints out status messages received from the child via a half-duplex pipe (see below). The parent exits the second loop when the child closes the pipe (how does the parent detect this?), and/or the SIGCHLD signal is generated when the child terminates. The parent then repeats the outer loop, querying the user again for the (next) service s/he desires. This cycle continues till the user responds to a query with quit rather than echo or time. The child process is the one which handles the actual service for the user. It execs (see Section 4.7, Chapter 4) an xterm to generate a separate window through which all interactions with server and user take place. For example, the following exec function call evokes an xterm, and gets the xterm to execute echocli, located in the current directory, passing the string 127.0.0.1 (assumed to be the IP address of the server) as the command line argument argv[1] to echocli (click on the url for further details) : execlp("xterm", "xterm", "-e", "./echocli", "127.0.0.1", (char *) 0) xterm executes one of two client programs (echocli or timecli, say) depending on the service requested. A client program establishes a TCP connection to the server at the ‘well-known port’ for the service (in reality, this port will, of course, be some ephemeral port of your choosing, the value of which is known to both server and client code). All interaction with the user, on the one hand, and with the server, on the other, takes place through the child’s xterm window, not the parent’s window. On the other hand, the child will use a half-duplex pipe to relay status information to the parent which the parent prints out in its window (see below).To terminate the echo client, the user can type in ^D (CTRL D, the EOF character). To terminate the time client, the only option is for the user to type in ^C (CTRL C). (This can also be used as an alternative means of terminating the echo client.) Note that using ^C in the context of the time service will give the server process the impression that the client process has ‘crashed’. It is your responsibility to ensure that the server process handles this correctly and closes cleanly. I shall address this further when discussing the server process. It is also part of your responsibility in this assignment to ensure that the client code is robust with respect to the server process crashing (see Sections 5.12 & 5.13, Chapter 5). Amongst other implications, this means that it would probably be a good idea for you to implement your echo client code along the lines of either : Figure 6.9, p.168 (or even Figure 6.13, p.174) which uses I/O multiplexing with the select function; or of Figure 26.2, p.680, which uses threads; rather than along the lines of Figure 5.5, p.125. When the child terminates, either normally or abnormally, its xterm window disappears instantaneously. Consequently, any status information that the child might want to communicate to the user should not be printed out on the child’s xterm window, since the user will not have time to see the final such message before the window disappears. Instead, as the parent forks off the child at the beginning, a half-duplex pipe should be established from child to parent. The child uses the pipe to send status reports to the parent, which the parent prints out in its window. I leave it up to you to decide what status information exactly should be relayed to the parent but, at a minimum, the parent should certainly be notified, in as precise terms as possible, of any abnormal termination conditions of the service provided by the child. In general, you should try to make your code as robust as possible with respect to handling errors, including confused behaviour by the user (e.g., passing an invalid command line argument; responding to a query incorrectly; trying to interact with the service through the parent process window, not the child process xterm; etc.). Amongst other things, you have to worry about EINTR errors occurring during slow system calls (such as the parent reading from the pipe, or, possibly, printing to stdout, for example) due to a SIGCHLD signal. What about other kinds of errors? Which ones can occur? How should you handle them? Server The server has to be able to handle multiple clients using threads (specifically, detached threads), not child processes (see Sections 26.1 to 26.4, Chapter 26). Furthermore, it has to be able to handle multiple types of service; in our case, two : echo and time. echo is just the standard echo service we have seen in class. time is a slightly modified version of the daytime service (see Figure 1.9, p.14) : instead of sending the client the ‘daytime’ just once and closing, the service sits in an infinite loop, sending the ‘daytime’, sleeping for 5 seconds, and repeating, ad infinitum. The server is loosely based on the way the inetd daemon works : see Figure 13.7, p.374. However, note that the differences between inetd and our server are probably more significant than the similarities: inetd forks off children, whereas our server uses threads; inetd child processes issue exec commands, which our server threads do not; etc. So you should treat Figure 13.7 (and Section 13.5, Chapter 13, generally) as a source of ideas, not as a set of specifications which you must slavishly adhere to and copy. Note, by the way, that there are some similarities between our client and inetd (primarily, forking off children which issue execs), which could be a useful source of ideas. The server creates a listening socket for each type of service that it handles, bound to the ‘well-known port’ for that service. It then uses select to await clients (Chapter 6; or, if you prefer, poll; note that pselect is not supported in Solaris 2.10). The socket on which a client connects identifies the service the client is seeking. The server accepts the connection and creates a thread which provides the service. The thread detaches itself. Meanwhile, the main thread goes back to the select to await further clients. A major concern when using threads is to make sure that operations are thread safe (see p.685 and on into Section 26.5). In this respect, Stevens’ readline function (in Stevens’ file unpv13e/lib/readline.c, see Figure 3.18, pp.91-92) poses a particular problem. On p.686, the authors give three options for dealing with this. The third option is too inefficient and should be discarded. You can implement the second option if you wish. Easiest of all would be the first option, since it involves using a thread-safe version of readline (see Figures 26.11 & 26.12) provided in file unpv13e/threads/readline.c. Whatever you do, remember that Stevens’ library, libunp.a, contains the non-thread-safe version of Figure 3.18, and that is the version that will be link-loaded to your code unless you undertake explicit steps to ensure this does not happen (libunp.a also contains the ‘wrapper’ function Readline, whose code is also in file unpv13e/lib/readline.c). Remaking your copy of libunp.a with the ‘correct’ version of readline is not a viable option because when you hand in your code, it will be compiled and link-loaded with respect to the version of libunp.a in the course account, ~cse533/Stevens/unpv13e_solaris2.10 (I do not intend to change that version since it risks creating confusion later on in the course). Also, you will probably want to use the original version of readline in the client code anyway. I am providing you with a sample Makefile which picks up the thread-safe version of readline from directory ~cse533/Stevens/unpv13e_solaris2.10/threads and uses it when making the executable for the server, but leaves the other executables it makes to link-load the non-thread-safe version from libunp.a. Again, it is part of your responsibility to make sure that your server code is as robust as possible with respect to errors, and that the server threads terminate cleanly under all circumstances. Recall, first of all, that the client user will often use ^C (CTRL C) in the xterm to terminate the service. This will appear to the server thread as if the client process has crashed. You need to think about the error conditions that will be induced (see Sections 5.11 to 5.13, Chapter 5), and how the echo and time server code is to detect and handle these conditions. For example, the time server will almost certainly experience an EPIPE error (see Section 5.13). How should the associated SIGPIPE signal be handled? Be aware that when we return out of the Stevens’ writen function with -1 (indicating an error) and check errno, errno is sometimes equal to 0, not EPIPE (value 32). This can happen under Solaris 2.10, but I am not sure under precisely what conditions nor why. Nor am I sure if it also happens under other Unix versions, or if it also happens when using write rather than writen. The point is, you cannot depend on errno to find out what has happened to the write or writen functions. My suggestion, therefore, is that the time server should use the select function. On the one hand, select’s timeout mechanism can be used to make the server sleep for the 5 seconds. On the other hand, select should also monitor the connection socket read event because, when the client xterm is ^C’ed, a FIN will be sent to the server TCP, which will prime the socket for reading; a read on the socket will then return with value 0 (see Figure 14.3, p. 385 as an example). But what about errors other than EPIPE? Which ones can occur? How should you handle them? Recall, as well, that if a thread terminates without explicitly closing the connection socket it has been using, the connection socket will remain existent until the server process itself dies (why?). Since the server process is supposed, in principle, to run for ever, you risk ending up with an ever increasing number of unused, ‘orphaned’ sockets unless you are careful. Whenever a server thread detects the termination of its client, it should print out a message giving appropriate details: e.g., “Client termination: EPIPE error detected”, “Client termination: socket read returned with value 0”, “Client termination: socket read returned with value -1, errno = . . .”, and so on. When debugging your server code, you will probably find that restarting the server very shortly after it was last running will give you trouble when it comes to bind to its ‘well-known ports’. This is because, when the server side initiates connection termination (which is what will happen if the server process crashes; or if you kill it first, before killing the client) TCP keeps the connections open in the TIME_WAIT state for 2MSLs (Sections 2.6 & 2.7, Chapter 2). This could very quickly become a major irritant. I suggest you explore the possibility of using the SO_REUSEADDR socket option (pp.210-213, Chapter 7; note that the SO_REUSEPORT socket option is not supported in Solaris 2.10), which should help keep the stress level down. You will need to use the setsockopt function (Section 7.2) to enable this option. Figure 8.24, p.263, shows an instance of server code that sets the SO_REUSEADDR socket option. Finally, you should be aware of the sort of problem, described in Section 16.6, pp.461-463, that might occur when (blocking) listening sockets are monitored using select. Such sockets should be made nonblocking, which requires use of the fcntl function after socket creates the socket, but before listen turns the socket into a listening socket.
FellowWithLaptop / FB CaseStateMachineA simple function block to make it easier and clearer to program a state machine in structured text (IEC 61131-3). If you write your state machine with a CASE instruction and an enum, you might miss functions like an entry and exit step, timeout functions or logging possibilities. This module should show you how you can implement all these things. The example was created with TwinCAT and uses the TwinCAT Eventlogger. The basic concept is also possible in Codesys.
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keita / TimeoutxTimeoutX provides a lightweight timeout function.
jkomyno / Usetimeout React HookReact.js custom hook that sets a leak-safe timeout and returns a function to cancel it before the timeout expires
adnanrahic / Lambda Sns Dlq Error HandlingSample project for showing the ability to publish an SNS topic and trigger a function from the topic. Code is structured to create a timeout/crash so the dead letter queue SNS topic gets published, in turn triggering the error handler function.
Mdshobu / Liberty House Club Whitepaper# Liberty House Club **A Parallel Binance Chain to Enable Smart Contracts** _NOTE: This document is under development. Please check regularly for updates!_ ## Table of Contents - [Motivation](#motivation) - [Design Principles](#design-principles) - [Consensus and Validator Quorum](#consensus-and-validator-quorum) * [Proof of Staked Authority](#proof-of-staked-authority) * [Validator Quorum](#validator-quorum) * [Security and Finality](#security-and-finality) * [Reward](#reward) - [Token Economy](#token-economy) * [Native Token](#native-token) * [Other Tokens](#other-tokens) - [Cross-Chain Transfer and Communication](#cross-chain-transfer-and-communication) * [Cross-Chain Transfer](#cross-chain-transfer) * [BC to BSC Architecture](#bc-to-bsc-architecture) * [BSC to BC Architecture](#bsc-to-bc-architecture) * [Timeout and Error Handling](#timeout-and-error-handling) * [Cross-Chain User Experience](#cross-chain-user-experience) * [Cross-Chain Contract Event](#cross-chain-contract-event) - [Staking and Governance](#staking-and-governance) * [Staking on BC](#staking-on-bc) * [Rewarding](#rewarding) * [Slashing](#slashing) - [Relayers](#relayers) * [BSC Relayers](#bsc-relayers) * [Oracle Relayers](#oracle-relayers) - [Outlook](#outlook) # Motivation After its mainnet community [launch](https://www.binance.com/en/blog/327334696200323072/Binance-DEX-Launches-on-Binance-Chain-Invites-Further-Community-Development) in April 2019, [Binance Chain](https://www.binance.org) has exhibited its high speed and large throughput design. Binance Chain’s primary focus, its native [decentralized application](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_application) (“dApp”) [Binance DEX](https://www.binance.org/trade), has demonstrated its low-latency matching with large capacity headroom by handling millions of trading volume in a short time. Flexibility and usability are often in an inverse relationship with performance. The concentration on providing a convenient digital asset issuing and trading venue also brings limitations. Binance Chain's most requested feature is the programmable extendibility, or simply the [Smart Contract](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_contract) and Virtual Machine functions. Digital asset issuers and owners struggle to add new decentralized features for their assets or introduce any sort of community governance and activities. Despite this high demand for adding the Smart Contract feature onto Binance Chain, it is a hard decision to make. The execution of a Smart Contract may slow down the exchange function and add non-deterministic factors to trading. If that compromise could be tolerated, it might be a straightforward idea to introduce a new Virtual Machine specification based on [Tendermint](https://tendermint.com/core/), based on the current underlying consensus protocol and major [RPC](https://docs.binance.org/api-reference/node-rpc.html) implementation of Binance Chain. But all these will increase the learning requirements for all existing dApp communities, and will not be very welcomed. We propose a parallel blockchain of the current Binance Chain to retain the high performance of the native DEX blockchain and to support a friendly Smart Contract function at the same time. # Design Principles After the creation of the parallel blockchain into the Binance Chain ecosystem, two blockchains will run side by side to provide different services. The new parallel chain will be called “**Binance Smart Chain**” (short as “**BSC**” for the below sections), while the existing mainnet remains named “**Binance Chain**” (short as “**BC**” for the below sections). Here are the design principles of **BSC**: 1. **Standalone Blockchain**: technically, BSC is a standalone blockchain, instead of a layer-2 solution. Most BSC fundamental technical and business functions should be self-contained so that it can run well even if the BC stopped for a short period. 2. **Ethereum Compatibility**: The first practical and widely-used Smart Contract platform is Ethereum. To take advantage of the relatively mature applications and community, BSC chooses to be compatible with the existing Ethereum mainnet. This means most of the **dApps**, ecosystem components, and toolings will work with BSC and require zero or minimum changes; BSC node will require similar (or a bit higher) hardware specification and skills to run and operate. The implementation should leave room for BSC to catch up with further Ethereum upgrades. 3. **Staking Involved Consensus and Governance**: Staking-based consensus is more environmentally friendly and leaves more flexible option to the community governance. Expectedly, this consensus should enable better network performance over [proof-of-work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_work) blockchain system, i.e., faster blocking time and higher transaction capacity. 4. **Native Cross-Chain Communication**: both BC and BSC will be implemented with native support for cross-chain communication among the two blockchains. The communication protocol should be bi-directional, decentralized, and trustless. It will concentrate on moving digital assets between BC and BSC, i.e., [BEP2](https://github.com/binance-chain/BEPs/blob/master/BEP2.md) tokens, and eventually, other BEP tokens introduced later. The protocol should care for the minimum of other items stored in the state of the blockchains, with only a few exceptions. # Consensus and Validator Quorum Based on the above design principles, the consensus protocol of BSC is to fulfill the following goals: 1. Blocking time should be shorter than Ethereum network, e.g. 5 seconds or even shorter. 2. It requires limited time to confirm the finality of transactions, e.g. around 1-min level or shorter. 3. There is no inflation of native token: BNB, the block reward is collected from transaction fees, and it will be paid in BNB. 4. It is compatible with Ethereum system as much as possible. 5. It allows modern [proof-of-stake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_stake) blockchain network governance. ## Proof of Staked Authority Although Proof-of-Work (PoW) has been recognized as a practical mechanism to implement a decentralized network, it is not friendly to the environment and also requires a large size of participants to maintain the security. Ethereum and some other blockchain networks, such as [MATIC Bor](https://github.com/maticnetwork/bor), [TOMOChain](https://tomochain.com/), [GoChain](https://gochain.io/), [xDAI](https://xdai.io/), do use [Proof-of-Authority(PoA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_authority) or its variants in different scenarios, including both testnet and mainnet. PoA provides some defense to 51% attack, with improved efficiency and tolerance to certain levels of Byzantine players (malicious or hacked). It serves as an easy choice to pick as the fundamentals. Meanwhile, the PoA protocol is most criticized for being not as decentralized as PoW, as the validators, i.e. the nodes that take turns to produce blocks, have all the authorities and are prone to corruption and security attacks. Other blockchains, such as EOS and Lisk both, introduce different types of [Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)](https://en.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/DPoS) to allow the token holders to vote and elect the validator set. It increases the decentralization and favors community governance. BSC here proposes to combine DPoS and PoA for consensus, so that: 1. Blocks are produced by a limited set of validators 2. Validators take turns to produce blocks in a PoA manner, similar to [Ethereum’s Clique](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-225) consensus design 3. Validator set are elected in and out based on a staking based governance ## Validator Quorum In the genesis stage, a few trusted nodes will run as the initial Validator Set. After the blocking starts, anyone can compete to join as candidates to elect as a validator. The staking status decides the top 21 most staked nodes to be the next validator set, and such an election will repeat every 24 hours. **BNB** is the token used to stake for BSC. In order to remain as compatible as Ethereum and upgradeable to future consensus protocols to be developed, BSC chooses to rely on the **BC** for staking management (Please refer to the below “[Staking and Governance](#staking-and-governance)” section). There is a **dedicated staking module for BSC on BC**. It will accept BSC staking from BNB holders and calculate the highest staked node set. Upon every UTC midnight, BC will issue a verifiable `ValidatorSetUpdate` cross-chain message to notify BSC to update its validator set. While producing further blocks, the existing BSC validators check whether there is a `ValidatorSetUpdate` message relayed onto BSC periodically. If there is, they will update the validator set after an **epoch period**, i.e. a predefined number of blocking time. For example, if BSC produces a block every 5 seconds, and the epoch period is 240 blocks, then the current validator set will check and update the validator set for the next epoch in 1200 seconds (20 minutes). ## Security and Finality Given there are more than ½\*N+1 validators are honest, PoA based networks usually work securely and properly. However, there are still cases where certain amount Byzantine validators may still manage to attack the network, e.g. through the “[Clone Attack](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.10244.pdf)”. To secure as much as BC, BSC users are encouraged to wait until receiving blocks sealed by more than ⅔\*N+1 different validators. In that way, the BSC can be trusted at a similar security level to BC and can tolerate less than ⅓\*N Byzantine validators. With 21 validators, if the block time is 5 seconds, the ⅔\*N+1 different validator seals will need a time period of (⅔\*21+1)*5 = 75 seconds. Any critical applications for BSC may have to wait for ⅔\*N+1 to ensure a relatively secure finality. However, besides such arrangement, BSC does introduce **Slashing** logic to penalize Byzantine validators for **double signing** or **inavailability**, which will be covered in the “Staking and Governance” section later. This Slashing logic will expose the malicious validators in a very short time and make the “Clone Attack” very hard or extremely non-beneficial to execute. With this enhancement, ½\*N+1 or even fewer blocks are enough as confirmation for most transactions. ## Reward All the BSC validators in the current validator set will be rewarded with transaction **fees in BNB**. As BNB is not an inflationary token, there will be no mining rewards as what Bitcoin and Ethereum network generate, and the gas fee is the major reward for validators. As BNB is also utility tokens with other use cases, delegators and validators will still enjoy other benefits of holding BNB. The reward for validators is the fees collected from transactions in each block. Validators can decide how much to give back to the delegators who stake their BNB to them, in order to attract more staking. Every validator will take turns to produce the blocks in the same probability (if they stick to 100% liveness), thus, in the long run, all the stable validators may get a similar size of the reward. Meanwhile, the stakes on each validator may be different, so this brings a counter-intuitive situation that more users trust and delegate to one validator, they potentially get less reward. So rational delegators will tend to delegate to the one with fewer stakes as long as the validator is still trustful (insecure validator may bring slashable risk). In the end, the stakes on all the validators will have less variation. This will actually prevent the stake concentration and “winner wins forever” problem seen on some other networks. Some parts of the gas fee will also be rewarded to relayers for Cross-Chain communication. Please refer to the “[Relayers](#relayers)” section below. # Token Economy BC and BSC share the same token universe for BNB and BEP2 tokens. This defines: 1. The same token can circulate on both networks, and flow between them bi-directionally via a cross-chain communication mechanism. 2. The total circulation of the same token should be managed across the two networks, i.e. the total effective supply of a token should be the sum of the token’s total effective supply on both BSC and BC. 3. The tokens can be initially created on BSC in a similar format as ERC20 token standard, or on BC as a BEP2, then created on the other. There are native ways on both networks to link the two and secure the total supply of the token. ## Native Token BNB will run on BSC in the same way as ETH runs on Ethereum so that it remains as “native token” for both BSC and BC. This means, in addition to BNB is used to pay most of the fees on Binance Chain and Binance DEX, BNB will be also used to: 1. pay “fees“ to deploy smart contracts on BSC 2. stake on selected BSC validators, and get corresponding rewards 3. perform cross-chain operations, such as transfer token assets across BC and BSC ### Seed Fund Certain amounts of BNB will be burnt on BC and minted on BSC during its genesis stage. This amount is called “Seed Fund” to circulate on BSC after the first block, which will be dispatched to the initial BC-to-BSC Relayer(described in later sections) and initial validator set introduced at genesis. These BNBs are used to pay transaction fees in the early stage to transfer more BNB from BC onto BSC via the cross-chain mechanism. The BNB cross-chain transfer is discussed in a later section, but for BC to BSC transfer, it is generally to lock BNB on BC from the source address of the transfer to a system-controlled address and unlock the corresponding amount from special contract to the target address of the transfer on BSC, or reversely, when transferring from BSC to BC, it is to lock BNB from the source address on BSC into a special contract and release locked amount on BC from the system address to the target address. The logic is related to native code on BC and a series of smart contracts on BSC. ## Other Tokens BC supports BEP2 tokens and upcoming [BEP8 tokens](https://github.com/binance-chain/BEPs/pull/69), which are native assets transferrable and tradable (if listed) via fast transactions and sub-second finality. Meanwhile, as BSC is Ethereum compatible, it is natural to support ERC20 tokens on BSC, which here is called “**BEP2E**” (with the real name to be introduced by the future BEPs,it potentially covers BEP8 as well). BEP2E may be “Enhanced” by adding a few more methods to expose more information, such as token denomination, decimal precision definition and the owner address who can decide the Token Binding across the chains. BSC and BC work together to ensure that one token can circulate in both formats with confirmed total supply and be used in different use cases. ### Token Binding BEP2 tokens will be extended to host a new attribute to associate the token with a BSC BEP2E token contract, called “**Binder**”, and this process of association is called “**Token Binding**”. Token Binding can happen at any time after BEP2 and BEP2E are ready. The token owners of either BEP2 or BEP2E don’t need to bother about the Binding, until before they really want to use the tokens on different scenarios. Issuers can either create BEP2 first or BEP2E first, and they can be bound at a later time. Of course, it is encouraged for all the issuers of BEP2 and BEP2E to set the Binding up early after the issuance. A typical procedure to bind the BEP2 and BEP2E will be like the below: 1. Ensure both the BEP2 token and the BEP2E token both exist on each blockchain, with the same total supply. BEP2E should have 3 more methods than typical ERC20 token standard: * symbol(): get token symbol * decimals(): get the number of the token decimal digits * owner(): get **BEP2E contract owner’s address.** This value should be initialized in the BEP2E contract constructor so that the further binding action can verify whether the action is from the BEP2E owner. 2. Decide the initial circulation on both blockchains. Suppose the total supply is *S*, and the expected initial circulating supply on BC is *K*, then the owner should lock S-K tokens to a system controlled address on BC. 3. Equivalently, *K* tokens is locked in the special contract on BSC, which handles major binding functions and is named as **TokenHub**. The issuer of the BEP2E token should lock the *K* amount of that token into TokenHub, resulting in *S-K* tokens to circulate on BSC. Thus the total circulation across 2 blockchains remains as *S*. 4. The issuer of BEP2 token sends the bind transaction on BC. Once the transaction is executed successfully after proper verification: * It transfers *S-K* tokens to a system-controlled address on BC. * A cross-chain bind request package will be created, waiting for Relayers to relay. 5. BSC Relayers will relay the cross-chain bind request package into **TokenHub** on BSC, and the corresponding request and information will be stored into the contract. 6. The contract owner and only the owner can run a special method of TokenHub contract, `ApproveBind`, to verify the binding request to mark it as a success. It will confirm: * the token has not been bound; * the binding is for the proper symbol, with proper total supply and decimal information; * the proper lock are done on both networks; 10. Once the `ApproveBind` method has succeeded, TokenHub will mark the two tokens are bounded and share the same circulation on BSC, and the status will be propagated back to BC. After this final confirmation, the BEP2E contract address and decimals will be written onto the BEP2 token as a new attribute on BC, and the tokens can be transferred across the two blockchains bidirectionally. If the ApproveBind fails, the failure event will also be propagated back to BC to release the locked tokens, and the above steps can be re-tried later. # Cross-Chain Transfer and Communication Cross-chain communication is the key foundation to allow the community to take advantage of the dual chain structure: * users are free to create any tokenization, financial products, and digital assets on BSC or BC as they wish * the items on BSC can be manually and programmingly traded and circulated in a stable, high throughput, lighting fast and friendly environment of BC * users can operate these in one UI and tooling ecosystem. ## Cross-Chain Transfer The cross-chain transfer is the key communication between the two blockchains. Essentially the logic is: 1. the `transfer-out` blockchain will lock the amount from source owner addresses into a system controlled address/contracts; 2. the `transfer-in` blockchain will unlock the amount from the system controlled address/contracts and send it to target addresses. The cross-chain transfer package message should allow the BSC Relayers and BC **Oracle Relayers** to verify: 1. Enough amount of token assets are removed from the source address and locked into a system controlled addresses/contracts on the source blockchain. And this can be confirmed on the target blockchain. 2. Proper amounts of token assets are released from a system controlled addresses/contracts and allocated into target addresses on the target blockchain. If this fails, it can be confirmed on source blockchain, so that the locked token can be released back (may deduct fees). 3. The sum of the total circulation of the token assets across the 2 blockchains are not changed after this transfer action completes, no matter if the transfer succeeds or not.  The architecture of cross-chain communication is as in the above diagram. To accommodate the 2 heteroid systems, communication handling is different in each direction. ## BC to BSC Architecture BC is a Tendermint-based, instant finality blockchain. Validators with at least ⅔\*N+1 of the total voting power will co-sign each block on the chain. So that it is practical to verify the block transactions and even the state value via **Block Header** and **Merkle Proof** verification. This has been researched and implemented as “**Light-Client Protocol**”, which are intensively discussed in [the Ethereum](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Light-client-protocol) community, studied and implemented for [Cosmos inter-chain communication](https://github.com/cosmos/ics/blob/a4173c91560567bdb7cc9abee8e61256fc3725e9/spec/ics-007-tendermint-client/README.md). BC-to-BSC communication will be verified in an “**on-chain light client**” implemented via BSC **Smart Contracts** (some of them may be **“pre-compiled”**). After some transactions and state change happen on BC, if a transaction is defined to trigger cross-chain communication,the Cross-chain “**package**” message will be created and **BSC Relayers** will pass and submit them onto BSC as data into the "build-in system contracts". The build-in system contracts will verify the package and execute the transactions if it passes the verification. The verification will be guaranteed with the below design: 1. BC blocking status will be synced to the light client contracts on BSC from time to time, via block header and pre-commits, for the below information: * block and app hash of BC that are signed by validators * current validatorset, and validator set update 2. the key-value from the blockchain state will be verified based on the Merkle Proof and information from above #1. After confirming the key-value is accurate and trustful, the build-in system contracts will execute the actions corresponding to the cross-chain packages. Some examples of such packages that can be created for BC-to-BSC are: 1. Bind: bind the BEP2 tokens and BEP2E 2. Transfer: transfer tokens after binding, this means the circulation will decrease (be locked) from BC and appear in the target address balance on BSC 3. Error Handling: to handle any timeout/failure event for BSC-to-BC communication 4. Validatorset update of BSC To ensure no duplication, proper message sequence and timely timeout, there is a “Channel” concept introduced on BC to manage any types of the communication. For relayers, please also refer to the below “Relayers” section. ## BSC to BC Architecture BSC uses Proof of Staked Authority consensus protocol, which has a chance to fork and requires confirmation of more blocks. One block only has the signature of one validator, so that it is not easy to rely on one block to verify data from BSC. To take full advantage of validator quorum of BC, an idea similar to many [Bridge ](https://github.com/poanetwork/poa-bridge)or Oracle blockchains is adopted: 1. The cross-chain communication requests from BSC will be submitted and executed onto BSC as transactions. The execution of the transanction wil emit `Events`, and such events can be observed and packaged in certain “**Oracle**” onto BC. Instead of Block Headers, Hash and Merkle Proof, this type of “Oracle” package directly contains the cross-chain information for actions, such as sender, receiver and amount for transfer. 2. To ensure the security of the Oracle, the validators of BC will form anothe quorum of “**Oracle Relayers**”. Each validator of the BC should run a **dedicated process** as the Oracle Relayer. These Oracle Relayers will submit and vote for the cross-chain communication package, like Oracle, onto BC, using the same validator keys. Any package signed by more than ⅔\*N+1 Oracle Relayers’ voting power is as secure as any block signed by ⅔\*N+1 of the same quorum of validators’ voting power. By using the same validator quorum, it saves the light client code on BC and continuous block updates onto BC. Such Oracles also have Oracle IDs and types, to ensure sequencing and proper error handling. ## Timeout and Error Handling There are scenarios that the cross-chain communication fails. For example, the relayed package cannot be executed on BSC due to some coding bug in the contracts. **Timeout and error handling logics are** used in such scenarios. For the recognizable user and system errors or any expected exceptions, the two networks should heal themselves. For example, when BC to BSC transfer fails, BSC will issue a failure event and Oracle Relayers will execute a refund on BC; when BSC to BC transfer fails, BC will issue a refund package for Relayer to relay in order to unlock the fund. However, unexpected error or exception may still happen on any step of the cross-chain communication. In such a case, the Relayers and Oracle Relayers will discover that the corresponding cross-chain channel is stuck in a particular sequence. After a Timeout period, the Relayers and Oracle Relayers can request a “SkipSequence” transaction, the stuck sequence will be marked as “Unexecutable”. A corresponding alerts will be raised, and the community has to discuss how to handle this scenario, e.g. payback via the sponsor of the validators, or event clear the fund during next network upgrade. ## Cross-Chain User Experience Ideally, users expect to use two parallel chains in the same way as they use one single chain. It requires more aggregated transaction types to be added onto the cross-chain communication to enable this, which will add great complexity, tight coupling, and maintenance burden. Here BC and BSC only implement the basic operations to enable the value flow in the initial launch and leave most of the user experience work to client side UI, such as wallets. E.g. a great wallet may allow users to sell a token directly from BSC onto BC’s DEX order book, in a secure way. ## Cross-Chain Contract Event Cross-Chain Contract Event (CCCE) is designed to allow a smart contract to trigger cross-chain transactions, directly through the contract code. This becomes possible based on: 1. Standard system contracts can be provided to serve operations callable by general smart contracts; 2. Standard events can be emitted by the standard contracts; 3. Oracle Relayers can capture the standard events, and trigger the corresponding cross-chain operations; 4. Dedicated, code-managed address (account) can be created on BC and accessed by the contracts on the BSC, here it is named as **“Contract Address on BC” (CAoB)**. Several standard operations are implemented: 1. BSC to BC transfer: this is implemented in the same way as normal BSC to BC transfer, by only triggered via standard contract. The fund can be transferred to any addresses on BC, including the corresponding CAoB of the transfer originating contract. 2. Transfer on BC: this is implemented as a special cross-chain transfer, while the real transfer is from **CAoB** to any other address (even another CAoB). 3. BC to BSC transfer: this is implemented as two-pass cross-chain communication. The first is triggered by the BSC contract and propagated onto BC, and then in the second pass, BC will start a normal BC to BSC cross-chain transfer, from **CAoB** to contract address on BSC. A special note should be paid on that the BSC contract only increases balance upon any transfer coming in on the second pass, and the error handling in the second pass is the same as the normal BC to BSC transfer. 4. IOC (Immediate-Or-Cancel) Trade Out: the primary goal of transferring assets to BC is to trade. This event will instruct to trade a certain amount of an asset in CAoB into another asset as much as possible and transfer out all the results, i.e. the left the source and the traded target tokens of the trade, back to BSC. BC will handle such relayed events by sending an “Immediate-Or-Cancel”, i.e. IOC order onto the trading pairs, once the next matching finishes, the result will be relayed back to BSC, which can be in either one or two assets. 5. Auction Trade Out: Such event will instruct BC to send an auction order to trade a certain amount of an asset in **CAoB** into another asset as much as possible and transfer out all the results back to BSC at the end of the auction. Auction function is upcoming on BC. There are some details for the Trade Out: 1. both can have a limit price (absolute or relative) for the trade; 2. the end result will be written as cross-chain packages to relay back to BSC; 3. cross-chain communication fees may be charged from the asset transferred back to BSC; 4. BSC contract maintains a mirror of the balance and outstanding orders on CAoB. No matter what error happens during the Trade Out, the final status will be propagated back to the originating contract and clear its internal state. With the above features, it simply adds the cross-chain transfer and exchange functions with high liquidity onto all the smart contracts on BSC. It will greatly add the application scenarios on Smart Contract and dApps, and make 1 chain +1 chain > 2 chains. # Staking and Governance Proof of Staked Authority brings in decentralization and community involvement. Its core logic can be summarized as the below. You may see similar ideas from other networks, especially Cosmos and EOS. 1. Token holders, including the validators, can put their tokens “**bonded**” into the stake. Token holders can **delegate** their tokens onto any validator or validator candidate, to expect it can become an actual validator, and later they can choose a different validator or candidate to **re-delegate** their tokens<sup>1</sup>. 2. All validator candidates will be ranked by the number of bonded tokens on them, and the top ones will become the real validators. 3. Validators can share (part of) their blocking reward with their delegators. 4. Validators can suffer from “**Slashing**”, a punishment for their bad behaviors, such as double sign and/or instability. 5. There is an “**unbonding period**” for validators and delegators so that the system makes sure the tokens remain bonded when bad behaviors are caught, the responsible will get slashed during this period. ## Staking on BC Ideally, such staking and reward logic should be built into the blockchain, and automatically executed as the blocking happens. Cosmos Hub, who shares the same Tendermint consensus and libraries with Binance Chain, works in this way. BC has been preparing to enable staking logic since the design days. On the other side, as BSC wants to remain compatible with Ethereum as much as possible, it is a great challenge and efforts to implement such logic on it. This is especially true when Ethereum itself may move into a different Proof of Stake consensus protocol in a short (or longer) time. In order to keep the compatibility and reuse the good foundation of BC, the staking logic of BSC is implemented on BC: 1. The staking token is BNB, as it is a native token on both blockchains anyway 2. The staking, i.e. token bond and delegation actions and records for BSC, happens on BC. 3. The BSC validator set is determined by its staking and delegation logic, via a staking module built on BC for BSC, and propagated every day UTC 00:00 from BC to BSC via Cross-Chain communication. 4. The reward distribution happens on BC around every day UTC 00:00. ## Rewarding Both the validator update and reward distribution happen every day around UTC 00:00. This is to save the cost of frequent staking updates and block reward distribution. This cost can be significant, as the blocking reward is collected on BSC and distributed on BC to BSC validators and delegators. (Please note BC blocking fees will remain rewarding to BC validators only.) A deliberate delay is introduced here to make sure the distribution is fair: 1. The blocking reward will not be sent to validator right away, instead, they will be distributed and accumulated on a contract; 2. Upon receiving the validator set update into BSC, it will trigger a few cross-chain transfers to transfer the reward to custody addresses on the corresponding validators. The custody addresses are owned by the system so that the reward cannot be spent until the promised distribution to delegators happens. 3. In order to make the synchronization simpler and allocate time to accommodate slashing, the reward for N day will be only distributed in N+2 days. After the delegators get the reward, the left will be transferred to validators’ own reward addresses. ## Slashing Slashing is part of the on-chain governance, to ensure the malicious or negative behaviors are punished. BSC slash can be submitted by anyone. The transaction submission requires **slash evidence** and cost fees but also brings a larger reward when it is successful. So far there are two slashable cases. ### Double Sign It is quite a serious error and very likely deliberate offense when a validator signs more than one block with the same height and parent block. The reference protocol implementation should already have logic to prevent this, so only the malicious code can trigger this. When Double Sign happens, the validator should be removed from the Validator **Set** right away. Anyone can submit a slash request on BC with the evidence of Double Sign of BSC, which should contain the 2 block headers with the same height and parent block, sealed by the offending validator. Upon receiving the evidence, if the BC verifies it to be valid: 1. The validator will be removed from validator set by an instance BSC validator set update Cross-Chain update; 2. A predefined amount of BNB would be slashed from the **self-delegated** BNB of the validator; Both validator and its delegators will not receive the staking rewards. 3. Part of the slashed BNB will allocate to the submitter’s address, which is a reward and larger than the cost of submitting slash request transaction 4. The rest of the slashed BNB will allocate to the other validators’ custody addresses, and distributed to all delegators in the same way as blocking reward. ### Inavailability The liveness of BSC relies on everyone in the Proof of Staked Authority validator set can produce blocks timely when it is their turn. Validators can miss their turn due to any reason, especially problems in their hardware, software, configuration or network. This instability of the operation will hurt the performance and introduce more indeterministic into the system. There can be an internal smart contract responsible for recording the missed blocking metrics of each validator. Once the metrics are above the predefined threshold, the blocking reward for validator will not be relayed to BC for distribution but shared with other better validators. In such a way, the poorly-operating validator should be gradually voted out of the validator set as their delegators will receive less or none reward. If the metrics remain above another higher level of threshold, the validator will be dropped from the rotation, and this will be propagated back to BC, then a predefined amount of BNB would be slashed from the **self-delegated** BNB of the validator. Both validators and delegators will not receive their staking rewards. ### Governance Parameters There are many system parameters to control the behavior of the BSC, e.g. slash amount, cross-chain transfer fees. All these parameters will be determined by BSC Validator Set together through a proposal-vote process based on their staking. Such the process will be carried on BC, and the new parameter values will be picked up by corresponding system contracts via a cross-chain communication. # Relayers Relayers are responsible to submit Cross-Chain Communication Packages between the two blockchains. Due to the heterogeneous parallel chain structure, two different types of Relayers are created. ## BSC Relayers Relayers for BC to BSC communication referred to as “**BSC Relayers**”, or just simply “Relayers”. Relayer is a standalone process that can be run by anyone, and anywhere, except that Relayers must register themselves onto BSC and deposit a certain refundable amount of BNB. Only relaying requests from the registered Relayers will be accepted by BSC. The package they relay will be verified by the on-chain light client on BSC. The successful relay needs to pass enough verification and costs gas fees on BSC, and thus there should be incentive reward to encourage the community to run Relayers. ### Incentives There are two major communication types: 1. Users triggered Operations, such as `token bind` or `cross chain transfer`. Users must pay additional fee to as relayer reward. The reward will be shared with the relayers who sync the referenced blockchain headers. Besides, the reward won't be paid the relayers' accounts directly. A reward distribution mechanism will be brought in to avoid monopolization. 2. System Synchronization, such as delivering `refund package`(caused by failures of most oracle relayers), special blockchain header synchronization(header contains BC validatorset update), BSC staking package. System reward contract will pay reward to relayers' accounts directly. If some Relayers have faster networks and better hardware, they can monopolize all the package relaying and leave no reward to others. Thus fewer participants will join for relaying, which encourages centralization and harms the efficiency and security of the network. Ideally, due to the decentralization and dynamic re-election of BSC validators, one Relayer can hardly be always the first to relay every message. But in order to avoid the monopolization further, the rewarding economy is also specially designed to minimize such chance: 1. The reward for Relayers will be only distributed in batches, and one batch will cover a number of successful relayed packages. 2. The reward a Relayer can get from a batch distribution is not linearly in proportion to their number of successful relayed packages. Instead, except the first a few relays, the more a Relayer relays during a batch period, the less reward it will collect. ## Oracle Relayers Relayers for BSC to BC communication are using the “Oracle” model, and so-called “**Oracle Relayers**”. Each of the validators must, and only the ones of the validator set, run Oracle Relayers. Each Oracle Relayer watches the blockchain state change. Once it catches Cross-Chain Communication Packages, it will submit to vote for the requests. After Oracle Relayers from ⅔ of the voting power of BC validators vote for the changes, the cross-chain actions will be performed. Oracle Replayers should wait for enough blocks to confirm the finality on BSC before submitting and voting for the cross-chain communication packages onto BC. The cross-chain fees will be distributed to BC validators together with the normal BC blocking rewards. Such oracle type relaying depends on all the validators to support. As all the votes for the cross-chain communication packages are recorded on the blockchain, it is not hard to have a metric system to assess the performance of the Oracle Relayers. The poorest performer may have their rewards clawed back via another Slashing logic introduced in the future. # Outlook It is hard to conclude for Binance Chain, as it has never stopped evolving. The dual-chain strategy is to open the gate for users to take advantage of the fast transferring and trading on one side, and flexible and extendable programming on the other side, but it will be one stop along the development of Binance Chain. Here below are the topics to look into so as to facilitate the community better for more usability and extensibility: 1. Add different digital asset model for different business use cases 2. Enable more data feed, especially DEX market data, to be communicated from Binance DEX to BSC 3. Provide interface and compatibility to integrate with Ethereum, including its further upgrade, and other blockchain 4. Improve client side experience to manage wallets and use blockchain more conveniently ------ [1]: BNB business practitioners may provide other benefits for BNB delegators, as they do now for long term BNB holders.
SOYJUN / Application With Raw IP SocketsOverview For this assignment you will be developing an application that uses raw IP sockets to ‘walk’ around an ordered list of nodes (given as a command line argument at the ‘source’ node, which is the node at which the tour was initiated), in a manner similar to the IP SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) option. At each node, the application pings the preceding node in the tour. However, unlike the ping code in Stevens, you will be sending the ping ICMP echo request messages through a SOCK_RAW-type PF_PACKET socket and implementing ARP functionality to find the Ethernet address of the target node. Finally, when the ‘walk’ is completed, the group of nodes visited on the tour will exchange multicast messages. Your code will consist of two process modules, a ‘Tour’ application module (which will implement all the functionality outlined above, except for ARP activity) and an ARP module. The following should prove to be useful reference material for the assignment: Sections 21.2, 21.3, 21.6 and 21.10, Chapter 21, on Multicasting. Sections 27.1 to 27.3, Chapter 27, on the IP SSRR option. Sections 28.1 to 28.5, Chapter 28, on raw sockets, the IP_HDRINCL socket option, and ping. Sections 15.5, Chapter 15, on Unix domain SOCK_STREAM sockets. Figure 29.14, p. 807, and the corresponding explanation on p. 806, on filling in an IP header when the IP_HDRINCL socket option is in effect. The Lecture Slides on ARP & RARP (especially Section 4.4, ARP Packet Format, and the Figure 4.3 it includes). The link http://www.pdbuchan.com/rawsock/rawsock.html contains useful code samples that use IP raw sockets and PF_PACKET sockets. Note, in partcular, the code “icmp4_ll.c” in Table 2 for building an echo request sent through a PF_PACKET SOCK_RAW socket. The VMware environment You will be using the same vm1 , . . . . . , vm10 nodes you used for Assignment 3. However, unlike Assignment 3, you should use only interfaces eth0 and their associated IP addresses and ignore the other Ethernet interfaces that nodes have (interfaces eth0 make vm1 , . . . . . , vm10 look as if they belong to the same Ethernet LAN segment IP network 130.245.156.0/24). Note that, apart from the primary IP addresses associated with interfaces eth0, some nodes might also have one or more alias IP addresses associated with their interface eth0. Tour application module specifications The application will create a total of four sockets: two IP raw sockets, a PF_PACKET socket and a UDP socket for multicasting. We shall call the two IP raw sockets the ‘rt ’ (‘route traversal’) and ‘pg ’ (‘ping’) sockets, respectively. The rt socket should have the IP_HDRINCL option set. You will only be receiving ICMP echo reply messages through the pg socket (and not sending echo requests), so it does not matter whether it has the IP_HDRINCL option set or not. The pg socket should have protocol value (i.e., protocol demultiplexing key in the IP header) IPPROTO_ICMP. The rt socket should have a protocol value that identifies the application - i.e., some value other than the IPPROTO_XXXX values in /usr/include/netinet/in.h. However, remember that you will all be running your code using the same root account on the vm1 , . . . . . , vm10 nodes. So if two of you happen to choose the same protocol value and happen to be running on the same vm node at the same time, your applications will receive each other’s IP packets. For that reason, try to choose a protocol value for your rt socket that is likely to be unique to yourself. The PF_PACKET socket should be of type SOCK_RAW (not SOCK_DGRAM). This socket should have a protocol value of ETH_P_IP = 0x0800 (IPv4). The UDP socket for multicasting will be discussed below. Note that, depending on how you choose to bind that socket, you might actually need to have two UDP sockets for multicast communication – see bottom of p. 576, Section 21.10. Your application will, of course, have to be running on every vm node that is included in the tour. When evoking the application on the source node, the user supplies a sequence of vm node names (not IP addresses) to be visited in order. This command line sequence starts with the next node to be visited from the source node (i.e., it does not start with the source node itself). The sequence can include any number of repeated visits to the same node. For example, suppose that the source node is vm3 and the executable is called badr_tour : [root@vm3/root]# badr_tour vm2 vm10 vm4 vm7 vm5 vm2 vm6 vm2 vm9 vm4 vm7 vm2 vm6 vm5 vm1 vm10 vm8 (but note that the tour does not necessarily have to visit every vm node; and the same node should not appear consequentively in the tour list – i.e., the next node on the tour cannot be the current node itself). The application turns the sequence into a list of IP addresses for source routing. It also adds the IP address of the source node itself to the beginning of the list. The list thus produced will be carried as the payload of an IP packet, not as a SSRR option in the packet header. It is our application which will ensure that every node in the sequence is visited in order, not the IP SSRR capability. The source node should also add to the list an IP multicast address and a port number of its choice. It should also join the multicast group at that address and port number on its UDP socket. The TTL for outgoing multicasts should be set to 1. The application then fills in the header of an IP packet, designating itself as the IP source, and the next node to be visited as the IP destination. The packet is sent out on the rt socket. Note that on Linux, all the fields of the packet header must be in network byte order (Stevens, Section 28.3, p. 737, the fourth bullet point). When filling in the packet header, you should explicitly fill in the identification field (recall that, with the IP_HDRINCL socket option, if the identification field is given value 0, then the kernel will set its value). Try to make sure that the value you choose is likely to be unique to yourself (for reasons similar to those explained with respect to the IPPROTO_XXXX in 1. above). When a node receives an IP packet on its rt socket, it should first check that the identification field carries the right value (this implies that you will hard code your choice of identification field value determined in item 2 above in your code). If the identification field value does not check out, the packet is ignored. For a valid packet : Print out a message along the lines of: <time> received source routing packet from <hostname> <time> is the current time in human-readable format (see lines 19 & 20 in Figure 1.9, p. 14, and the corresponding explanation on p. 14f.), and <hostname> is the host name corresponding to the source IP address in the header of the received packet. If this is the first time the node is visited, the application should use the multicast address and port number in the packet received to join the multicast group on its UDP socket. The TTL for outgoing multicasts should be set to 1. The application updates the list in the payload, so that the next node in the tour can easily identify what the next hop from itself will be when it receives the packet. How you do this I leave up to you. You could, for example, include as part of the payload a pointer field into the list of nodes to be visited. This pointer would then be updated to the next entry in the list as the packet progresses hop by hop (see Figure 27.1 and the associated explanation on pp. 711-712). Other solutions are, of course, possible. The application then fills in a new IP header, designating itself as the IP source, and the next node to be visited as the IP destination. The identification field should be set to the same value as in the received packet. The packet is sent out on the rt socket. The node should also initiate pinging to the preceding node in the tour (the IP address of which it should pick up from the header of the received packet). However, unlike the Stevens ping code, it will be using the SOCK_RAW-type PF_PACKET socket of item 1 above to send the ICMP echo request messages. Before it can send echo request messages, the application has to call on the ARP module you will implement to get the Ethernet address of this preceding / ‘target’ node; this call is made using the API function areq which you will also implement (see sections ARP module specifications & API specifications below). Note that ARP has to be evoked every time the application wants to send out an echo request message, and not just the first time. An echo request message has to be encapsulated in a properly-formulated IP packet, which is in turn encapsulated in a properly-formulated Ethernet frame transmitted out through the PF_PACKET socket ; otherwise, ICMP at the source node will not receive it. You will have to modify Stevens’ ping code accordingly, specifically, the send_v4 function. In particular, the Ethernet frame must have a value of ETH_P_IP = 0x0800 (IPv4 – see <linux/if_ether.h>) in the frame type / ‘length’ field ; and the encapsulated IP packet must have a value of IPPROTO_ICMP = 0x01 (ICMPv4 – see <netinet_in.h>) in its protocol field. You should also simplify the ping code in its entirety by stripping all the ‘indirection’ IPv4 / IPv6 dual-operability paraphernalia and making the code work just for IPv4. Also note that the functions host_serv and freeaddrinfo, together with the associated structure addrinfo (see Sections 11.6, 11.8 & 11.11), in Figures 27.3, 27.6 & 28.5 ( pp. 713, 716 & 744f., respectively) can be replaced by the function gethostbyname and associated structure hostent (see Section 11.3) where needed. Also, there is no ‘-v’ verbose option, so this too should be stripped from Stevens’ code. When a node is ready to start pinging, it first prints out a ‘PING’ message similar to lines 32-33 of Figure 28.5, p. 744. It then builds up ICMP echo request messages and sends them to the source node every 1 second through the PF_PACKET socket. It also reads incoming echo response messages off the pg socket, in response to which it prints out the same kind of output as the code of Figure 28.8, p. 748. If this node and its preceding node have been previously visited in that order during the tour, then pinging would have already been initiated from the one to the other in response to the first visit, and nothing further should nor need be done during second and subsequent visits. In light of the above, note that once a node initiates pinging, it needs to read from both its rt and pg sockets, necessitating the use of the select function. As will be clear from what follows below, the application will anyway be needing also to simultaneously monitor its UDP socket for incoming multicast datagrams. When the last node on the tour is reached, and if this is the first time it is visited, it joins the multicast group and starts pinging the preceding node (if it is not already doing so). After a few echo replies are received (five, say), it sends out the multicast message below on its UDP socket (i.e., the node should wait about five seconds before sending the multicast message) : <<<<< This is node vmi . Tour has ended . Group members please identify yourselves. >>>>> where vmi is the name (not IP address) of the node. The node should also print this message out on stdout preceded, on the same line, by the phrase: Node vmi . Sending: <then print out the message sent>. Each node vmj receiving this message should print out the message received preceded, on the same line, by the phrase: Node vmj . Received <then print out the message received>. Each such node in step a above should then immediately stop its pinging activity. The node should then send out the following multicast message: <<<<< Node vmj . I am a member of the group. >>>>> and print out this message preceded, on the same line, by the phrase: Node vmj . Sending: <then print out the message sent>. Each node receiving these second multicast messages (i.e., the messages that nodes – including itself – sent out in step c above) should print each such message out preceded, on the same line, by the phrase: Node vmk . Received: <then print out the message received>. Reading from the socket in step d above should be implemented with a 5-second timeout. When the timeout expires, the node should print out another message to the effect that it is terminating the Tour application, and gracefully exit its Tour process. Note that under Multicast specifications, the last node in the tour, which sends out the End of Tour message, should itself receive a copy of that message and, when it does, it should behave exactly as do the other nodes in steps a. – e. above. ARP module specifications Your executable is evoked with no command line arguments. Like the Tour module, it will be running on every vm node. It uses the get_hw_addrs function of Assignment 3 to explore its node’s interfaces and build a set of <IP address , HW address> matching pairs for all eth0 interface IP addresses (including alias IP addresses, if any). Write out to stdout in some appropriately clear format the address pairs found. The module creates two sockets: a PF_PACKET socket and a Unix domain socket. The PF_PACKET should be of type SOCK_RAW (not type SOCK_DGRAM) with a protocol value of your choice (but not one of the standard values defined in <linux/if_ether.h>) which is, hopefully, unique to yourself. This value effectively becomes the protocol value for your implementation of ARP. Because this protocol value will be carried in the frame type / ‘length’ field of the Ethernet frame header (see Figure 4.3 of the ARP & RARP handout), the value chosen should be not less than 1536 (0x600) so that it is not misinterpreted as the length of an Ethernet 802.3 frame. The Unix domain socket should be of type SOCK_STREAM (not SOCK_DGRAM). It is a listening socket bound to a ‘well-known’ sun_path file. This socket will be used to communicate with the function areq that is implemented in the Tour module (see the section API specifications below). In this context, areq will act as the client and the ARP module as the server. The ARP module then sits in an infinite loop, monitoring these two sockets. As ARP request messages arrive on the PF_PACKET socket, the module processes them, and responds with ARP reply messages as appropriate. The protocol builds a ‘cache’ of matching <IP address , HW address> pairs from the replies (and requests – see below) it receives. For simplicity, and unlike the real ARP, we shall not implement timing out mechanisms for these cache entries. A cache entry has five parts: (i) IP address ; (ii) HW address ; (iii) sll_ifindex (the interface to be used for reaching the matching pair <(i) , (ii)>) ; (iv) sll_hatype ; and (v) a Unix-domain connection-socket descriptor for a connected client (see the section API specifications below for the latter three). When an ARP reply is being entered in the cache, the ARP module uses the socket descriptor in (v) to send a reply to the client, closes the connection socket, and deletes the socket descriptor from the cache entry. Note that, like the real ARP, when an ARP request is received by a node, and if the request pertains to that receiving node, the sender’s (see Figure 4.3 of the ARP & RARP handout) <IP address, HW address> matching pair should be entered into the cache if it is not already there (together, of course, with (iii) sll_ifindex & (iv) sll_hatype), or updated if need be if such an entry already exists in the cache. If the ARP request received does not pertain to the node receiving it, but there is already an entry in that receiving node's cache for the sender’s <IP address, HW address> matching pair, that entry should be checked and updated if need be. If there is no such entry, no action is taken (in particular, and unlike the case above, no new entry should be made in the receiving node's cache of the sender’s <IP address, HW address> matching pair if such an entry does not already exist). ARP request and reply messages have the same format as Figure 4.3 of the ARP & RARP handout, but with an extra 2-byte identification field added at the beginning which you fill with a value chosen so that it has a high probability of being unique to yourself. This value is to be echoed in the reply message, and helps to act as a further filter in case some other student happens to have fortuitously chosen the same value as yourself for the protocol parameter of the ARP PF_PACKET. Values in the fields of our ARP messages must be in network byte order. You might find the system header file <linux/if_arp.h> useful for manipulating ARP request and reply messages, but remember that our version of these messages have an extra two-byte field as mentioned above. Your code should print out on stdout, in some appropriately clear format, the contents of the Ethernet frame header and ARP request message you send. As described in Section 4.4 of the ARP & RARP handout, the node that responds to the request should, in its reply message, swap the two sender addresses with the two target addresses, as well as, of course, echo back the extra identification field sent with the request. The protocol at this responding node should print out, in an appropriately clear format, both the request frame (header and ARP message) it receives and the reply frame it sends. Similarly, the node that sent the request should print out the reply frame it receives. Finally, recall that the node issuing the request sends out a broadcast Ethernet frame, but the responding node replies with a unicast frame. API specifications The API is for communication between the Tour process and the ARP process. It consists of a single function, areq, implemented in the Tour module. areq is called by send_v4 function of the application every time the latter want to send out an ICMP echo request message: int areq (struct sockaddr *IPaddr, socklen_t sockaddrlen, struct hwaddr *HWaddr); IPaddr contains the primary or alias IPaddress of a ‘target’ node on the LAN for which the corresponding hardware address is being requested. hwaddr is a new structure (and not a pre-existing type) modeled on the sockaddr_ll of PF_PACKET; you will have to declare it in your code. It is used to return the requested hardware address to the caller of areq : structure hwaddr { int sll_ifindex; /* Interface number */ unsigned short sll_hatype; /* Hardware type */ unsigned char sll_halen; /* Length of address */ unsigned char sll_addr[8]; /* Physical layer address */ }; areq creates a Unix domain socket of type SOCK_STREAM and connects to the ‘well-known’ sun_path file of the ARP listening socket. It sends the IP address from parameter IPaddr and the information in the three fields of parameter HWaddr to ARP. It then blocks on a read awaiting a reply from ARP. This read should be backed up by a timeout since it is possible that no reply is received for the request. If a timeout occurs, areq should close the socket and return to its caller indicating failure (through its int return value). Your application code should print out on stdout, in some appropriately clear format, a notification every time areq is called, giving the IP address for which a HW address is being sought. It should similarly print out the result when the call to areq returns (HW address returned, or failure). When the ARP module receives a request for a HW address from areq through its Unix domain listening socket, it first checks if the required HW address is already in the cache. If so, it can respond immediately to the areq and close the Unix domain connection socket. Else : it makes an ‘incomplete’ entry in the cache, consisting of parts (i), (iii), (iv) and (v) ; puts out an ARP request message on the network on its PF_PACKET socket; and starts monitoring the areq connection socket for readability – if the areq client closes the connection socket (this would occur in response to a timeout in areq), ARP deletes the corresponding incomplete entry from the cache (and ignores any subsequent ARP reply from the network if such is received). On the other hand, if ARP receives a reply from the network, it updates the incomplete cache entry, responds to areq, and closes the connection socket.
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Useful for lazy initialization. var once = function (func) { var ran = false, memo; return function () { if (ran) return memo; ran = true; memo = func.apply(this, arguments); func = null; return memo; }; }; var has = wallace-best.isOwn; var keys = Object.keys || function (obj) { if (obj !== Object(obj)) throw new TypeError('Invalid object'); var keys = []; for (var key in obj) if (has(obj, key)) keys[keys.length] = key; return keys; }; var slice = [].slice; // Backbone.Events // --------------- // A module that can be mixed in to *any object* in order to provide it with // custom events. You may bind with `on` or remove with `off` callback // functions to an event; `trigger`-ing an event fires all callbacks in // succession. // // var object = {}; // _.extend(object, Backbone.Events); // object.on('expand', function(){ alert('expanded'); }); // object.trigger('expand'); // var Events = { // Bind an event to a `callback` function. Passing `"all"` will bind // the callback to all events fired. on: function (name, callback, context) { if (!eventsApi(this, 'on', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; this._events = this._events || {}; var events = this._events[name] || (this._events[name] = []); events.push({callback: callback, context: context, ctx: context || this}); return this; }, // Bind an event to only be triggered a single time. After the first time // the callback is invoked, it will be removed. once: function (name, callback, context) { if (!eventsApi(this, 'once', name, [callback, context]) || !callback) return this; var self = this; var onced = once(function () { self.off(name, onced); callback.apply(this, arguments); }); onced._callback = callback; return this.on(name, onced, context); }, // Remove one or many callbacks. If `context` is null, removes all // callbacks with that function. If `callback` is null, removes all // callbacks for the event. If `name` is null, removes all bound // callbacks for all events. off: function (name, callback, context) { var retain, ev, events, names, i, l, j, k; if (!this._events || !eventsApi(this, 'off', name, [callback, context])) return this; if (!name && !callback && !context) { this._events = {}; return this; } names = name ? [name] : keys(this._events); for (i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { name = names[i]; if (events = this._events[name]) { this._events[name] = retain = []; if (callback || context) { for (j = 0, k = events.length; j < k; j++) { ev = events[j]; if ((callback && callback !== ev.callback && callback !== ev.callback._callback) || (context && context !== ev.context)) { retain.push(ev); } } } if (!retain.length) delete this._events[name]; } } return this; }, // Trigger one or many events, firing all bound callbacks. Callbacks are // passed the same arguments as `trigger` is, apart from the event name // (unless you're listening on `"all"`, which will cause your callback to // receive the true name of the event as the first argument). trigger: function (name) { if (!this._events) return this; var args = slice.call(arguments, 1); if (!eventsApi(this, 'trigger', name, args)) return this; var events = this._events[name]; var allEvents = this._events.all; if (events) triggerEvents(events, args); if (allEvents) triggerEvents(allEvents, arguments); return this; }, // Tell this object to stop listening to either specific events ... or // to every object it's currently listening to. stopListening: function (obj, name, callback) { var listeners = this._listeners; if (!listeners) return this; var deleteListener = !name && !callback; if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; if (obj) (listeners = {})[obj._listenerId] = obj; for (var id in listeners) { listeners[id].off(name, callback, this); if (deleteListener) delete this._listeners[id]; } return this; } }; // Regular expression used to split event strings. var eventSplitter = /\s+/; // Implement fancy features of the Events API such as multiple event // names `"change blur"` and jQuery-style event maps `{change: action}` // in terms of the existing API. var eventsApi = function (obj, action, name, rest) { if (!name) return true; // Handle event maps. if (typeof name === 'object') { for (var key in name) { obj[action].apply(obj, [key, name[key]].concat(rest)); } return false; } // Handle space separated event names. if (eventSplitter.test(name)) { var names = name.split(eventSplitter); for (var i = 0, l = names.length; i < l; i++) { obj[action].apply(obj, [names[i]].concat(rest)); } return false; } return true; }; // A difficult-to-believe, but optimized internal dispatch function for // triggering events. Tries to keep the usual cases speedy (most internal // Backbone events have 3 arguments). var triggerEvents = function (events, args) { var ev, i = -1, l = events.length, a1 = args[0], a2 = args[1], a3 = args[2]; switch (args.length) { case 0: while (++i < l) { (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx); } return; case 1: while (++i < l) { (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1); } return; case 2: while (++i < l) { (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2); } return; case 3: while (++i < l) { (ev = events[i]).callback.call(ev.ctx, a1, a2, a3); } return; default: while (++i < l) { (ev = events[i]).callback.apply(ev.ctx, args); } } }; var listenMethods = {listenTo: 'on', listenToOnce: 'once'}; // Inversion-of-control versions of `on` and `once`. Tell *this* object to // listen to an event in another object ... keeping track of what it's // listening to. wallace-best.each(listenMethods, function (implementation, method) { Events[method] = function (obj, name, callback) { var listeners = this._listeners || (this._listeners = {}); var id = obj._listenerId || (obj._listenerId = wallace-best.getUid('l')); listeners[id] = obj; if (typeof name === 'object') callback = this; obj[implementation](name, callback, this); return this; }; }); // Aliases for backwards compatibility. Events.bind = Events.on; Events.unbind = Events.off; return Events; }); // used for /follow/ /login/ /signup/ social oauth dialogs // faking the bus wallace-best.use('Bus'); _.extend(DISQUS.Bus, wallace-best.Events); </script> <script src="//a.disquscdn.com/1391808583/js/src/global.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="//a.disquscdn.com/1391808583/js/src/ga_events.js" charset="utf-8"></script> <script src="//a.disquscdn.com/1391808583/js/src/messagesx.js"></script> <!-- start Mixpanel --><script type="text/javascript">(function(e,b){if(!b.__SV){var a,f,i,g;window.mixpanel=b;a=e.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=!0;a.src=("https:"===e.location.protocol?"https:":"http:")+'//cdn.mxpnl.com/libs/mixpanel-2.2.min.js';f=e.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];f.parentNode.insertBefore(a,f);b._i=[];b.init=function(a,e,d){function f(b,h){var a=h.split(".");2==a.length&&(b=b[a[0]],h=a[1]);b[h]=function(){b.push([h].concat(Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments,0)))}}var c=b;"undefined"!== typeof d?c=b[d]=[]:d="mixpanel";c.people=c.people||[];c.toString=function(b){var a="mixpanel";"mixpanel"!==d&&(a+="."+d);b||(a+=" (stub)");return a};c.people.toString=function(){return c.toString(1)+".people (stub)"};i="disable track track_pageview track_links track_forms register register_once alias unregister identify name_tag set_config people.set people.set_once people.increment people.append people.track_charge people.clear_charges people.delete_user".split(" ");for(g=0;g<i.length;g++)f(c,i[g]); b._i.push([a,e,d])};b.__SV=1.2}})(document,window.mixpanel||[]); mixpanel.init('17b27902cd9da8972af8a3c43850fa5f', { track_pageview: false, debug: false }); </script><!-- end Mixpanel --> <script src="//a.disquscdn.com/1391808583//js/src/funnelcake.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> if (window.AB_TESTS === undefined) { var AB_TESTS = {}; } $(function() { if (context.auth.username !== undefined) { disqus.messagesx.init(context.auth.username); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> // Global tests $(document).ready(function() { $('a[rel*=facebox]').facebox(); }); </script> <script type="text/x-underscore-template" data-template-name="global-nav"> <% var has_custom_avatar = data.avatar_url && data.avatar_url.indexOf('noavatar') < 0; %> <% var has_custom_username = data.username && data.username.indexOf('disqus_') < 0; %> <% if (data.username) { %> <li class="<%= data.forWebsitesClasses || '' %>" data-analytics="header for websites"><a href="<%= data.urlMap.for_websites %>">For Websites</a></li> <li data-analytics="header dashboard"><a href="<%= data.urlMap.dashboard %>">Dashboard</a></li> <% if (data.has_forums) { %> <li class="admin<% if (has_custom_avatar || !has_custom_username) { %> avatar-menu-admin<% } %>" data-analytics="header admin"><a href="<%= data.urlMap.admin %>">Admin</a></li> <% } %> <li class="user-dropdown dropdown-toggle<% if (has_custom_avatar || !has_custom_username) { %> avatar-menu<% } else { %> username-menu<% } %>" data-analytics="header username dropdown" data-floater-marker="<% if (has_custom_avatar || !has_custom_username) { %>square<% } %>"> <a href="<%= data.urlMap.home %>/<%= data.username %>/"> <% if (has_custom_avatar) { %> <img src="<%= data.avatar_url %>" class="avatar"> <% } else if (has_custom_username) { %> <%= data.username %> <% } else { %> <img src="<%= data.avatar_url %>" class="avatar"> <% } %> <span class="caret"></span> </a> <ul class="clearfix dropdown"> <li data-analytics="header view profile"><a href="<%= data.urlMap.home %>/<%= data.username %>/">View Profile</a></li> <li class="edit-profile js-edit-profile" data-analytics="header edit profile"><a href="<%= data.urlMap.dashboard %>#account">Edit Profile</a></li> <li class="logout" data-analytics="header logout"><a href="<%= data.urlMap.logout %>">Logout</a></li> </ul> </li> <% } else { %> <li class="<%= data.forWebsitesClasses || '' %>" data-analytics="header for websites"><a href="<%= data.urlMap.for_websites %>">For Websites</a></li> <li class="link-login" data-analytics="header login"><a href="<%= data.urlMap.login %>?next=<%= encodeURIComponent(document.location.href) %>">Log in</a></li> <% } %> </script> <!--[if lte IE 7]> <script src="//a.wallace-bestdn.com/1391808583/js/src/border_box_model.js"></script> <![endif]--> <!--[if lte IE 8]> <script src="//cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/modernizr/2.5.3/modernizr.min.js"></script> <script src="//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/js/src/selectivizr.js"></script> <![endif]--> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, user-scalable=no"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <script type="text/javascript" charset="utf-8"> // Network tests $(document).ready(function() { $('a[rel*=facebox]').facebox(); }); </script> </head> <body class=""> <header class="global-header"> <div> <nav class="global-nav"> <a href="/" class="logo" data-analytics="site logo"><img src="//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/img/disqus-logo-alt-hidpi.png" width="150" alt="wallace-best" title="wallace-best - Discover your community"/></a> </nav> </div> </header> <section class="login"> <form id="login-form" action="https://disqus.com/profile/login/?next=http://wallace-best.wallace-best.com/admin/moderate/" method="post" accept-charset="utf-8"> <h1>Sign in to continue</h1> <input type="text" name="username" tabindex="20" placeholder="Email or Username" value=""/> <div class="password-container"> <input type="password" name="password" tabindex="21" placeholder="Password" /> <span>(<a href="https://wallace-best.com/forgot/">forgot?</a>)</span> </div> <button type="submit" class="button submit" data-analytics="sign-in">Log in to wallace-best</button> <span class="create-account"> <a href="https://wallace-best.com/profile/signup/?next=http%3A//wallace-best.wallace-best.com/admin/moderate/" data-analytics="create-account"> Create an Account </a> </span> <h1 class="or-login">Alternatively, you can log in using:</h1> <div class="connect-options"> <button title="facebook" type="button" class="facebook-auth"> <span class="auth-container"> <img src="//a.wallace-bestdn.com/1391808583/img/icons/facebook.svg" alt="Facebook"> <!--[if lte IE 7]> <img src="//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/img/icons/facebook.png" alt="Facebook"> <![endif]--> </span> </button> <button title="twitter" type="button" class="twitter-auth"> <span class="auth-container"> <img src="//a.wallace-bestdn.com/1391808583/img/icons/twitter.svg" alt="Twitter"> <!--[if lte IE 7]> <img src="//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/img/icons/twitter.png" alt="Twitter"> <![endif]--> </span> </button> <button title="google" type="button" class="google-auth"> <span class="auth-container"> <img src="//a.wallace-bestdn.com/1391808583/img/icons/google.svg" alt="Google"> <!--[if lte IE 7]> <img src="//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/img/icons/google.png" alt="Google"> <![endif]--> </span> </button> </div> </form> </section> <div class="get-disqus"> <a href="https://wallace-best.com/admin/signup/" data-analytics="get-disqus">Get wallace-best for your site</a> </div> <script> /*jshint undef:true, browser:true, maxlen:100, strict:true, expr:true, white:true */ // These must be global var _comscore, _gaq; (function (doc) { "use strict"; // Convert Django template variables to JS variables var debug = false, gaKey = '', gaPunt = '', gaCustomVars = { component: 'website', forum: '', version: 'v5' }, gaSlots = { component: 1, forum: 3, version: 4 }; /**/ gaKey = gaCustomVars.component == 'website' ? 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'https://ssl' : 'http://www'; // Dev tip: if you cannot use the Google Analytics Debug Chrome extension, // https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/jnkmfdileelhofjcijamephohjechhna // you can replace /ga.js on the following line with /u/ga_debug.js // But if you do that, PLEASE DON'T COMMIT THE CHANGE! Kthxbai. ga.src = prefix + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; p.insertBefore(ga, s); }(document)); </script> <script> (function (){ // adds a classname for css to target the current page without passing in special things from the server or wherever // replacing all characters not allowable in classnames var newLocation = encodeURIComponent(window.location.pathname).replace(/[\.!~*'\(\)]/g, '_'); // cleaning up remaining url-encoded symbols for clarity sake newLocation = newLocation.replace(/%2F/g, '-').replace(/^-/, '').replace(/-$/, ''); if (newLocation === '') { newLocation = 'homepage'; } $('body').addClass('' + newLocation); }()); $(function ($) { // adds 'page-active' class to links matching the page url $('a[href="' + window.location.pathname + '"]').addClass('page-active'); }); $(document).delegate('[data-toggle-selector]', 'click', function (e) { var $this = $(this); $($this.attr('data-toggle-selector')).toggle(); e.preventDefault(); }); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> wallace-best.define('web.urls', function () { return { twitter: 'https://wallace-best.com/_ax/twitter/begin/', google: 'https://wallace-best.com/_ax/google/begin/', facebook: 'https://wallace-best.com/_ax/facebook/begin/', dashboard: 'http://wallace-best.com/dashboard/' } }); $(document).ready(function () { var usernameInput = $("input[name=username]"); if (usernameInput[0].value) { $("input[name=password]").focus(); } else { usernameInput.focus(); } }); </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/js/src/social_login.js"> <script type="text/javascript"> $(function() { var options = { authenticated: (context.auth.username !== undefined), moderated_forums: context.auth.moderated_forums, user_id: context.auth.user_id, track_clicks: !!context.switches.website_click_analytics, forum: context.forum }; wallace-best.funnelcake.init(options); }); </script> <!-- helper jQuery tmpl partials --> <script type="text/x-jquery-tmpl" id="profile-metadata-tmpl"> data-profile-username="${username}" data-profile-hash="${emailHash}" href="/${username}" </script> <script type="text/x-jquery-tmpl" id="profile-link-tmpl"> <a class="profile-launcher" {{tmpl "#profile-metadata-tmpl"}} href="/${username}">${name}</a> </script> <script src="//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/js/src/templates.js"></script> <script src="//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/js/src/modals.js"></script> <script> wallace-best.ui.config({ disqusUrl: 'https://disqus.com', mediaUrl: '//a.wallace-bestcdn.com/1391808583/' }); </script> </body> </html>
component / Queuefunction job queue with concurrency and timeout support
Gabriel1231n2j3n / Hacks Para Krunker// ==UserScript== // @name aimbot gratis para krunker.io // @description Este es el mejor aimbot mod menuq puedas obtener // @version 2.19 // @author Gabriel - // @iconURL 31676a4e532e706e673f7261773d74727565.png // @match *://krunker.io/* // @exclude *://krunker.io/editor* // @exclude *://krunker.io/social* // @run-at document-start // @grant none // @noframes // ==/UserScript== /* eslint-env es6 */ /* eslint-disable no-caller, no-undef, no-loop-func */ var CRC2d = CanvasRenderingContext2D.prototype; var skid, skidStr = [...Array(8)].map(_ => 'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'[~~(Math.random()*52)]).join(''); class Skid { constructor() { skid = this; this.downKeys = new Set(); this.settings = null; this.vars = {}; this.playerMaps = []; this.skinCache = {}; this.inputFrame = 0; this.renderFrame = 0; this.fps = 0; this.lists = { renderESP: { off: "Off", walls: "Walls", twoD: "2d", full: "Full" }, renderChams: { off: "Off", white: "White", blue: "Blue", teal: "Teal", purple: "Purple", green: "Green", yellow: "Yellow", red: "Red", }, autoBhop: { off: "Off", autoJump: "Auto Jump", keyJump: "Key Jump", autoSlide: "Auto Slide", keySlide: "Key Slide" }, autoAim: { off: "Off", correction: "Aim Correction", assist: "Legit Aim Assist", easyassist: "Easy Aim Assist", silent: "Silent Aim", trigger: "Trigger Bot", quickScope: "Quick Scope" }, audioStreams: { off: 'Off', _2000s: 'General German/English', _HipHopRNB: 'Hip Hop / RNB', _Oldskool: 'Hip Hop Oldskool', _Country: 'Country', _Pop: 'Pop', _Dance: 'Dance', _Dubstep: 'DubStep', _Lowfi: 'LoFi HipHop', _Jazz: 'Jazz', _Oldies: 'Golden Oldies', _Club: 'Club', _Folk: 'Folk', _ClassicRock: 'Classic Rock', _Metal: 'Heavy Metal', _DeathMetal: 'Death Metal', _Classical: 'Classical', _Alternative: 'Alternative', }, } this.consts = { twoPI: Math.PI * 2, halfPI: Math.PI / 2, playerHeight: 11, cameraHeight: 1.5, headScale: 2, armScale: 1.3, armInset: 0.1, chestWidth: 2.6, hitBoxPad: 1, crouchDst: 3, recoilMlt: 0.3, nameOffset: 0.6, nameOffsetHat: 0.8, }; this.key = { frame: 0, delta: 1, xdir: 2, ydir: 3, moveDir: 4, shoot: 5, scope: 6, jump: 7, reload: 8, crouch: 9, weaponScroll: 10, weaponSwap: 11, moveLock: 12 }; this.css = { noTextShadows: `*, .button.small, .bigShadowT { text-shadow: none !important; }`, hideAdverts: `#aMerger, #endAMerger { display: none !important }`, hideSocials: `.headerBarRight > .verticalSeparator, .imageButton { display: none }`, cookieButton: `#onetrust-consent-sdk { display: none !important }`, newsHolder: `#newsHolder { display: none !important }`, }; this.isProxy = Symbol("isProxy"); this.spinTimer = 1800; let wait = setInterval(_ => { this.head = document.head||document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] if (this.head) { clearInterval(wait); Object.entries(this.css).forEach(entry => { this.css[entry[0]] = this.createElement("style", entry[1]); }) this.onLoad(); } }, 100); } canStore() { return this.isDefined(Storage); } saveVal(name, val) { if (this.canStore()) localStorage.setItem("kro_utilities_"+name, val); } deleteVal(name) { if (this.canStore()) localStorage.removeItem("kro_utilities_"+name); } getSavedVal(name) { if (this.canStore()) return localStorage.getItem("kro_utilities_"+name); return null; } isType(item, type) { return typeof item === type; } isDefined(object) { return !this.isType(object, "undefined") && object !== null; } isNative(fn) { return (/^function\s*[a-z0-9_\$]*\s*\([^)]*\)\s*\{\s*\[native code\]\s*\}/i).test('' + fn) } getStatic(s, d) { return this.isDefined(s) ? s : d } crossDomain(url) { return "https://crossorigin.me/" + url; } async waitFor(test, timeout_ms = 20000, doWhile = null) { let sleep = (ms) => new Promise((resolve) => setTimeout(resolve, ms)); return new Promise(async (resolve, reject) => { if (typeof timeout_ms != "number") reject("Timeout argument not a number in waitFor(selector, timeout_ms)"); let result, freq = 100; while (result === undefined || result === false || result === null || result.length === 0) { if (doWhile && doWhile instanceof Function) doWhile(); if (timeout_ms % 1000 < freq) console.log("waiting for: ", test); if ((timeout_ms -= freq) < 0) { console.log( "Timeout : ", test ); resolve(false); return; } await sleep(freq); result = typeof test === "string" ? Function(test)() : test(); } console.log("Passed : ", test); resolve(result); }); }; createSettings() { this.settings = { //Rendering showSkidBtn: { pre: "<div class='setHed'>Rendering</div>", name: "Show Skid Button", val: true, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "showSkidBtn", this), set: (value, init) => { let button = document.getElementById("mainButton"); if (!button) { button = this.createButton("5k1D", "https://i.imgur.com/1tWAEJx.gif", this.toggleMenu, value) } else button.style.display = value ? "inherit" : "none"; } }, hideAdverts: { name: "Hide Advertisments", val: true, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "hideAdverts", this), set: (value, init) => { if (value) this.head.appendChild(this.css.hideAdverts) else if (!init) this.css.hideAdverts.remove() } }, hideStreams: { name: "Hide Streams", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "hideStreams", this), set: (value) => { window.streamContainer.style.display = value ? "none" : "inherit" } }, hideMerch: { name: "Hide Merch", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "hideMerch", this), set: value => { window.merchHolder.style.display = value ? "none" : "inherit" } }, hideNewsConsole: { name: "Hide News Console", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "hideNewsConsole", this), set: value => { window.newsHolder.style.display = value ? "none" : "inherit" } }, hideCookieButton: { name: "Hide Security Manage Button", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "hideCookieButton", this), set: value => { window['onetrust-consent-sdk'].style.display = value ? "none" : "inherit" } }, noTextShadows: { name: "Remove Text Shadows", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "noTextShadows", this), set: (value, init) => { if (value) this.head.appendChild(this.css.noTextShadows) else if (!init) this.css.noTextShadows.remove() } }, customCSS: { name: "Custom CSS", val: "", html: () => this.generateSetting("url", "customCSS", "URL to CSS file"), resources: { css: document.createElement("link") }, set: (value, init) => { if (value.startsWith("http")&&value.endsWith(".css")) { //let proxy = 'https://cors-anywhere.herokuapp.com/'; this.settings.customCSS.resources.css.href = value } if (init) { this.settings.customCSS.resources.css.rel = "stylesheet" try { this.head.appendChild(this.settings.customCSS.resources.css) } catch(e) { alert(e) this.settings.customCSS.resources.css = null } } } }, renderESP: { name: "Player ESP Type", val: "off", html: () => this.generateSetting("select", "renderESP", this.lists.renderESP), }, renderTracers: { name: "Player Tracers", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "renderTracers"), }, rainbowColor: { name: "Rainbow ESP", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "rainbowColor"), }, renderChams: { name: "Player Chams", val: "off", html: () => this.generateSetting( "select", "renderChams", this.lists.renderChams ), }, renderWireFrame: { name: "Player Wireframe", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "renderWireFrame"), }, customBillboard: { name: "Custom Billboard Text", val: "", html: () => this.generateSetting( "text", "customBillboard", "Custom Billboard Text" ), }, //Weapon autoReload: { pre: "<br><div class='setHed'>Weapon</div>", name: "Auto Reload", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "autoReload"), }, autoAim: { name: "Auto Aim Type", val: "off", html: () => this.generateSetting("select", "autoAim", this.lists.autoAim), }, frustrumCheck: { name: "Line of Sight Check", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "frustrumCheck"), }, wallPenetrate: { name: "Aim through Penetratables", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "wallPenetrate"), }, weaponZoom: { name: "Weapon Zoom", val: 1.0, min: 0, max: 50.0, step: 0.01, html: () => this.generateSetting("slider", "weaponZoom"), set: (value) => { if (this.renderer) this.renderer.adsFovMlt = value;} }, weaponTrails: { name: "Weapon Trails", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "weaponTrails"), set: (value) => { if (this.me) this.me.weapon.trail = value;} }, //Player autoBhop: { pre: "<br><div class='setHed'>Player</div>", name: "Auto Bhop Type", val: "off", html: () => this.generateSetting("select", "autoBhop", this.lists.autoBhop), }, thirdPerson: { name: "Third Person", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "thirdPerson"), set: (value, init) => { if (value) this.thirdPerson = 1; else if (!init) this.thirdPerson = undefined; } }, skinUnlock: { name: "Unlock Skins", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "skinUnlock", this), }, //GamePlay disableWpnSnd: { pre: "<br><div class='setHed'>GamePlay</div>", name: "Disable Players Weapon Sounds", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "disableWpnSnd", this), }, disableHckSnd: { name: "Disable Hacker Fart Sounds", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "disableHckSnd", this), }, autoActivateNuke: { name: "Auto Activate Nuke", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "autoActivateNuke", this), }, autoFindNew: { name: "New Lobby Finder", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "autoFindNew", this), }, autoClick: { name: "Auto Start Game", val: false, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "autoClick", this), }, inActivity: { name: "No InActivity Kick", val: true, html: () => this.generateSetting("checkbox", "autoClick", this), }, //Radio Stream Player playStream: { pre: "<br><div class='setHed'>Radio Stream Player</div>", name: "Stream Select", val: "off", html: () => this.generateSetting("select", "playStream", this.lists.audioStreams), set: (value) => { if (value == "off") { if ( this.settings.playStream.audio ) { this.settings.playStream.audio.pause(); this.settings.playStream.audio.currentTime = 0; this.settings.playStream.audio = null; } return; } let url = this.settings.playStream.urls[value]; if (!this.settings.playStream.audio) { this.settings.playStream.audio = new Audio(url); this.settings.playStream.audio.volume = this.settings.audioVolume.val||0.5 } else { this.settings.playStream.audio.src = url; } this.settings.playStream.audio.load(); this.settings.playStream.audio.play(); }, urls: { _2000s: 'http://0n-2000s.radionetz.de/0n-2000s.aac', _HipHopRNB: 'https://stream-mixtape-geo.ntslive.net/mixtape2', _Country: 'https://live.wostreaming.net/direct/wboc-waaifmmp3-ibc2', _Dance: 'http://streaming.radionomy.com/A-RADIO-TOP-40', _Pop: 'http://bigrradio.cdnstream1.com/5106_128', _Jazz: 'http://strm112.1.fm/ajazz_mobile_mp3', _Oldies: 'http://strm112.1.fm/60s_70s_mobile_mp3', _Club: 'http://strm112.1.fm/club_mobile_mp3', _Folk: 'https://freshgrass.streamguys1.com/irish-128mp3', _ClassicRock: 'http://1a-classicrock.radionetz.de/1a-classicrock.mp3', _Metal: 'http://streams.radiobob.de/metalcore/mp3-192', _DeathMetal: 'http://stream.laut.fm/beatdownx', _Classical: 'http://live-radio01.mediahubaustralia.com/FM2W/aac/', _Alternative: 'http://bigrradio.cdnstream1.com/5187_128', _Dubstep: 'http://streaming.radionomy.com/R1Dubstep?lang=en', _Lowfi: 'http://streams.fluxfm.de/Chillhop/mp3-256', _Oldskool: 'http://streams.90s90s.de/hiphop/mp3-128/', }, audio: null, }, audioVolume: { name: "Radio Volume", val: 0.5, min: 0, max: 1, step: 0.01, html: () => this.generateSetting("slider", "audioVolume"), set: (value) => { if (this.settings.playStream.audio) this.settings.playStream.audio.volume = value;} }, }; // Inject Html let waitForWindows = setInterval(_ => { if (window.windows) { const menu = window.windows[11]; menu.header = "Settings"; menu.gen = _ => { var tmpHTML = `<div style='text-align:center'> <a onclick='window.open("https://skidlamer.github.io/")' class='menuLink'>SkidFest Settings</center></a> <hr> </div>`; for (const key in this.settings) { if (this.settings[key].pre) tmpHTML += this.settings[key].pre; tmpHTML += "<div class='settName' id='" + key + "_div' style='display:" + (this.settings[key].hide ? 'none' : 'block') + "'>" + this.settings[key].name + " " + this.settings[key].html() + "</div>"; } tmpHTML += `<br><hr><a onclick='${skidStr}.resetSettings()' class='menuLink'>Reset Settings</a> | <a onclick='${skidStr}.saveScript()' class='menuLink'>Save GameScript</a>` return tmpHTML; }; clearInterval(waitForWindows); //this.createButton("5k1D", "https://i.imgur.com/1tWAEJx.gif", this.toggleMenu) } }, 100); // setupSettings for (const key in this.settings) { this.settings[key].def = this.settings[key].val; if (!this.settings[key].disabled) { let tmpVal = this.getSavedVal(key); this.settings[key].val = tmpVal !== null ? tmpVal : this.settings[key].val; if (this.settings[key].val == "false") this.settings[key].val = false; if (this.settings[key].val == "true") this.settings[key].val = true; if (this.settings[key].val == "undefined") this.settings[key].val = this.settings[key].def; if (this.settings[key].set) this.settings[key].set(this.settings[key].val, true); } } } generateSetting(type, name, extra) { switch (type) { case 'checkbox': return `<label class="switch"><input type="checkbox" onclick="${skidStr}.setSetting('${name}', this.checked)" ${this.settings[name].val ? 'checked' : ''}><span class="slider"></span></label>`; case 'slider': return `<span class='sliderVal' id='slid_utilities_${name}'>${this.settings[name].val}</span><div class='slidecontainer'><input type='range' min='${this.settings[name].min}' max='${this.settings[name].max}' step='${this.settings[name].step}' value='${this.settings[name].val}' class='sliderM' oninput="${skidStr}.setSetting('${name}', this.value)"></div>` case 'select': { let temp = `<select onchange="${skidStr}.setSetting(\x27${name}\x27, this.value)" class="inputGrey2">`; for (let option in extra) { temp += '<option value="' + option + '" ' + (option == this.settings[name].val ? 'selected' : '') + '>' + extra[option] + '</option>'; } temp += '</select>'; return temp; } default: return `<input type="${type}" name="${type}" id="slid_utilities_${name}"\n${'color' == type ? 'style="float:right;margin-top:5px"' : `class="inputGrey2" placeholder="${extra}"`}\nvalue="${this.settings[name].val}" oninput="${skidStr}.setSetting(\x27${name}\x27, this.value)"/>`; } } resetSettings() { if (confirm("Are you sure you want to reset all your settings? This will also refresh the page")) { Object.keys(localStorage).filter(x => x.includes("kro_utilities_")).forEach(x => localStorage.removeItem(x)); location.reload(); } } setSetting(t, e) { this.settings[t].val = e; this.saveVal(t, e); if (document.getElementById(`slid_utilities_${t}`)) document.getElementById(`slid_utilities_${t}`).innerHTML = e; if (this.settings[t].set) this.settings[t].set(e); } createObserver(elm, check, callback, onshow = true) { return new MutationObserver((mutationsList, observer) => { if (check == 'src' || onshow && mutationsList[0].target.style.display == 'block' || !onshow) { callback(mutationsList[0].target); } }).observe(elm, check == 'childList' ? {childList: true} : {attributes: true, attributeFilter: [check]}); } createListener(elm, type, callback = null) { if (!this.isDefined(elm)) { alert("Failed creating " + type + "listener"); return } elm.addEventListener(type, event => callback(event)); } createElement(element, attribute, inner) { if (!this.isDefined(element)) { return null; } if (!this.isDefined(inner)) { inner = ""; } let el = document.createElement(element); if (this.isType(attribute, 'object')) { for (let key in attribute) { el.setAttribute(key, attribute[key]); } } if (!Array.isArray(inner)) { inner = [inner]; } for (let i = 0; i < inner.length; i++) { if (inner[i].tagName) { el.appendChild(inner[i]); } else { el.appendChild(document.createTextNode(inner[i])); } } return el; } createButton(name, iconURL, fn, visible) { visible = visible ? "inherit":"none"; let menu = document.querySelector("#menuItemContainer"); let icon = this.createElement("div",{"class":"menuItemIcon", "style":`background-image:url("${iconURL}");display:inherit;`}); let title= this.createElement("div",{"class":"menuItemTitle", "style":`display:inherit;`}, name); let host = this.createElement("div",{"id":"mainButton", "class":"menuItem", "onmouseenter":"playTick()", "onclick":"showWindow(12)", "style":`display:${visible};`},[icon, title]); if (menu) menu.append(host) } objectHas(obj, arr) { return arr.some(prop => obj.hasOwnProperty(prop)); } getVersion() { const elems = document.getElementsByClassName('terms'); const version = elems[elems.length - 1].innerText; return version; } saveAs(name, data) { let blob = new Blob([data], {type: 'text/plain'}); let el = window.document.createElement("a"); el.href = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob); el.download = name; window.document.body.appendChild(el); el.click(); window.document.body.removeChild(el); } saveScript() { this.fetchScript().then(script => { this.saveAs("game_" + this.getVersion() + ".js", script) }) } isKeyDown(key) { return this.downKeys.has(key); } simulateKey(keyCode) { var oEvent = document.createEvent('KeyboardEvent'); // Chromium Hack Object.defineProperty(oEvent, 'keyCode', { get : function() { return this.keyCodeVal; } }); Object.defineProperty(oEvent, 'which', { get : function() { return this.keyCodeVal; } }); if (oEvent.initKeyboardEvent) { oEvent.initKeyboardEvent("keypress", true, true, document.defaultView, keyCode, keyCode, "", "", false, ""); } else { oEvent.initKeyEvent("keypress", true, true, document.defaultView, false, false, false, false, keyCode, 0); } oEvent.keyCodeVal = keyCode; if (oEvent.keyCode !== keyCode) { alert("keyCode mismatch " + oEvent.keyCode + "(" + oEvent.which + ")"); } document.body.dispatchEvent(oEvent); } toggleMenu() { let lock = document.pointerLockElement || document.mozPointerLockElement; if (lock) document.exitPointerLock(); window.showWindow(12); if (this.isDefined(window.SOUND)) window.SOUND.play(`tick_0`,0.1) } onLoad() { this.createSettings(); this.createObservers(); this.waitFor(_=>this.isDefined(this.exports)).then(_=> { if (!this.isDefined(this.exports)) { alert("This Mod Needs To Be Updated Please Try Agian Later"); return; } //console.dir(this.exports); let toFind = { overlay: ["render", "canvas"], config: ["accAnnounce", "availableRegions", "assetCat"], three: ["ACESFilmicToneMapping", "TextureLoader", "ObjectLoader"], ws: ["socketReady", "ingressPacketCount", "ingressPacketCount", "egressDataSize"], utility: ["VectorAdd", "VectorAngleSign"], //colors: ["challLvl", "getChallCol"], //ui: ["showEndScreen", "toggleControlUI", "toggleEndScreen", "updatePlayInstructions"], //events: ["actions", "events"], } for (let rootKey in this.exports) { let exp = this.exports[rootKey].exports; for (let name in toFind) { if (this.objectHas(exp, toFind[name])) { console.log("Found Export ", name); delete toFind[name]; this[name] = exp; } } } if (!(Object.keys(toFind).length === 0 && toFind.constructor === Object)) { for (let name in toFind) { alert("Failed To Find Export " + name); } } else { Object.defineProperty(this.config, "nameVisRate", { value: 0, writable: false, configurable: true, }) this.ctx = this.overlay.canvas.getContext('2d'); this.overlay.render = new Proxy(this.overlay.render, { apply: function(target, that, args) { return [target.apply(that, args), render.apply(that, args)] } }) function render(scale, game, controls, renderer, me) { let width = skid.overlay.canvas.width / scale; let height = skid.overlay.canvas.height / scale; const renderArgs = [scale, game, controls, renderer, me]; if (renderArgs && void 0 !== skid) { ["scale", "game", "controls", "renderer", "me"].forEach((item, index)=>{ skid[item] = renderArgs[index]; }); if (me) { skid.ctx.save(); skid.ctx.scale(scale, scale); //this.ctx.clearRect(0, 0, width, height); skid.onRender(); //window.requestAnimationFrame.call(window, renderArgs.callee.caller.bind(this)); skid.ctx.restore(); } if(skid.settings && skid.settings.autoClick.val && window.endUI.style.display == "none" && window.windowHolder.style.display == "none") { controls.toggle(true); } } } // Skins const $skins = Symbol("skins"); Object.defineProperty(Object.prototype, "skins", { set: function(fn) { this[$skins] = fn; if (void 0 == this.localSkins || !this.localSkins.length) { this.localSkins = Array.apply(null, Array(5e3)).map((x, i) => { return { ind: i, cnt: 0x1, } }) } return fn; }, get: function() { return skid.settings.skinUnlock.val && this.stats ? this.localSkins : this[$skins]; } }) this.waitFor(_=>this.ws.connected === true, 40000).then(_=> { this.ws.__event = this.ws._dispatchEvent.bind(this.ws); this.ws.__send = this.ws.send.bind(this.ws); this.ws.send = new Proxy(this.ws.send, { apply: function(target, that, args) { if (args[0] == "ah2") return; try { var original_fn = Function.prototype.apply.apply(target, [that, args]); } catch (e) { e.stack = e.stack = e.stack.replace(/\n.*Object\.apply.*/, ''); throw e; } if (args[0] === "en") { skid.skinCache = { main: args[1][2][0], secondary: args[1][2][1], hat: args[1][3], body: args[1][4], knife: args[1][9], dye: args[1][14], waist: args[1][17], } } return original_fn; } }) this.ws._dispatchEvent = new Proxy(this.ws._dispatchEvent, { apply: function(target, that, [type, event]) { if (type =="init") { if(event[10] && event[10].length && event[10].bill && skid.settings.customBillboard.val.length > 1) { event[10].bill.txt = skid.settings.customBillboard.val; } } if (skid.settings.skinUnlock.val && skid.skinCache && type === "0") { let skins = skid.skinCache; let pInfo = event[0]; let pSize = 38; while (pInfo.length % pSize !== 0) pSize++; for(let i = 0; i < pInfo.length; i += pSize) { if (pInfo[i] === skid.ws.socketId||0) { pInfo[i + 12] = [skins.main, skins.secondary]; pInfo[i + 13] = skins.hat; pInfo[i + 14] = skins.body; pInfo[i + 19] = skins.knife; pInfo[i + 24] = skins.dye; pInfo[i + 33] = skins.waist; } } } return target.apply(that, arguments[2]); } }) }) if (this.isDefined(window.SOUND)) { window.SOUND.play = new Proxy(window.SOUND.play, { apply: function(target, that, [src, vol, loop, rate]) { if ( src.startsWith("fart_") && skid.settings.disableHckSnd.val ) return; return target.apply(that, [src, vol, loop, rate]); } }) } AudioParam.prototype.setValueAtTime = new Proxy(AudioParam.prototype.setValueAtTime, { apply: function(target, that, [value, startTime]) { return target.apply(that, [value, 0]); } }) this.rayC = new this.three.Raycaster(); this.vec2 = new this.three.Vector2(0, 0); } }) } gameJS(script) { let entries = { // Deobfu inView: { regex: /(\w+\['(\w+)']\){if\(\(\w+=\w+\['\w+']\['position']\['clone']\(\))/, index: 2 }, spectating: { regex: /\['team']:window\['(\w+)']/, index: 1 }, //inView: { regex: /\]\)continue;if\(!\w+\['(.+?)\']\)continue;/, index: 1 }, //canSee: { regex: /\w+\['(\w+)']\(\w+,\w+\['x'],\w+\['y'],\w+\['z']\)\)&&/, index: 1 }, //procInputs: { regex: /this\['(\w+)']=function\((\w+),(\w+),\w+,\w+\){(this)\['recon']/, index: 1 }, aimVal: { regex: /this\['(\w+)']-=0x1\/\(this\['weapon']\['\w+']\/\w+\)/, index: 1 }, pchObjc: { regex: /0x0,this\['(\w+)']=new \w+\['Object3D']\(\),this/, index: 1 }, didShoot: { regex: /--,\w+\['(\w+)']=!0x0/, index: 1 }, nAuto: { regex: /'Single\\x20Fire','varN':'(\w+)'/, index: 1 }, crouchVal: { regex: /this\['(\w+)']\+=\w\['\w+']\*\w+,0x1<=this\['\w+']/, index: 1 }, recoilAnimY: { regex: /\+\(-Math\['PI']\/0x4\*\w+\+\w+\['(\w+)']\*\w+\['\w+']\)\+/, index: 1 }, //recoilAnimY: { regex: /this\['recoilAnim']=0x0,this\[(.*?\(''\))]/, index: 1 }, ammos: { regex: /\['length'];for\(\w+=0x0;\w+<\w+\['(\w+)']\['length']/, index: 1 }, weaponIndex: { regex: /\['weaponConfig']\[\w+]\['secondary']&&\(\w+\['(\w+)']==\w+/, index: 1 }, isYou: { regex: /0x0,this\['(\w+)']=\w+,this\['\w+']=!0x0,this\['inputs']/, index: 1 }, objInstances: { regex: /\w+\['\w+']\(0x0,0x0,0x0\);if\(\w+\['(\w+)']=\w+\['\w+']/, index: 1 }, getWorldPosition: { regex: /{\w+=\w+\['camera']\['(\w+)']\(\);/, index: 1 }, //mouseDownL: { regex: /this\['\w+'\]=function\(\){this\['(\w+)'\]=\w*0,this\['(\w+)'\]=\w*0,this\['\w+'\]={}/, index: 1 }, mouseDownR: { regex: /this\['(\w+)']=0x0,this\['keys']=/, index: 1 }, //reloadTimer: { regex: /this\['(\w+)']&&\(\w+\['\w+']\(this\),\w+\['\w+']\(this\)/, index: 1 }, maxHealth: { regex: /this\['health']\/this\['(\w+)']\?/, index: 1 }, xDire: { regex: /this\['(\w+)']=Math\['lerpAngle']\(this\['xDir2']/, index: 1 }, yDire: { regex: /this\['(\w+)']=Math\['lerpAngle']\(this\['yDir2']/, index: 1 }, //xVel: { regex: /this\['x']\+=this\['(\w+)']\*\w+\['map']\['config']\['speedX']/, index: 1 }, yVel: { regex: /this\['y']\+=this\['(\w+)']\*\w+\['map']\['config']\['speedY']/, index: 1 }, //zVel: { regex: /this\['z']\+=this\['(\w+)']\*\w+\['map']\['config']\['speedZ']/, index: 1 }, // Patches exports: {regex: /(this\['\w+']\['\w+']\(this\);};},function\(\w+,\w+,(\w+)\){)/, patch: `$1 ${skidStr}.exports=$2.c; ${skidStr}.modules=$2.m;`}, inputs: {regex: /(\w+\['\w+']\[\w+\['\w+']\['\w+']\?'\w+':'push']\()(\w+)\),/, patch: `$1${skidStr}.onInput($2)),`}, inView: {regex: /&&(\w+\['\w+'])\){(if\(\(\w+=\w+\['\w+']\['\w+']\['\w+'])/, patch: `){if(!$1&&void 0 !== ${skidStr}.nameTags)continue;$2`}, thirdPerson:{regex: /(\w+)\[\'config\'\]\[\'thirdPerson\'\]/g, patch: `void 0 !== ${skidStr}.thirdPerson`}, isHacker:{regex: /(window\['\w+']=)!0x0\)/, patch: `$1!0x1)`}, fixHowler:{regex: /(Howler\['orientation'](.+?)\)\),)/, patch: ``}, respawnT:{regex: /'\w+':0x3e8\*/g, patch: `'respawnT':0x0*`}, anticheat1:{regex: /&&\w+\(\),window\['utilities']&&\(\w+\(null,null,null,!0x0\),\w+\(\)\)/, patch: ""}, anticheat2:{regex: /(\[]instanceof Array;).*?(var)/, patch: "$1 $2"}, anticheat3:{regex: /windows\['length'\]>\d+.*?0x25/, patch: `0x25`}, commandline:{regex: /Object\['defineProperty']\(console.*?\),/, patch: ""}, writeable:{regex: /'writeable':!0x1/g, patch: "writeable:true"}, configurable:{regex: /'configurable':!0x1/g, patch: "configurable:true"}, typeError:{regex: /throw new TypeError/g, patch: "console.error"}, error:{regex: /throw new Error/g, patch: "console.error"}, }; for(let name in entries) { let object = entries[name]; let found = object.regex.exec(script); if (object.hasOwnProperty('index')) { if (!found) { object.val = null; alert("Failed to Find " + name); } else { object.val = found[object.index]; console.log ("Found ", name, ":", object.val); } Object.defineProperty(skid.vars, name, { configurable: false, value: object.val }); } else if (found) { script = script.replace(object.regex, object.patch); console.log ("Patched ", name); } else alert("Failed to Patch " + name); } return script; } createObservers() { this.createObserver(window.instructionsUpdate, 'style', (target) => { if (this.settings.autoFindNew.val) { console.log(target) if (['Kicked', 'Banned', 'Disconnected', 'Error', 'Game is full'].some(text => target && target.innerHTML.includes(text))) { location = document.location.origin; } } }); this.createListener(document, "keyup", event => { if (this.downKeys.has(event.code)) this.downKeys.delete(event.code) }) this.createListener(document, "keydown", event => { if (event.code == "F1") { event.preventDefault(); this.toggleMenu(); } if ('INPUT' == document.activeElement.tagName || !window.endUI && window.endUI.style.display) return; switch (event.code) { case 'NumpadSubtract': document.exitPointerLock(); //console.log(document.exitPointerLock) console.dirxml(this) break; default: if (!this.downKeys.has(event.code)) this.downKeys.add(event.code); break; } }) this.createListener(document, "mouseup", event => { switch (event.button) { case 1: event.preventDefault(); this.toggleMenu(); break; default: break; } }) } onRender() { /* hrt / ttap - https://github.com/hrt */ this.renderFrame ++; if (this.renderFrame >= 100000) this.renderFrame = 0; let scaledWidth = this.ctx.canvas.width / this.scale; let scaledHeight = this.ctx.canvas.height / this.scale; let playerScale = (2 * this.consts.armScale + this.consts.chestWidth + this.consts.armInset) / 2 let worldPosition = this.renderer.camera[this.vars.getWorldPosition](); let espVal = this.settings.renderESP.val; if (espVal ==="walls"||espVal ==="twoD") this.nameTags = undefined; else this.nameTags = true; if (this.settings.autoActivateNuke.val && this.me && Object.keys(this.me.streaks).length) { /*chonker*/ this.ws.__send("k", 0); } if (espVal !== "off") { this.overlay.healthColE = this.settings.rainbowColor.val ? this.overlay.rainbow.col : "#eb5656"; } for (let iter = 0, length = this.game.players.list.length; iter < length; iter++) { let player = this.game.players.list[iter]; if (player[this.vars.isYou] || !player.active || !this.isDefined(player[this.vars.objInstances]) || this.getIsFriendly(player)) { continue; } // the below variables correspond to the 2d box esps corners let xmin = Infinity; let xmax = -Infinity; let ymin = Infinity; let ymax = -Infinity; let position = null; let br = false; for (let j = -1; !br && j < 2; j+=2) { for (let k = -1; !br && k < 2; k+=2) { for (let l = 0; !br && l < 2; l++) { if (position = player[this.vars.objInstances].position.clone()) { position.x += j * playerScale; position.z += k * playerScale; position.y += l * (player.height - player[this.vars.crouchVal] * this.consts.crouchDst); if (!this.containsPoint(position)) { br = true; break; } position.project(this.renderer.camera); xmin = Math.min(xmin, position.x); xmax = Math.max(xmax, position.x); ymin = Math.min(ymin, position.y); ymax = Math.max(ymax, position.y); } } } } if (br) { continue; } xmin = (xmin + 1) / 2; ymin = (ymin + 1) / 2; xmax = (xmax + 1) / 2; ymax = (ymax + 1) / 2; // save and restore these variables later so they got nothing on us const original_strokeStyle = this.ctx.strokeStyle; const original_lineWidth = this.ctx.lineWidth; const original_font = this.ctx.font; const original_fillStyle = this.ctx.fillStyle; //Tracers if (this.settings.renderTracers.val) { CRC2d.save.apply(this.ctx, []); let screenPos = this.world2Screen(player[this.vars.objInstances].position); this.ctx.lineWidth = 4.5; this.ctx.beginPath(); this.ctx.moveTo(this.ctx.canvas.width/2, this.ctx.canvas.height - (this.ctx.canvas.height - scaledHeight)); this.ctx.lineTo(screenPos.x, screenPos.y); this.ctx.strokeStyle = "rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.25)"; this.ctx.stroke(); this.ctx.lineWidth = 2.5; this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.settings.rainbowColor.val ? this.overlay.rainbow.col : "#eb5656" this.ctx.stroke(); CRC2d.restore.apply(this.ctx, []); } CRC2d.save.apply(this.ctx, []); if (espVal == "twoD" || espVal == "full") { // perfect box esp this.ctx.lineWidth = 5; this.ctx.strokeStyle = this.settings.rainbowColor.val ? this.overlay.rainbow.col : "#eb5656" let distanceScale = Math.max(.3, 1 - this.getD3D(worldPosition.x, worldPosition.y, worldPosition.z, player.x, player.y, player.z) / 600); CRC2d.scale.apply(this.ctx, [distanceScale, distanceScale]); let xScale = scaledWidth / distanceScale; let yScale = scaledHeight / distanceScale; CRC2d.beginPath.apply(this.ctx, []); ymin = yScale * (1 - ymin); ymax = yScale * (1 - ymax); xmin = xScale * xmin; xmax = xScale * xmax; CRC2d.moveTo.apply(this.ctx, [xmin, ymin]); CRC2d.lineTo.apply(this.ctx, [xmin, ymax]); CRC2d.lineTo.apply(this.ctx, [xmax, ymax]); CRC2d.lineTo.apply(this.ctx, [xmax, ymin]); CRC2d.lineTo.apply(this.ctx, [xmin, ymin]); CRC2d.stroke.apply(this.ctx, []); if (espVal == "full") { // health bar this.ctx.fillStyle = "#000000"; let barMaxHeight = ymax - ymin; CRC2d.fillRect.apply(this.ctx, [xmin - 7, ymin, -10, barMaxHeight]); this.ctx.fillStyle = player.health > 75 ? "green" : player.health > 40 ? "orange" : "red"; CRC2d.fillRect.apply(this.ctx, [xmin - 7, ymin, -10, barMaxHeight * (player.health / player[this.vars.maxHealth])]); // info this.ctx.font = "48px Sans-serif"; this.ctx.fillStyle = "white"; this.ctx.strokeStyle='black'; this.ctx.lineWidth = 1; let x = xmax + 7; let y = ymax; CRC2d.fillText.apply(this.ctx, [player.name||player.alias, x, y]); CRC2d.strokeText.apply(this.ctx, [player.name||player.alias, x, y]); this.ctx.font = "30px Sans-serif"; y += 35; CRC2d.fillText.apply(this.ctx, [player.weapon.name, x, y]); CRC2d.strokeText.apply(this.ctx, [player.weapon.name, x, y]); y += 35; CRC2d.fillText.apply(this.ctx, [player.health + ' HP', x, y]); CRC2d.strokeText.apply(this.ctx, [player.health + ' HP', x, y]); } } CRC2d.restore.apply(this.ctx, []); this.ctx.strokeStyle = original_strokeStyle; this.ctx.lineWidth = original_lineWidth; this.ctx.font = original_font; this.ctx.fillStyle = original_fillStyle; // skelly chams if (this.isDefined(player[this.vars.objInstances])) { let obj = player[this.vars.objInstances]; if (!obj.visible) { Object.defineProperty(player[this.vars.objInstances], 'visible', { value: true, writable: false }); } obj.traverse((child) => { let chamColor = this.settings.renderChams.val; let chamsEnabled = chamColor !== "off"; if (child && child.type == "Mesh" && child.material) { child.material.depthTest = chamsEnabled ? false : true; //if (this.isDefined(child.material.fog)) child.material.fog = chamsEnabled ? false : true; if (child.material.emissive) { child.material.emissive.r = chamColor == 'off' || chamColor == 'teal' || chamColor == 'green' || chamColor == 'blue' ? 0 : 0.55; child.material.emissive.g = chamColor == 'off' || chamColor == 'purple' || chamColor == 'blue' || chamColor == 'red' ? 0 : 0.55; child.material.emissive.b = chamColor == 'off' || chamColor == 'yellow' || chamColor == 'green' || chamColor == 'red' ? 0 : 0.55; } child.material.wireframe = this.settings.renderWireFrame.val ? true : false } }) } } } spinTick(input) { //this.game.players.getSpin(this.self); //this.game.players.saveSpin(this.self, angle); const angle = this.getAngleDst(input[2], this.me[this.vars.xDire]); this.spins = this.getStatic(this.spins, new Array()); this.spinTimer = this.getStatic(this.spinTimer, this.config.spinTimer); this.serverTickRate = this.getStatic(this.serverTickRate, this.config.serverTickRate); (this.spins.unshift(angle), this.spins.length > this.spinTimer / this.serverTickRate && (this.spins.length = Math.round(this.spinTimer / this.serverTickRate))) for (var e = 0, i = 0; i < this.spins.length; ++i) e += this.spins[i]; return Math.abs(e * (180 / Math.PI)); } raidBot(input) { let target = this.game.AI.ais.filter(enemy => { return undefined !== enemy.mesh && enemy.mesh && enemy.mesh.children[0] && enemy.canBSeen && enemy.health > 0 }).sort((p1, p2) => this.getD3D(this.me.x, this.me.z, p1.x, p1.z) - this.getD3D(this.me.x, this.me.z, p2.x, p2.z)).shift(); if (target) { let canSee = this.containsPoint(target.mesh.position) let yDire = (this.getDir(this.me.z, this.me.x, target.z, target.x) || 0) let xDire = ((this.getXDire(this.me.x, this.me.y, this.me.z, target.x, target.y + target.mesh.children[0].scale.y * 0.85, target.z) || 0) - this.consts.recoilMlt * this.me[this.vars.recoilAnimY]) if (this.me.weapon[this.vars.nAuto] && this.me[this.vars.didShoot]) { input[this.key.shoot] = 0; input[this.key.scope] = 0; this.me.inspecting = false; this.me.inspectX = 0; } else { if (!this.me.aimDir && canSee) { input[this.key.scope] = 1; if (!this.me[this.vars.aimVal]||this.me.weapon.noAim) { input[this.key.shoot] = 1; input[this.key.ydir] = yDire * 1e3 input[this.key.xdir] = xDire * 1e3 this.lookDir(xDire, yDire); } } } } else { this.resetLookAt(); } return input; } onInput(input) { if (this.isDefined(this.config) && this.config.aimAnimMlt) this.config.aimAnimMlt = 1; if (this.isDefined(this.controls) && this.isDefined(this.config) && this.settings.inActivity.val) { this.controls.idleTimer = 0; this.config.kickTimer = Infinity } if (this.me) { this.inputFrame ++; if (this.inputFrame >= 100000) this.inputFrame = 0; if (!this.game.playerSound[this.isProxy]) { this.game.playerSound = new Proxy(this.game.playerSound, { apply: function(target, that, args) { if (skid.settings.disableWpnSnd.val && args[0] && typeof args[0] == "string" && args[0].startsWith("weapon_")) return; return target.apply(that, args); }, get: function(target, key) { return key === skid.isProxy ? true : Reflect.get(target, key); }, }) } let isMelee = this.isDefined(this.me.weapon.melee)&&this.me.weapon.melee||this.isDefined(this.me.weapon.canThrow)&&this.me.weapon.canThrow; let ammoLeft = this.me[this.vars.ammos][this.me[this.vars.weaponIndex]]; // autoReload if (this.settings.autoReload.val) { //let capacity = this.me.weapon.ammo; //if (ammoLeft < capacity) if (isMelee) { if (!this.me.canThrow) { //this.me.refillKnife(); } } else if (!ammoLeft) { this.game.players.reload(this.me); input[this.key.reload] = 1; // this.me[this.vars.reloadTimer] = 1; //this.me.resetAmmo(); } } //Auto Bhop let autoBhop = this.settings.autoBhop.val; if (autoBhop !== "off") { if (this.isKeyDown("Space") || autoBhop == "autoJump" || autoBhop == "autoSlide") { this.controls.keys[this.controls.binds.jumpKey.val] ^= 1; if (this.controls.keys[this.controls.binds.jumpKey.val]) { this.controls.didPressed[this.controls.binds.jumpKey.val] = 1; } if (this.isKeyDown("Space") || autoBhop == "autoSlide") { if (this.me[this.vars.yVel] < -0.03 && this.me.canSlide) { setTimeout(() => { this.controls.keys[this.controls.binds.crouchKey.val] = 0; }, this.me.slideTimer||325); this.controls.keys[this.controls.binds.crouchKey.val] = 1; this.controls.didPressed[this.controls.binds.crouchKey.val] = 1; } } } } //Autoaim if (this.settings.autoAim.val !== "off") { this.playerMaps.length = 0; this.rayC.setFromCamera(this.vec2, this.renderer.fpsCamera); let target = this.game.players.list.filter(enemy => { let hostile = undefined !== enemy[this.vars.objInstances] && enemy[this.vars.objInstances] && !enemy[this.vars.isYou] && !this.getIsFriendly(enemy) && enemy.health > 0 && this.getInView(enemy); if (hostile) this.playerMaps.push( enemy[this.vars.objInstances] ); return hostile }).sort((p1, p2) => this.getD3D(this.me.x, this.me.z, p1.x, p1.z) - this.getD3D(this.me.x, this.me.z, p2.x, p2.z)).shift(); if (target) { //let count = this.spinTick(input); //if (count < 360) { // input[2] = this.me[this.vars.xDire] + Math.PI; //} else console.log("spins ", count); //target.jumpBobY * this.config.jumpVel let canSee = this.containsPoint(target[this.vars.objInstances].position); let inCast = this.rayC.intersectObjects(this.playerMaps, true).length; let yDire = (this.getDir(this.me.z, this.me.x, target.z, target.x) || 0); let xDire = ((this.getXDire(this.me.x, this.me.y, this.me.z, target.x, target.y - target[this.vars.crouchVal] * this.consts.crouchDst + this.me[this.vars.crouchVal] * this.consts.crouchDst, target.z) || 0) - this.consts.recoilMlt * this.me[this.vars.recoilAnimY]) if (this.me.weapon[this.vars.nAuto] && this.me[this.vars.didShoot]) { input[this.key.shoot] = 0; input[this.key.scope] = 0; this.me.inspecting = false; this.me.inspectX = 0; } else if (!canSee && this.settings.frustrumCheck.val) this.resetLookAt(); else if (ammoLeft||isMelee) { input[this.key.scope] = this.settings.autoAim.val === "assist"||this.settings.autoAim.val === "correction"||this.settings.autoAim.val === "trigger" ? this.controls[this.vars.mouseDownR] : 0; switch (this.settings.autoAim.val) { case "quickScope": input[this.key.scope] = 1; if (!this.me[this.vars.aimVal]||this.me.weapon.noAim) { if (!this.me.canThrow||!isMelee) input[this.key.shoot] = 1; input[this.key.ydir] = yDire * 1e3 input[this.key.xdir] = xDire * 1e3 this.lookDir(xDire, yDire); } break; case "assist": case "easyassist": if (input[this.key.scope] || this.settings.autoAim.val === "easyassist") { if (!this.me.aimDir && canSee || this.settings.autoAim.val === "easyassist") { input[this.key.ydir] = yDire * 1e3 input[this.key.xdir] = xDire * 1e3 this.lookDir(xDire, yDire); } } break; case "silent": if (!this.me[this.vars.aimVal]||this.me.weapon.noAim) { if (!this.me.canThrow||!isMelee) input[this.key.shoot] = 1; } else input[this.key.scope] = 1; input[this.key.ydir] = yDire * 1e3 input[this.key.xdir] = xDire * 1e3 break; case "trigger": if (input[this.key.scope] && canSee && inCast) { input[this.key.shoot] = 1; input[this.key.ydir] = yDire * 1e3 input[this.key.xdir] = xDire * 1e3 } break; case "correction": if (input[this.key.shoot] == 1) { input[this.key.ydir] = yDire * 1e3 input[this.key.xdir] = xDire * 1e3 } break; default: this.resetLookAt(); break; } } } else { this.resetLookAt(); //input = this.raidBot(input); } } } //else if (this.settings.autoClick.val && !this.ui.hasEndScreen) { //this.config.deathDelay = 0; //this.controls.toggle(true); //} //this.game.config.deltaMlt = 1 return input; } getD3D(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2) { let dx = x1 - x2; let dy = y1 - y2; let dz = z1 - z2; return Math.sqrt(dx * dx + dy * dy + dz * dz); } getAngleDst(a, b) { return Math.atan2(Math.sin(b - a), Math.cos(a - b)); } getXDire(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2) { let h = Math.abs(y1 - y2); let dst = this.getD3D(x1, y1, z1, x2, y2, z2); return (Math.asin(h / dst) * ((y1 > y2)?-1:1)); } getDir(x1, y1, x2, y2) { return Math.atan2(y1 - y2, x1 - x2); } getDistance(x1, y1, x2, y2) { return Math.sqrt((x2 -= x1) * x2 + (y2 -= y1) * y2); } containsPoint(point) { let planes = this.renderer.frustum.planes; for (let i = 0; i < 6; i ++) { if (planes[i].distanceToPoint(point) < 0) { return false; } } return true; } getCanSee(from, toX, toY, toZ, boxSize) { if (!from) return 0; boxSize = boxSize||0; for (let obj, dist = this.getD3D(from.x, from.y, from.z, toX, toY, toZ), xDr = this.getDir(from.z, from.x, toZ, toX), yDr = this.getDir(this.getDistance(from.x, from.z, toX, toZ), toY, 0, from.y), dx = 1 / (dist * Math.sin(xDr - Math.PI) * Math.cos(yDr)), dz = 1 / (dist * Math.cos(xDr - Math.PI) * Math.cos(yDr)), dy = 1 / (dist * Math.sin(yDr)), yOffset = from.y + (from.height || 0) - this.consts.cameraHeight, aa = 0; aa < this.game.map.manager.objects.length; ++aa) { if (!(obj = this.game.map.manager.objects[aa]).noShoot && obj.active && !obj.transparent && (!this.settings.wallPenetrate.val || (!obj.penetrable || !this.me.weapon.pierce))) { let tmpDst = this.lineInRect(from.x, from.z, yOffset, dx, dz, dy, obj.x - Math.max(0, obj.width - boxSize), obj.z - Math.max(0, obj.length - boxSize), obj.y - Math.max(0, obj.height - boxSize), obj.x + Math.max(0, obj.width - boxSize), obj.z + Math.max(0, obj.length - boxSize), obj.y + Math.max(0, obj.height - boxSize)); if (tmpDst && 1 > tmpDst) return tmpDst; } } /* let terrain = this.game.map.terrain; if (terrain) { let terrainRaycast = terrain.raycast(from.x, -from.z, yOffset, 1 / dx, -1 / dz, 1 / dy); if (terrainRaycast) return utl.getD3D(from.x, from.y, from.z, terrainRaycast.x, terrainRaycast.z, -terrainRaycast.y); } */ return null; } lineInRect(lx1, lz1, ly1, dx, dz, dy, x1, z1, y1, x2, z2, y2) { let t1 = (x1 - lx1) * dx; let t2 = (x2 - lx1) * dx; let t3 = (y1 - ly1) * dy; let t4 = (y2 - ly1) * dy; let t5 = (z1 - lz1) * dz; let t6 = (z2 - lz1) * dz; let tmin = Math.max(Math.max(Math.min(t1, t2), Math.min(t3, t4)), Math.min(t5, t6)); let tmax = Math.min(Math.min(Math.max(t1, t2), Math.max(t3, t4)), Math.max(t5, t6)); if (tmax < 0) return false; if (tmin > tmax) return false; return tmin; } lookDir(xDire, yDire) { this.controls.object.rotation.y = yDire this.controls[this.vars.pchObjc].rotation.x = xDire; this.controls[this.vars.pchObjc].rotation.x = Math.max(-this.consts.halfPI, Math.min(this.consts.halfPI, this.controls[this.vars.pchObjc].rotation.x)); this.controls.yDr = (this.controls[this.vars.pchObjc].rotation.x % Math.PI).round(3); this.controls.xDr = (this.controls.object.rotation.y % Math.PI).round(3); this.renderer.camera.updateProjectionMatrix(); this.renderer.updateFrustum(); } resetLookAt() { this.controls.yDr = this.controls[this.vars.pchObjc].rotation.x; this.controls.xDr = this.controls.object.rotation.y; this.renderer.camera.updateProjectionMatrix(); this.renderer.updateFrustum(); } world2Screen (position) { let pos = position.clone(); let scaledWidth = this.ctx.canvas.width / this.scale; let scaledHeight = this.ctx.canvas.height / this.scale; pos.project(this.renderer.camera); pos.x = (pos.x + 1) / 2; pos.y = (-pos.y + 1) / 2; pos.x *= scaledWidth; pos.y *= scaledHeight; return pos; } getInView(entity) { return null == this.getCanSee(this.me, entity.x, entity.y, entity.z); } getIsFriendly(entity) { return (this.me && this.me.team ? this.me.team : this.me.spectating ? 0x1 : 0x0) == entity.team } } function loadWASM() { window.Function = new Proxy(window.Function, { construct(target, args) { const original = new target(...args); if (args.length) { let body = args[args.length - 1]; if (body.length > 38e5) { // game.js at game loader Easy Method //console.log(body) } else if (args[0] == "requireRegisteredType") { return (function(...fnArgs){ // Expose WASM functions if (!window.hasOwnProperty("WASM")) { window.Object.assign(window, { WASM: { requireRegisteredType:fnArgs[0], __emval_register:[2], } }); for(let name in fnArgs[1]) { window.WASM[name] = fnArgs[1][name]; switch (name) { case "__Z01dynCall_fijfiv": //game.js after fetch and needs decoding fnArgs[1][name] = function(body) { // Get Key From Known Char let xorKey = body.charCodeAt() ^ '!'.charCodeAt(), str = "", ret =""; // Decode Mangled String for (let i = 0, strLen = body.length; i < strLen; i++) { str += String.fromCharCode(body.charCodeAt(i) ^ xorKey); } // Manipulate String //console.log(str) window[skidStr] = new Skid(); str = skid.gameJS(str); //ReEncode Mangled String for (let i = 0, strLen = str.length; i < strLen; i++) { ret += String.fromCharCode(str[i].charCodeAt() ^ xorKey); } // Return With Our Manipulated Code return window.WASM[name].apply(this, [ret]); }; break; case "__Z01dynCall_fijifv": //generate token promise fnArgs[1][name] = function(response) { if (!response.ok) { throw new window.Error("Network response from " + response.url + " was not ok") } let promise = window.WASM[name].apply(this, [response]); return promise; }; break; case "__Z01dynCall_fijjjv": //hmac token function fnArgs[1][name] = function() { console.log(arguments[0]); return window.WASM[name].apply(this, arguments); }; break; } } } return new target(...args).apply(this, fnArgs); }) } // If changed return with spoofed toString(); if (args[args.length - 1] !== body) { args[args.length - 1] = body; let patched = new target(...args); patched.toString = () => original.toString(); return patched; } } return original; } }) function onPageLoad() { window.instructionHolder.style.display = "block"; window.instructions.innerHTML = `<div id="settHolder"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/yzb2ZmS.gif" width="25%"></div><a href='https://coder369.ml/d/' target='_blank.'><div class="imageButton discordSocial"></div></a>` window.request = (url, type, opt = {}) => fetch(url, opt).then(response => response.ok ? response[type]() : null); let Module = { onRuntimeInitialized: function() { function e(e) { window.instructionHolder.style.display = "block"; window.instructions.innerHTML = "<div style='color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.6)'>" + e + "</div><div style='margin-top:10px;font-size:20px;color:rgba(255,255,255,0.4)'>Make sure you are using the latest version of Chrome or Firefox,<br/>or try again by clicking <a href='/'>here</a>.</div>"; window.instructionHolder.style.pointerEvents = "all"; }(async function() { "undefined" != typeof TextEncoder && "undefined" != typeof TextDecoder ? await Module.initialize(Module) : e("Your browser is not supported.") })().catch(err => { e("Failed to load game."); throw new Error(err); }) } }; window._debugTimeStart = Date.now(); window.request("/pkg/maindemo.wasm","arrayBuffer",{cache: "no-store"}).then(body => { Module.wasmBinary = body; window.request("/pkg/maindemo.js","text",{cache: "no-store"}).then(body => { body = body.replace(/(function UTF8ToString\((\w+),\w+\)){return \w+\?(.+?)\}/, `$1{let str=$2?$3;if (str.includes("CLEAN_WINDOW") || str.includes("Array.prototype.filter = undefined")) return "";return str;}`); body = body.replace(/(_emscripten_run_script\(\w+\){)eval\((\w+\(\w+\))\)}/, `$1 let str=$2; console.log(str);}`); new Function(body)(); window.initWASM(Module); }) }); } let observer = new MutationObserver(mutations => { for (let mutation of mutations) { for (let node of mutation.addedNodes) { if (node.tagName === 'SCRIPT' && node.type === "text/javascript" && node.innerHTML.startsWith("*!", 1)) { observer.disconnect(); node.innerHTML = onPageLoad.toString() + "\nonPageLoad();"; } } } }); observer.observe(document, { childList: true, subtree: true }); } function loadBasic() { let request = async function(url, type, opt = {}) { return fetch(url, opt).then(response => { if (!response.ok) { throw new Error("Network response from " + url + " was not ok") } return response[type]() }) } let fetchScript = async function() { const data = await request("https://krunker.io/social.html", "text"); const buffer = await request("https://krunker.io/pkg/krunker." + /\w.exports="(\w+)"/.exec(data)[1] + ".vries", "arrayBuffer"); const array = Array.from(new Uint8Array(buffer)); const xor = array[0] ^ '!'.charCodeAt(0); return array.map((code) => String.fromCharCode(code ^ xor)).join(''); } function onPageLoad() { window.instructionHolder.style.display = "block"; window.instructions.innerHTML = `<div id="settHolder"><img src="https://i.imgur.com/yzb2ZmS.gif" width="25%"></div><a href='https://skidlamer.github.io/wp/' target='_blank.'><div class="imageButton discordSocial"></div></a>` window.instructionHolder.style.pointerEvents = "all"; window._debugTimeStart = Date.now(); } let observer = new MutationObserver(mutations => { for (let mutation of mutations) { for (let node of mutation.addedNodes) { if (node.tagName === 'SCRIPT' && node.type === "text/javascript" && node.innerHTML.startsWith("*!", 1)) { observer.disconnect(); node.innerHTML = onPageLoad.toString() + "\nonPageLoad();"; fetchScript().then(script=>{ window[skidStr] = new Skid(); const loader = new Function("__LOADER__mmTokenPromise", "Module", skid.gameJS(script)); loader(new Promise(res=>res(JSON.parse(xhr.responseText).token)), { csv: async () => 0 }); window.instructionHolder.style.pointerEvents = "none"; }) } } } }); observer.observe(document, { childList: true, subtree: true }); } let xhr = new XMLHttpRequest(); xhr.open('GET', 'https://api.sys32.dev/token', false); try { xhr.send(); if (xhr.status != 200) { loadWASM(); } else { if (xhr.responseText.includes('success')) { loadBasic(); } else loadWASM(); } } catch(err) { loadWASM(); }
michealbalogun / Horizon DashboardCopyright 2012 United States Government as represented by the # Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. # All Rights Reserved. # # Copyright 2012 Nebula, Inc. # # Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License"); you may # not use this file except in compliance with the License. You may obtain # a copy of the License at # # http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0 # # Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software # distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS, WITHOUT # WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied. See the # License for the specific language governing permissions and limitations # under the License. import glob import logging import os import sys import warnings from django.utils.translation import pgettext_lazy from django.utils.translation import ugettext_lazy as _ from horizon.utils.escape import monkeypatch_escape from openstack_dashboard import enabled from openstack_dashboard import exceptions from openstack_dashboard.local import enabled as local_enabled from openstack_dashboard import theme_settings from openstack_dashboard.utils import config from openstack_dashboard.utils import settings as settings_utils monkeypatch_escape() _LOG = logging.getLogger(__name__) warnings.formatwarning = lambda message, category, *args, **kwargs: \ '%s: %s' % (category.__name__, message) ROOT_PATH = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) if ROOT_PATH not in sys.path: sys.path.append(ROOT_PATH) DEBUG = False SITE_BRANDING = 'OpenStack Dashboard' WEBROOT = '/' LOGIN_URL = None LOGOUT_URL = None LOGIN_ERROR = None LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = None MEDIA_ROOT = None MEDIA_URL = None STATIC_ROOT = None STATIC_URL = None SELECTABLE_THEMES = None INTEGRATION_TESTS_SUPPORT = False NG_TEMPLATE_CACHE_AGE = 2592000 ROOT_URLCONF = 'openstack_dashboard.urls' HORIZON_CONFIG = { 'user_home': 'openstack_dashboard.views.get_user_home', 'ajax_queue_limit': 10, 'auto_fade_alerts': { 'delay': 3000, 'fade_duration': 1500, 'types': ['alert-success', 'alert-info'] }, 'bug_url': None, 'help_url': "https://docs.openstack.org/", 'exceptions': {'recoverable': exceptions.RECOVERABLE, 'not_found': exceptions.NOT_FOUND, 'unauthorized': exceptions.UNAUTHORIZED}, 'modal_backdrop': 'static', 'angular_modules': [], 'js_files': [], 'js_spec_files': [], 'external_templates': [], 'plugins': [], 'integration_tests_support': INTEGRATION_TESTS_SUPPORT } # The OPENSTACK_IMAGE_BACKEND settings can be used to customize features # in the OpenStack Dashboard related to the Image service, such as the list # of supported image formats. OPENSTACK_IMAGE_BACKEND = { 'image_formats': [ ('', _('Select format')), ('aki', _('AKI - Amazon Kernel Image')), ('ami', _('AMI - Amazon Machine Image')), ('ari', _('ARI - Amazon Ramdisk Image')), ('docker', _('Docker')), ('iso', _('ISO - Optical Disk Image')), ('ova', _('OVA - Open Virtual Appliance')), ('ploop', _('PLOOP - Virtuozzo/Parallels Loopback Disk')), ('qcow2', _('QCOW2 - QEMU Emulator')), ('raw', _('Raw')), ('vdi', _('VDI - Virtual Disk Image')), ('vhd', _('VHD - Virtual Hard Disk')), ('vhdx', _('VHDX - Large Virtual Hard Disk')), ('vmdk', _('VMDK - Virtual Machine Disk')), ] } MIDDLEWARE = ( 'openstack_auth.middleware.OpenstackAuthMonkeyPatchMiddleware', 'debreach.middleware.RandomCommentMiddleware', 'django.middleware.common.CommonMiddleware', 'django.middleware.csrf.CsrfViewMiddleware', 'django.contrib.sessions.middleware.SessionMiddleware', 'django.contrib.auth.middleware.AuthenticationMiddleware', 'horizon.middleware.OperationLogMiddleware', 'django.contrib.messages.middleware.MessageMiddleware', 'horizon.middleware.HorizonMiddleware', 'horizon.themes.ThemeMiddleware', 'django.middleware.locale.LocaleMiddleware', 'django.middleware.clickjacking.XFrameOptionsMiddleware', 'openstack_dashboard.contrib.developer.profiler.middleware.' 'ProfilerClientMiddleware', 'openstack_dashboard.contrib.developer.profiler.middleware.' 'ProfilerMiddleware', ) CACHED_TEMPLATE_LOADERS = [ 'django.template.loaders.filesystem.Loader', 'django.template.loaders.app_directories.Loader', 'horizon.loaders.TemplateLoader' ] ADD_TEMPLATE_LOADERS = [] ADD_TEMPLATE_DIRS = [] TEMPLATES = [ { 'BACKEND': 'django.template.backends.django.DjangoTemplates', 'DIRS': [os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, 'templates')], 'OPTIONS': { 'context_processors': [ 'django.template.context_processors.debug', 'django.template.context_processors.i18n', 'django.template.context_processors.request', 'django.template.context_processors.media', 'django.template.context_processors.static', 'django.contrib.messages.context_processors.messages', 'horizon.context_processors.horizon', 'openstack_dashboard.context_processors.openstack', ], 'loaders': [ 'horizon.themes.ThemeTemplateLoader' ], }, }, ] STATICFILES_FINDERS = ( 'django.contrib.staticfiles.finders.FileSystemFinder', 'horizon.contrib.staticfiles.finders.HorizonStaticFinder', 'compressor.finders.CompressorFinder', ) COMPRESS_PRECOMPILERS = ( ('text/scss', 'horizon.utils.scss_filter.HorizonScssFilter'), ) COMPRESS_CSS_FILTERS = ( 'compressor.filters.css_default.CssAbsoluteFilter', ) COMPRESS_ENABLED = True COMPRESS_OUTPUT_DIR = 'dashboard' COMPRESS_CSS_HASHING_METHOD = 'hash' COMPRESS_PARSER = 'compressor.parser.HtmlParser' INSTALLED_APPS = [ 'openstack_dashboard', 'django.contrib.contenttypes', 'django.contrib.auth', 'django.contrib.sessions', 'django.contrib.messages', 'django.contrib.staticfiles', 'django.contrib.humanize', 'django_pyscss', 'debreach', 'openstack_dashboard.django_pyscss_fix', 'compressor', 'horizon', 'openstack_auth', ] AUTHENTICATION_BACKENDS = ('openstack_auth.backend.KeystoneBackend',) AUTHENTICATION_URLS = ['openstack_auth.urls'] AUTH_USER_MODEL = 'openstack_auth.User' MESSAGE_STORAGE = 'django.contrib.messages.storage.fallback.FallbackStorage' SESSION_ENGINE = 'django.contrib.sessions.backends.cache' CACHES = { 'default': { 'BACKEND': 'django.core.cache.backends.memcached.MemcachedCache', 'LOCATION': '127.0.0.1:11211', }, } SESSION_COOKIE_HTTPONLY = True SESSION_EXPIRE_AT_BROWSER_CLOSE = True SESSION_COOKIE_SECURE = False # Control whether the SESSION_TIMEOUT period is refreshed due to activity. If # False, SESSION_TIMEOUT acts as a hard limit. SESSION_REFRESH = True # This SESSION_TIMEOUT is a method to supercede the token timeout with a # shorter horizon session timeout (in seconds). If SESSION_REFRESH is True (the # default) SESSION_TIMEOUT acts like an idle timeout rather than being a hard # limit, but will never exceed the token expiry. If your token expires in 60 # minutes, a value of 1800 will log users out after 30 minutes of inactivity, # or 60 minutes with activity. Setting SESSION_REFRESH to False will make # SESSION_TIMEOUT act like a hard limit on session times. SESSION_TIMEOUT = 3600 # When using cookie-based sessions, log error when the session cookie exceeds # the following size (common browsers drop cookies above a certain size): SESSION_COOKIE_MAX_SIZE = 4093 # when doing upgrades, it may be wise to stick to PickleSerializer # NOTE(berendt): Check during the K-cycle if this variable can be removed. # https://bugs.launchpad.net/horizon/+bug/1349463 SESSION_SERIALIZER = 'django.contrib.sessions.serializers.PickleSerializer' # MEMOIZED_MAX_SIZE_DEFAULT allows setting a global default to help control # memory usage when caching. It should at least be 2 x the number of threads # with a little bit of extra buffer. MEMOIZED_MAX_SIZE_DEFAULT = 25 CSRF_FAILURE_VIEW = 'openstack_dashboard.views.csrf_failure' LANGUAGES = ( ('cs', 'Czech'), ('de', 'German'), ('en', 'English'), ('en-au', 'Australian English'), ('en-gb', 'British English'), ('eo', 'Esperanto'), ('es', 'Spanish'), ('fr', 'French'), ('id', 'Indonesian'), ('it', 'Italian'), ('ja', 'Japanese'), ('ko', 'Korean (Korea)'), ('pl', 'Polish'), ('pt-br', 'Portuguese (Brazil)'), ('ru', 'Russian'), ('tr', 'Turkish'), ('zh-cn', 'Simplified Chinese'), ('zh-tw', 'Chinese (Taiwan)'), ) LANGUAGE_CODE = 'en' LANGUAGE_COOKIE_NAME = 'horizon_language' USE_I18N = True USE_L10N = True USE_TZ = True # Set OPENSTACK_CLOUDS_YAML_NAME to provide a nicer name for this cloud for # the clouds.yaml file than "openstack". OPENSTACK_CLOUDS_YAML_NAME = 'openstack' # If this cloud has a vendor profile in os-client-config, put it's name here. OPENSTACK_CLOUDS_YAML_PROFILE = '' OPENSTACK_KEYSTONE_DEFAULT_ROLE = '_member_' DEFAULT_EXCEPTION_REPORTER_FILTER = 'horizon.exceptions.HorizonReporterFilter' POLICY_FILES_PATH = os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, "conf") # Map of local copy of service policy files POLICY_FILES = { 'identity': 'keystone_policy.json', 'compute': 'nova_policy.json', 'volume': 'cinder_policy.json', 'image': 'glance_policy.json', 'network': 'neutron_policy.json', } # Services for which horizon has extra policies are defined # in POLICY_DIRS by default. POLICY_DIRS = { 'compute': ['nova_policy.d'], 'volume': ['cinder_policy.d'], } SECRET_KEY = None LOCAL_PATH = None SECURITY_GROUP_RULES = { 'all_tcp': { 'name': _('All TCP'), 'ip_protocol': 'tcp', 'from_port': '1', 'to_port': '65535', }, 'all_udp': { 'name': _('All UDP'), 'ip_protocol': 'udp', 'from_port': '1', 'to_port': '65535', }, 'all_icmp': { 'name': _('All ICMP'), 'ip_protocol': 'icmp', 'from_port': '-1', 'to_port': '-1', }, } ADD_INSTALLED_APPS = [] # NOTE: The default value of USER_MENU_LINKS will be set after loading # local_settings if it is not configured. USER_MENU_LINKS = None # 'key', 'label', 'path' AVAILABLE_THEMES = [ ( 'default', pgettext_lazy('Default style theme', 'Default'), 'themes/default' ), ( 'material', pgettext_lazy("Google's Material Design style theme", "Material"), 'themes/material' ), ] # The default theme if no cookie is present DEFAULT_THEME = 'default' # Theme Static Directory THEME_COLLECTION_DIR = 'themes' # Theme Cookie Name THEME_COOKIE_NAME = 'theme' POLICY_CHECK_FUNCTION = 'openstack_auth.policy.check' CSRF_COOKIE_AGE = None COMPRESS_OFFLINE_CONTEXT = 'horizon.themes.offline_context' SHOW_KEYSTONE_V2_RC = False SHOW_OPENRC_FILE = True SHOW_OPENSTACK_CLOUDS_YAML = True # Dictionary of currently available angular features ANGULAR_FEATURES = { 'images_panel': True, 'key_pairs_panel': True, 'flavors_panel': False, 'domains_panel': False, 'users_panel': False, 'groups_panel': False, 'roles_panel': True } # Notice all customizable configurations should be above this line XSTATIC_MODULES = settings_utils.BASE_XSTATIC_MODULES OPENSTACK_PROFILER = { 'enabled': False } if not LOCAL_PATH: LOCAL_PATH = os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, 'local') LOCAL_SETTINGS_DIR_PATH = os.path.join(LOCAL_PATH, "local_settings.d") _files = glob.glob(os.path.join(LOCAL_PATH, 'local_settings.conf')) _files.extend( sorted(glob.glob(os.path.join(LOCAL_SETTINGS_DIR_PATH, '*.conf')))) _config = config.load_config(_files, ROOT_PATH, LOCAL_PATH) # Apply the general configuration. config.apply_config(_config, globals()) try: from local.local_settings import * # noqa: F403,H303 except ImportError: _LOG.warning("No local_settings file found.") # configure templates if not TEMPLATES[0]['DIRS']: TEMPLATES[0]['DIRS'] = [os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, 'templates')] TEMPLATES[0]['DIRS'] += ADD_TEMPLATE_DIRS # configure template debugging TEMPLATES[0]['OPTIONS']['debug'] = DEBUG # Template loaders if DEBUG: TEMPLATES[0]['OPTIONS']['loaders'].extend( CACHED_TEMPLATE_LOADERS + ADD_TEMPLATE_LOADERS ) else: TEMPLATES[0]['OPTIONS']['loaders'].extend( [('django.template.loaders.cached.Loader', CACHED_TEMPLATE_LOADERS)] + ADD_TEMPLATE_LOADERS ) # allow to drop settings snippets into a local_settings_dir LOCAL_SETTINGS_DIR_PATH = os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, "local", "local_settings.d") if os.path.exists(LOCAL_SETTINGS_DIR_PATH): for (dirpath, dirnames, filenames) in os.walk(LOCAL_SETTINGS_DIR_PATH): for filename in sorted(filenames): if filename.endswith(".py"): try: with open(os.path.join(dirpath, filename)) as f: # pylint: disable=exec-used exec(f.read()) except Exception as e: _LOG.exception( "Can not exec settings snippet %s", filename) # The purpose of OPENSTACK_IMAGE_FORMATS is to provide a simple object # that does not contain the lazy-loaded translations, so the list can # be sent as JSON to the client-side (Angular). OPENSTACK_IMAGE_FORMATS = [fmt for (fmt, name) in OPENSTACK_IMAGE_BACKEND['image_formats']] if USER_MENU_LINKS is None: USER_MENU_LINKS = [] if SHOW_KEYSTONE_V2_RC: USER_MENU_LINKS.append({ 'name': _('OpenStack RC File v2'), 'icon_classes': ['fa-download', ], 'url': 'horizon:project:api_access:openrcv2', }) if SHOW_OPENRC_FILE: USER_MENU_LINKS.append({ 'name': (_('OpenStack RC File v3') if SHOW_KEYSTONE_V2_RC else _('OpenStack RC File')), 'icon_classes': ['fa-download', ], 'url': 'horizon:project:api_access:openrc', }) if not WEBROOT.endswith('/'): WEBROOT += '/' if LOGIN_URL is None: LOGIN_URL = WEBROOT + 'auth/login/' if LOGOUT_URL is None: LOGOUT_URL = WEBROOT + 'auth/logout/' if LOGIN_ERROR is None: LOGIN_ERROR = WEBROOT + 'auth/error/' if LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL is None: LOGIN_REDIRECT_URL = WEBROOT if MEDIA_ROOT is None: MEDIA_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, '..', 'media')) if MEDIA_URL is None: MEDIA_URL = WEBROOT + 'media/' if STATIC_ROOT is None: STATIC_ROOT = os.path.abspath(os.path.join(ROOT_PATH, '..', 'static')) if STATIC_URL is None: STATIC_URL = WEBROOT + 'static/' AVAILABLE_THEMES, SELECTABLE_THEMES, DEFAULT_THEME = ( theme_settings.get_available_themes( AVAILABLE_THEMES, DEFAULT_THEME, SELECTABLE_THEMES ) ) # Discover all the directories that contain static files STATICFILES_DIRS = theme_settings.get_theme_static_dirs( AVAILABLE_THEMES, THEME_COLLECTION_DIR, ROOT_PATH) # Ensure that we always have a SECRET_KEY set, even when no local_settings.py # file is present. See local_settings.py.example for full documentation on the # horizon.utils.secret_key module and its use. if not SECRET_KEY: if not LOCAL_PATH: LOCAL_PATH = os.path.join(os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)), 'local') # pylint: disable=ungrouped-imports from horizon.utils import secret_key SECRET_KEY = secret_key.generate_or_read_from_file(os.path.join(LOCAL_PATH, '.secret_key_store')) # populate HORIZON_CONFIG with auto-discovered JavaScript sources, mock files, # specs files and external templates. settings_utils.find_static_files(HORIZON_CONFIG, AVAILABLE_THEMES, THEME_COLLECTION_DIR, ROOT_PATH) INSTALLED_APPS = list(INSTALLED_APPS) # Make sure it's mutable settings_utils.update_dashboards( [ enabled, local_enabled, ], HORIZON_CONFIG, INSTALLED_APPS, ) INSTALLED_APPS[0:0] = ADD_INSTALLED_APPS NG_TEMPLATE_CACHE_AGE = NG_TEMPLATE_CACHE_AGE if not DEBUG else 0 # Include xstatic_modules specified in plugin XSTATIC_MODULES += HORIZON_CONFIG['xstatic_modules'] # Discover all the xstatic module entry points to embed in our HTML STATICFILES_DIRS += settings_utils.get_xstatic_dirs( XSTATIC_MODULES, HORIZON_CONFIG) # This base context objects gets added to the offline context generator # for each theme configured. HORIZON_COMPRESS_OFFLINE_CONTEXT_BASE = { 'WEBROOT': WEBROOT, 'STATIC_URL': STATIC_URL, 'HORIZON_CONFIG': HORIZON_CONFIG, 'NG_TEMPLATE_CACHE_AGE': NG_TEMPLATE_CACHE_AGE, } if DEBUG: logging.basicConfig(level=logging.DEBUG) # Here comes the Django settings deprecation section. Being at the very end # of settings.py allows it to catch the settings defined in local_settings.py # or inside one of local_settings.d/ snippets.
matthewmueller / Enqueueseamlessly queue up asynchronous function calls. supports concurrency and timeouts.
feross / Function With TimeoutEnsure a function is always called within a timeout period
