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fighting41love / FunNLP中英文敏感词、语言检测、中外手机/电话归属地/运营商查询、名字推断性别、手机号抽取、身份证抽取、邮箱抽取、中日文人名库、中文缩写库、拆字词典、词汇情感值、停用词、反动词表、暴恐词表、繁简体转换、英文模拟中文发音、汪峰歌词生成器、职业名称词库、同义词库、反义词库、否定词库、汽车品牌词库、汽车零件词库、连续英文切割、各种中文词向量、公司名字大全、古诗词库、IT词库、财经词库、成语词库、地名词库、历史名人词库、诗词词库、医学词库、饮食词库、法律词库、汽车词库、动物词库、中文聊天语料、中文谣言数据、百度中文问答数据集、句子相似度匹配算法集合、bert资源、文本生成&摘要相关工具、cocoNLP信息抽取工具、国内电话号码正则匹配、清华大学XLORE:中英文跨语言百科知识图谱、清华大学人工智能技术系列报告、自然语言生成、NLU太难了系列、自动对联数据及机器人、用户名黑名单列表、罪名法务名词及分类模型、微信公众号语料、cs224n深度学习自然语言处理课程、中文手写汉字识别、中文自然语言处理 语料/数据集、变量命名神器、分词语料库+代码、任务型对话英文数据集、ASR 语音数据集 + 基于深度学习的中文语音识别系统、笑声检测器、Microsoft多语言数字/单位/如日期时间识别包、中华新华字典数据库及api(包括常用歇后语、成语、词语和汉字)、文档图谱自动生成、SpaCy 中文模型、Common Voice语音识别数据集新版、神经网络关系抽取、基于bert的命名实体识别、关键词(Keyphrase)抽取包pke、基于医疗领域知识图谱的问答系统、基于依存句法与语义角色标注的事件三元组抽取、依存句法分析4万句高质量标注数据、cnocr：用来做中文OCR的Python3包、中文人物关系知识图谱项目、中文nlp竞赛项目及代码汇总、中文字符数据、speech-aligner: 从“人声语音”及其“语言文本”产生音素级别时间对齐标注的工具、AmpliGraph: 知识图谱表示学习(Python)库：知识图谱概念链接预测、Scattertext 文本可视化(python)、语言/知识表示工具：BERT & ERNIE、中文对比英文自然语言处理NLP的区别综述、Synonyms中文近义词工具包、HarvestText领域自适应文本挖掘工具（新词发现-情感分析-实体链接等）、word2word：(Python)方便易用的多语言词-词对集：62种语言/3,564个多语言对、语音识别语料生成工具：从具有音频/字幕的在线视频创建自动语音识别(ASR)语料库、构建医疗实体识别的模型（包含词典和语料标注）、单文档非监督的关键词抽取、Kashgari中使用gpt-2语言模型、开源的金融投资数据提取工具、文本自动摘要库TextTeaser: 仅支持英文、人民日报语料处理工具集、一些关于自然语言的基本模型、基于14W歌曲知识库的问答尝试--功能包括歌词接龙and已知歌词找歌曲以及歌曲歌手歌词三角关系的问答、基于Siamese bilstm模型的相似句子判定模型并提供训练数据集和测试数据集、用Transformer编解码模型实现的根据Hacker News文章标题自动生成评论、用BERT进行序列标记和文本分类的模板代码、LitBank：NLP数据集——支持自然语言处理和计算人文学科任务的100部带标记英文小说语料、百度开源的基准信息抽取系统、虚假新闻数据集、Facebook: LAMA语言模型分析，提供Transformer-XL/BERT/ELMo/GPT预训练语言模型的统一访问接口、CommonsenseQA：面向常识的英文QA挑战、中文知识图谱资料、数据及工具、各大公司内部里大牛分享的技术文档 PDF 或者 PPT、自然语言生成SQL语句（英文）、中文NLP数据增强（EDA）工具、英文NLP数据增强工具 、基于医药知识图谱的智能问答系统、京东商品知识图谱、基于mongodb存储的军事领域知识图谱问答项目、基于远监督的中文关系抽取、语音情感分析、中文ULMFiT-情感分析-文本分类-语料及模型、一个拍照做题程序、世界各国大规模人名库、一个利用有趣中文语料库 qingyun 训练出来的中文聊天机器人、中文聊天机器人seqGAN、省市区镇行政区划数据带拼音标注、教育行业新闻语料库包含自动文摘功能、开放了对话机器人-知识图谱-语义理解-自然语言处理工具及数据、中文知识图谱：基于百度百科中文页面-抽取三元组信息-构建中文知识图谱、masr: 中文语音识别-提供预训练模型-高识别率、Python音频数据增广库、中文全词覆盖BERT及两份阅读理解数据、ConvLab：开源多域端到端对话系统平台、中文自然语言处理数据集、基于最新版本rasa搭建的对话系统、基于TensorFlow和BERT的管道式实体及关系抽取、一个小型的证券知识图谱/知识库、复盘所有NLP比赛的TOP方案、OpenCLaP：多领域开源中文预训练语言模型仓库、UER：基于不同语料+编码器+目标任务的中文预训练模型仓库、中文自然语言处理向量合集、基于金融-司法领域(兼有闲聊性质)的聊天机器人、g2pC：基于上下文的汉语读音自动标记模块、Zincbase 知识图谱构建工具包、诗歌质量评价/细粒度情感诗歌语料库、快速转化「中文数字」和「阿拉伯数字」、百度知道问答语料库、基于知识图谱的问答系统、jieba_fast 加速版的jieba、正则表达式教程、中文阅读理解数据集、基于BERT等最新语言模型的抽取式摘要提取、Python利用深度学习进行文本摘要的综合指南、知识图谱深度学习相关资料整理、维基大规模平行文本语料、StanfordNLP 0.2.0：纯Python版自然语言处理包、NeuralNLP-NeuralClassifier：腾讯开源深度学习文本分类工具、端到端的封闭域对话系统、中文命名实体识别：NeuroNER vs. BertNER、新闻事件线索抽取、2019年百度的三元组抽取比赛：“科学空间队”源码、基于依存句法的开放域文本知识三元组抽取和知识库构建、中文的GPT2训练代码、ML-NLP - 机器学习(Machine Learning)NLP面试中常考到的知识点和代码实现、nlp4han:中文自然语言处理工具集(断句/分词/词性标注/组块/句法分析/语义分析/NER/N元语法/HMM/代词消解/情感分析/拼写检查、XLM：Facebook的跨语言预训练语言模型、用基于BERT的微调和特征提取方法来进行知识图谱百度百科人物词条属性抽取、中文自然语言处理相关的开放任务-数据集-当前最佳结果、CoupletAI - 基于CNN+Bi-LSTM+Attention 的自动对对联系统、抽象知识图谱、MiningZhiDaoQACorpus - 580万百度知道问答数据挖掘项目、brat rapid annotation tool: 序列标注工具、大规模中文知识图谱数据：1.4亿实体、数据增强在机器翻译及其他nlp任务中的应用及效果、allennlp阅读理解:支持多种数据和模型、PDF表格数据提取工具 、 Graphbrain：AI开源软件库和科研工具，目的是促进自动意义提取和文本理解以及知识的探索和推断、简历自动筛选系统、基于命名实体识别的简历自动摘要、中文语言理解测评基准，包括代表性的数据集&基准模型&语料库&排行榜、树洞 OCR 文字识别 、从包含表格的扫描图片中识别表格和文字、语声迁移、Python口语自然语言处理工具集(英文)、 similarity：相似度计算工具包，java编写、海量中文预训练ALBERT模型 、Transformers 2.0 、基于大规模音频数据集Audioset的音频增强 、Poplar：网页版自然语言标注工具、图片文字去除，可用于漫画翻译 、186种语言的数字叫法库、Amazon发布基于知识的人-人开放领域对话数据集 、中文文本纠错模块代码、繁简体转换 、 Python实现的多种文本可读性评价指标、类似于人名/地名/组织机构名的命名体识别数据集 、东南大学《知识图谱》研究生课程(资料)、. 英文拼写检查库 、 wwsearch是企业微信后台自研的全文检索引擎、CHAMELEON：深度学习新闻推荐系统元架构 、 8篇论文梳理BERT相关模型进展与反思、DocSearch：免费文档搜索引擎、 LIDA：轻量交互式对话标注工具 、aili - the fastest in-memory index in the East 东半球最快并发索引 、知识图谱车音工作项目、自然语言生成资源大全 、中日韩分词库mecab的Python接口库、中文文本摘要/关键词提取、汉字字符特征提取器 (featurizer)，提取汉字的特征（发音特征、字形特征）用做深度学习的特征、中文生成任务基准测评 、中文缩写数据集、中文任务基准测评 - 代表性的数据集-基准(预训练)模型-语料库-baseline-工具包-排行榜、PySS3：面向可解释AI的SS3文本分类器机器可视化工具 、中文NLP数据集列表、COPE - 格律诗编辑程序、doccano：基于网页的开源协同多语言文本标注工具 、PreNLP：自然语言预处理库、简单的简历解析器，用来从简历中提取关键信息、用于中文闲聊的GPT2模型：GPT2-chitchat、基于检索聊天机器人多轮响应选择相关资源列表(Leaderboards、Datasets、Papers)、(Colab)抽象文本摘要实现集锦(教程 、词语拼音数据、高效模糊搜索工具、NLP数据增广资源集、微软对话机器人框架 、 GitHub Typo Corpus：大规模GitHub多语言拼写错误/语法错误数据集、TextCluster：短文本聚类预处理模块 Short text cluster、面向语音识别的中文文本规范化、BLINK：最先进的实体链接库、BertPunc：基于BERT的最先进标点修复模型、Tokenizer：快速、可定制的文本词条化库、中文语言理解测评基准，包括代表性的数据集、基准(预训练)模型、语料库、排行榜、spaCy 医学文本挖掘与信息提取 、 NLP任务示例项目代码集、 python拼写检查库、chatbot-list - 行业内关于智能客服、聊天机器人的应用和架构、算法分享和介绍、语音质量评价指标(MOSNet, BSSEval, STOI, PESQ, SRMR)、 用138GB语料训练的法文RoBERTa预训练语言模型 、BERT-NER-Pytorch：三种不同模式的BERT中文NER实验、无道词典 - 有道词典的命令行版本，支持英汉互查和在线查询、2019年NLP亮点回顾、 Chinese medical dialogue data 中文医疗对话数据集 、最好的汉字数字(中文数字)-阿拉伯数字转换工具、 基于百科知识库的中文词语多词义/义项获取与特定句子词语语义消歧、awesome-nlp-sentiment-analysis - 情感分析、情绪原因识别、评价对象和评价词抽取、LineFlow：面向所有深度学习框架的NLP数据高效加载器、中文医学NLP公开资源整理 、MedQuAD：(英文)医学问答数据集、将自然语言数字串解析转换为整数和浮点数、Transfer Learning in Natural Language Processing (NLP) 、面向语音识别的中文/英文发音辞典、Tokenizers：注重性能与多功能性的最先进分词器、CLUENER 细粒度命名实体识别 Fine Grained Named Entity Recognition、 基于BERT的中文命名实体识别、中文谣言数据库、NLP数据集/基准任务大列表、nlp相关的一些论文及代码, 包括主题模型、词向量(Word Embedding)、命名实体识别(NER)、文本分类(Text Classificatin)、文本生成(Text Generation)、文本相似性(Text Similarity)计算等，涉及到各种与nlp相关的算法，基于keras和tensorflow 、Python文本挖掘/NLP实战示例、 Blackstone：面向非结构化法律文本的spaCy pipeline和NLP模型通过同义词替换实现文本“变脸” 、中文 预训练 ELECTREA 模型: 基于对抗学习 pretrain Chinese Model 、albert-chinese-ner - 用预训练语言模型ALBERT做中文NER 、基于GPT2的特定主题文本生成/文本增广、开源预训练语言模型合集、多语言句向量包、编码、标记和实现：一种可控高效的文本生成方法、 英文脏话大列表 、attnvis：GPT2、BERT等transformer语言模型注意力交互可视化、CoVoST：Facebook发布的多语种语音-文本翻译语料库，包括11种语言(法语、德语、荷兰语、俄语、西班牙语、意大利语、土耳其语、波斯语、瑞典语、蒙古语和中文)的语音、文字转录及英文译文、Jiagu自然语言处理工具 - 以BiLSTM等模型为基础，提供知识图谱关系抽取 中文分词 词性标注 命名实体识别 情感分析 新词发现 关键词 文本摘要 文本聚类等功能、用unet实现对文档表格的自动检测，表格重建、NLP事件提取文献资源列表 、 金融领域自然语言处理研究资源大列表、CLUEDatasetSearch - 中英文NLP数据集：搜索所有中文NLP数据集，附常用英文NLP数据集 、medical_NER - 中文医学知识图谱命名实体识别 、(哈佛)讲因果推理的免费书、知识图谱相关学习资料/数据集/工具资源大列表、Forte：灵活强大的自然语言处理pipeline工具集 、Python字符串相似性算法库、PyLaia：面向手写文档分析的深度学习工具包、TextFooler：针对文本分类/推理的对抗文本生成模块、Haystack：灵活、强大的可扩展问答(QA)框架、中文关键短语抽取工具
dhvanikotak / Emotion Detection In VideosThe aim of this work is to recognize the six emotions (happiness, sadness, disgust, surprise, fear and anger) based on human facial expressions extracted from videos. To achieve this, we are considering people of different ethnicity, age and gender where each one of them reacts very different when they express their emotions. We collected a data set of 149 videos that included short videos from both, females and males, expressing each of the the emotions described before. The data set was built by students and each of them recorded a video expressing all the emotions with no directions or instructions at all. Some videos included more body parts than others. In other cases, videos have objects in the background an even different light setups. We wanted this to be as general as possible with no restrictions at all, so it could be a very good indicator of our main goal. The code detect_faces.py just detects faces from the video and we saved this video in the dimension 240x320. Using this algorithm creates shaky videos. Thus we then stabilized all videos. This can be done via a code or online free stabilizers are also available. After which we used the stabilized videos and ran it through code emotion_classification_videos_faces.py. in the code we developed a method to extract features based on histogram of dense optical flows (HOF) and we used a support vector machine (SVM) classifier to tackle the recognition problem. For each video at each frame we extracted optical flows. Optical flows measure the motion relative to an observer between two frames at each point of them. Therefore, at each point in the image you will have two values that describes the vector representing the motion between the two frames: the magnitude and the angle. In our case, since videos have a resolution of 240x320, each frame will have a feature descriptor of dimensions 240x320x2. So, the final video descriptor will have a dimension of #framesx240x320x2. In order to make a video comparable to other inputs (because inputs of different length will not be comparable with each other), we need to somehow find a way to summarize the video into a single descriptor. We achieve this by calculating a histogram of the optical flows. This is, separate the extracted flows into categories and count the number of flows for each category. In more details, we split the scene into a grid of s by s bins (10 in this case) in order to record the location of each feature, and then categorized the direction of the flow as one of the 8 different motion directions considered in this problem. After this, we count for each direction the number of flows occurring in each direction bin. Finally, we end up with an s by s by 8 bins descriptor per each frame. Now, the summarizing step for each video could be the average of the histograms in each grid (average pooling method) or we could just pick the maximum value of the histograms by grid throughout all the frames on a video (max pooling For the classification process, we used support vector machine (SVM) with a non linear kernel classifier, discussed in class, to recognize the new facial expressions. We also considered a Naïve Bayes classifier, but it is widely known that svm outperforms the last method in the computer vision field. A confusion matrix can be made to plot results better.
whjdark / AAGNetAAGNet, for automatic machining feature recognition using a geometric Attributed Adjacency Graph (gAAG) representation that preserves topological, geometric, and extended attributes from neutral boundary representation (B-Rep) models.
abhishek305 / PyBot A ChatBot For Answering Python Queries Using NLPPybot can change the way learners try to learn python programming language in a more interactive way. This chatbot will try to solve or provide answer to almost every python related issues or queries that the user is asking for. We are implementing NLP for improving the efficiency of the chatbot. We will include voice feature for more interactivity to the user. By utilizing NLP, developers can organize and structure knowledge to perform tasks such as automatic summarization, translation, named entity recognition, relationship extraction, sentiment analysis, speech recognition, and topic segmentation. NLTK has been called “a wonderful tool for teaching and working in, computational linguistics using Python,” and “an amazing library to play with natural language.The main issue with text data is that it is all in text format (strings). However, the Machine learning algorithms need some sort of numerical feature vector in order to perform the task. So before we start with any NLP project we need to pre-process it to make it ideal for working. Converting the entire text into uppercase or lowercase, so that the algorithm does not treat the same words in different cases as different Tokenization is just the term used to describe the process of converting the normal text strings into a list of tokens i.e words that we actually want. Sentence tokenizer can be used to find the list of sentences and Word tokenizer can be used to find the list of words in strings.Removing Noise i.e everything that isn’t in a standard number or letter.Removing Stop words. Sometimes, some extremely common words which would appear to be of little value in helping select documents matching a user need are excluded from the vocabulary entirely. These words are called stop words.Stemming is the process of reducing inflected (or sometimes derived) words to their stem, base or root form — generally a written word form. Example if we were to stem the following words: “Stems”, “Stemming”, “Stemmed”, “and Stemtization”, the result would be a single word “stem”. A slight variant of stemming is lemmatization. The major difference between these is, that, stemming can often create non-existent words, whereas lemmas are actual words. So, your root stem, meaning the word you end up with, is not something you can just look up in a dictionary, but you can look up a lemma. Examples of Lemmatization are that “run” is a base form for words like “running” or “ran” or that the word “better” and “good” are in the same lemma so they are considered the same.
doans / Underwater Acoustic Target Classification Based On Dense Convolutional Neural NetworkIn oceanic remote sensing operations, underwater acoustic target recognition is always a difficult and extremely important task of sonar systems, especially in the condition of complex sound wave propagation characteristics. Expensively learning recognition model for big data analysis is typically an obstacle for most traditional machine learning (ML) algorithms, whereas convolutional neural network (CNN), a type of deep neural network, can automatically extract features for accurate classification. In this study, we propose an approach using a dense CNN model for underwater target recognition. The network architecture is designed to cleverly re-use all former feature maps to optimize classification rate under various impaired conditions while satisfying low computational cost. In addition, instead of using time-frequency spectrogram images, the proposed scheme allows directly utilizing original audio signal in time domain as the network input data. Based on the experimental results evaluated on the real-world dataset of passive sonar, our classification model achieves the overall accuracy of 98.85$\%$ at 0 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and outperforms traditional ML techniques, as well as other state-of-the-art CNN models.
Aryia-Behroziuan / NeuronsAn ANN is a model based on a collection of connected units or nodes called "artificial neurons", which loosely model the neurons in a biological brain. Each connection, like the synapses in a biological brain, can transmit information, a "signal", from one artificial neuron to another. An artificial neuron that receives a signal can process it and then signal additional artificial neurons connected to it. In common ANN implementations, the signal at a connection between artificial neurons is a real number, and the output of each artificial neuron is computed by some non-linear function of the sum of its inputs. The connections between artificial neurons are called "edges". Artificial neurons and edges typically have a weight that adjusts as learning proceeds. The weight increases or decreases the strength of the signal at a connection. Artificial neurons may have a threshold such that the signal is only sent if the aggregate signal crosses that threshold. Typically, artificial neurons are aggregated into layers. Different layers may perform different kinds of transformations on their inputs. Signals travel from the first layer (the input layer) to the last layer (the output layer), possibly after traversing the layers multiple times. The original goal of the ANN approach was to solve problems in the same way that a human brain would. However, over time, attention moved to performing specific tasks, leading to deviations from biology. Artificial neural networks have been used on a variety of tasks, including computer vision, speech recognition, machine translation, social network filtering, playing board and video games and medical diagnosis. Deep learning consists of multiple hidden layers in an artificial neural network. This approach tries to model the way the human brain processes light and sound into vision and hearing. Some successful applications of deep learning are computer vision and speech recognition.[68] Decision trees Main article: Decision tree learning Decision tree learning uses a decision tree as a predictive model to go from observations about an item (represented in the branches) to conclusions about the item's target value (represented in the leaves). It is one of the predictive modeling approaches used in statistics, data mining, and machine learning. Tree models where the target variable can take a discrete set of values are called classification trees; in these tree structures, leaves represent class labels and branches represent conjunctions of features that lead to those class labels. Decision trees where the target variable can take continuous values (typically real numbers) are called regression trees. In decision analysis, a decision tree can be used to visually and explicitly represent decisions and decision making. In data mining, a decision tree describes data, but the resulting classification tree can be an input for decision making. Support vector machines Main article: Support vector machines Support vector machines (SVMs), also known as support vector networks, are a set of related supervised learning methods used for classification and regression. Given a set of training examples, each marked as belonging to one of two categories, an SVM training algorithm builds a model that predicts whether a new example falls into one category or the other.[69] An SVM training algorithm is a non-probabilistic, binary, linear classifier, although methods such as Platt scaling exist to use SVM in a probabilistic classification setting. In addition to performing linear classification, SVMs can efficiently perform a non-linear classification using what is called the kernel trick, implicitly mapping their inputs into high-dimensional feature spaces. Illustration of linear regression on a data set. Regression analysis Main article: Regression analysis Regression analysis encompasses a large variety of statistical methods to estimate the relationship between input variables and their associated features. Its most common form is linear regression, where a single line is drawn to best fit the given data according to a mathematical criterion such as ordinary least squares. The latter is often extended by regularization (mathematics) methods to mitigate overfitting and bias, as in ridge regression. When dealing with non-linear problems, go-to models include polynomial regression (for example, used for trendline fitting in Microsoft Excel[70]), logistic regression (often used in statistical classification) or even kernel regression, which introduces non-linearity by taking advantage of the kernel trick to implicitly map input variables to higher-dimensional space. Bayesian networks Main article: Bayesian network A simple Bayesian network. Rain influences whether the sprinkler is activated, and both rain and the sprinkler influence whether the grass is wet. A Bayesian network, belief network, or directed acyclic graphical model is a probabilistic graphical model that represents a set of random variables and their conditional independence with a directed acyclic graph (DAG). For example, a Bayesian network could represent the probabilistic relationships between diseases and symptoms. Given symptoms, the network can be used to compute the probabilities of the presence of various diseases. Efficient algorithms exist that perform inference and learning. Bayesian networks that model sequences of variables, like speech signals or protein sequences, are called dynamic Bayesian networks. Generalizations of Bayesian networks that can represent and solve decision problems under uncertainty are called influence diagrams. Genetic algorithms Main article: Genetic algorithm A genetic algorithm (GA) is a search algorithm and heuristic technique that mimics the process of natural selection, using methods such as mutation and crossover to generate new genotypes in the hope of finding good solutions to a given problem. In machine learning, genetic algorithms were used in the 1980s and 1990s.[71][72] Conversely, machine learning techniques have been used to improve the performance of genetic and evolutionary algorithms.[73] Training models Usually, machine learning models require a lot of data in order for them to perform well. Usually, when training a machine learning model, one needs to collect a large, representative sample of data from a training set. Data from the training set can be as varied as a corpus of text, a collection of images, and data collected from individual users of a service. Overfitting is something to watch out for when training a machine learning model. Federated learning Main article: Federated learning Federated learning is an adapted form of distributed artificial intelligence to training machine learning models that decentralizes the training process, allowing for users' privacy to be maintained by not needing to send their data to a centralized server. This also increases efficiency by decentralizing the training process to many devices. For example, Gboard uses federated machine learning to train search query prediction models on users' mobile phones without having to send individual searches back to Google.[74] Applications There are many applications for machine learning, including: Agriculture Anatomy Adaptive websites Affective computing Banking Bioinformatics Brain–machine interfaces Cheminformatics Citizen science Computer networks Computer vision Credit-card fraud detection Data quality DNA sequence classification Economics Financial market analysis[75] General game playing Handwriting recognition Information retrieval Insurance Internet fraud detection Linguistics Machine learning control Machine perception Machine translation Marketing Medical diagnosis Natural language processing Natural language understanding Online advertising Optimization Recommender systems Robot locomotion Search engines Sentiment analysis Sequence mining Software engineering Speech recognition Structural health monitoring Syntactic pattern recognition Telecommunication Theorem proving Time series forecasting User behavior analytics In 2006, the media-services provider Netflix held the first "Netflix Prize" competition to find a program to better predict user preferences and improve the accuracy of its existing Cinematch movie recommendation algorithm by at least 10%. A joint team made up of researchers from AT&T Labs-Research in collaboration with the teams Big Chaos and Pragmatic Theory built an ensemble model to win the Grand Prize in 2009 for $1 million.[76] Shortly after the prize was awarded, Netflix realized that viewers' ratings were not the best indicators of their viewing patterns ("everything is a recommendation") and they changed their recommendation engine accordingly.[77] In 2010 The Wall Street Journal wrote about the firm Rebellion Research and their use of machine learning to predict the financial crisis.[78] In 2012, co-founder of Sun Microsystems, Vinod Khosla, predicted that 80% of medical doctors' jobs would be lost in the next two decades to automated machine learning medical diagnostic software.[79] In 2014, it was reported that a machine learning algorithm had been applied in the field of art history to study fine art paintings and that it may have revealed previously unrecognized influences among artists.[80] In 2019 Springer Nature published the first research book created using machine learning.[81] Limitations Although machine learning has been transformative in some fields, machine-learning programs often fail to deliver expected results.[82][83][84] Reasons for this are numerous: lack of (suitable) data, lack of access to the data, data bias, privacy problems, badly chosen tasks and algorithms, wrong tools and people, lack of resources, and evaluation problems.[85] In 2018, a self-driving car from Uber failed to detect a pedestrian, who was killed after a collision.[86] Attempts to use machine learning in healthcare with the IBM Watson system failed to deliver even after years of time and billions of dollars invested.[87][88] Bias Main article: Algorithmic bias Machine learning approaches in particular can suffer from different data biases. A machine learning system trained on current customers only may not be able to predict the needs of new customer groups that are not represented in the training data. When trained on man-made data, machine learning is likely to pick up the same constitutional and unconscious biases already present in society.[89] Language models learned from data have been shown to contain human-like biases.[90][91] Machine learning systems used for criminal risk assessment have been found to be biased against black people.[92][93] In 2015, Google photos would often tag black people as gorillas,[94] and in 2018 this still was not well resolved, but Google reportedly was still using the workaround to remove all gorillas from the training data, and thus was not able to recognize real gorillas at all.[95] Similar issues with recognizing non-white people have been found in many other systems.[96] In 2016, Microsoft tested a chatbot that learned from Twitter, and it quickly picked up racist and sexist language.[97] Because of such challenges, the effective use of machine learning may take longer to be adopted in other domains.[98] Concern for fairness in machine learning, that is, reducing bias in machine learning and propelling its use for human good is increasingly expressed by artificial intelligence scientists, including Fei-Fei Li, who reminds engineers that "There’s nothing artificial about AI...It’s inspired by people, it’s created by people, and—most importantly—it impacts people. It is a powerful tool we are only just beginning to understand, and that is a profound responsibility.”[99] Model assessments Classification of machine learning models can be validated by accuracy estimation techniques like the holdout method, which splits the data in a training and test set (conventionally 2/3 training set and 1/3 test set designation) and evaluates the performance of the training model on the test set. In comparison, the K-fold-cross-validation method randomly partitions the data into K subsets and then K experiments are performed each respectively considering 1 subset for evaluation and the remaining K-1 subsets for training the model. In addition to the holdout and cross-validation methods, bootstrap, which samples n instances with replacement from the dataset, can be used to assess model accuracy.[100] In addition to overall accuracy, investigators frequently report sensitivity and specificity meaning True Positive Rate (TPR) and True Negative Rate (TNR) respectively. Similarly, investigators sometimes report the false positive rate (FPR) as well as the false negative rate (FNR). However, these rates are ratios that fail to reveal their numerators and denominators. The total operating characteristic (TOC) is an effective method to express a model's diagnostic ability. TOC shows the numerators and denominators of the previously mentioned rates, thus TOC provides more information than the commonly used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) and ROC's associated area under the curve (AUC).[101] Ethics Machine learning poses a host of ethical questions. Systems which are trained on datasets collected with biases may exhibit these biases upon use (algorithmic bias), thus digitizing cultural prejudices.[102] For example, using job hiring data from a firm with racist hiring policies may lead to a machine learning system duplicating the bias by scoring job applicants against similarity to previous successful applicants.[103][104] Responsible collection of data and documentation of algorithmic rules used by a system thus is a critical part of machine learning. Because human languages contain biases, machines trained on language corpora will necessarily also learn these biases.[105][106] Other forms of ethical challenges, not related to personal biases, are more seen in health care. There are concerns among health care professionals that these systems might not be designed in the public's interest but as income-generating machines. This is especially true in the United States where there is a long-standing ethical dilemma of improving health care, but also increasing profits. For example, the algorithms could be designed to provide patients with unnecessary tests or medication in which the algorithm's proprietary owners hold stakes. There is huge potential for machine learning in health care to provide professionals a great tool to diagnose, medicate, and even plan recovery paths for patients, but this will not happen until the personal biases mentioned previously, and these "greed" biases are addressed.[107] Hardware Since the 2010s, advances in both machine learning algorithms and computer hardware have led to more efficient methods for training deep neural networks (a particular narrow subdomain of machine learning) that contain many layers of non-linear hidden units.[108] By 2019, graphic processing units (GPUs), often with AI-specific enhancements, had displaced CPUs as the dominant method of training large-scale commercial cloud AI.[109] OpenAI estimated the hardware compute used in the largest deep learning projects from AlexNet (2012) to AlphaZero (2017), and found a 300,000-fold increase in the amount of compute required, with a doubling-time trendline of 3.4 months.[110][111] Software Software suites containing a variety of machine learning algorithms include the following: Free and open-source so
zibozzb / FeatureNetMachining feature recognition
zhangshuming0668 / BrepMFRCode for BrepMFR: Enhancing machining feature recognition in B-rep models through deep learning and domain adaptation.
Shivadharshini-V / Fingerprint RecognitionThis project implements a fingerprint recognition system using ORB for feature extraction and SVM for classification in Python. It preprocesses fingerprint images, trains a machine learning model, and predicts the person ID from new inputs. The system is designed for beginners to learn biometric authentication and image processing.
AndrewColligan / CADNetCode for Graph Representation of 3D CAD models for Machining Feature Recognition with Deep Learning paper on deep learning from planar B-Rep CAD models.
khushboo-agarwal / Action Recognitionrecognize actions from videos using machine learning classifier(s) and suitable features. You will use UCF sports action data set here http://crcv.ucf.edu/data/ucf_sports_actions.zip. UCF Sports dataset consists of a set of actions collected from various sports which are typically featured on broadcast television channels such as the BBC and ESPN. The video sequences were obtained from a wide range of stock footage websites including BBC Motion gallery and GettyImages. The dataset includes a total of 150 sequences with the resolution of 720 x 480. The collection represents a natural pool of actions featured in a wide range of scenes and viewpoints. By releasing the data set we hope to encourage further research into this class of action recognition in unconstrained environments. Since its introduction, the dataset has been used for numerous applications such as: action recognition, action localization, and saliency detection. The dataset includes the following 10 actions. The figure above shows the a sample frame of all ten actions, along with their bounding box annotations of the humans shown in yellow.
manyasrinivas2021 / AI BASED FACIAL EMOTION DETECTION USING DEEP LEARNING“AI Based Facial Emotion Detection”, developed using many machine learning algorithms including convolution neural networks (CNN) for a facial expression recognition task. The goal is to classify each facial image into one of the seven facial emotion categories considered in this study.Trained CNN models with different depth using gray-scale images from the Kaggle website.CNN models are developed in Pytorch and exploited Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) computation in order to expedite the training process. In addition to the networks performing based on raw pixel data,Hybrid feature strategy is employed by which trained a novel CNN model with the combination of raw pixel data and Histogram of Oriented Gradients (HOG) features. To reduce the over fitting of the models,different techniques are utilized including dropout and batch normalization in addition to L2 regularization. Cross validation is applied to determine the optimal hyper-parameters and evaluated the performance of the developed models by looking at their training histories. Visualization of different layers of a network is presented to show what features of a face can be learned by CNN models. Based on the emotion the program recommends the music for the user to up flit the mood.
jainsee24 / Parallel Face DetectionImage segmentation is the process of dividing an image into multiple parts. It is typically used to identify objects or other relevant information in digital images. There are many ways to perform image segmentation including Thresholding methods, Color-based segmentation, Transform methods among many others. Alternately edge detection can be used for image segmentation and data extraction in areas such as image processing, computer vision, and machine vision. Image thresholding is a simple, yet effective, way of partitioning an image into a foreground and background. This image analysis technique is a type of image segmentation that isolates objects by converting grayscale images into binary images. Image thresholding is most effective in images with high levels of contrast. Otsu's method, named after Nobuyuki Otsu, is one such implementation of Image Thresholding which involves iterating through all the possible threshold values and calculating a measure of spread for the pixel levels each side of the threshold, i.e. the pixels that either fall in foreground or background. The aim is to find the threshold value where the sum of foreground and background spreads is at its minimum. Edge detection is an image processing technique for finding the boundaries of objects within images. It works by detecting discontinuities in brightness. An image can have horizontal, vertical or diagonal edges. The Sobel operator is used to detect two kinds of edges in an image by making use of a derivative mask, one for the horizontal edges and one for the vertical edges. 1. Introduction Face detection is a computer technology being used in a variety of applications that identifies human faces in digital images. Face detection also refers to the psychological process by which humans locate and attend to faces in a visual scene. Face detection can be regarded as a specific case of object-class detection. In object-class detection, the task is to find the locations and sizes of all objects in an image that belong to a given class. Examples include upper torsos, pedestrians, and cars. Face-detection algorithms focus on the detection of frontal human faces. It is analogous to image detection in which the image of a person is matched bit by bit. Image matches with the image stores in database. Any facial feature changes in the database will invalidate the matching process. 2. Needs/Problems There have been widely applied many researches related to face recognition system. The system is commonly used for video surveillance, human and computer interaction, robot navigation, and etc. Along with the utilization of the system, it leads to the need for a faster system response, such as robot navigation or application for public safety. A number of classification algorithms have been applied to face recognition system, but it still has a problem in terms of computing time. In this system, computing time of the classification or feature extraction is an important thing for further concern. To improve the algorithmic efficiency of face detection, we combine the eigenface method using Haar-like features to detect both of eyes and face, and Robert cross edge detector to locate the human face position. Robert Cross uses the integral image representation and simple rectangular features to eliminate the need of expensive calculation of multi-scale image pyramid. 3. Objectives Some techniques used in this application are 1. Eigen-face technique 2. KLT Algorithm 3. Parallel for loop in openmp 4. OpenCV for face detection. 5. Further uses of the techniques
LOVISHARYX / HRV And GSR As Viable Physiological Markers For Mental Health RecognitionMental stress has become a standard part of day-to-day life. However, experiencing long-term and high-level stress affects the daily life and wellness of the person. Consequently, an individual's performance and management ability degrade significantly in critical situations. Electrocardiogram (ECG), Galvanic Skin Response (GSR), Electromyogram (EMG), Skin Temperature (ST), and Respiration are essential physiological biomarkers to quantify stress effectively. This paper aims to classify the stress level with improved performance based on GSR and ECG-derived Heart Rate Variability (HRV) features using machine and deep learning algorithms. It uses the Stress Recognition in Automobile Drivers (SRAD) dataset, which contains a collection of multiparameter recordings from 17 healthy participants who drive on a prescribed route under various pressure conditions. The work uses Pearson's Correlation, RFECV, and LightGBM feature selection methods with different classifiers to reduce redundancy between features and enhance performance. The accuracy and F1-score for stress level classifications are computed and compared using machine and deep learning algorithms. For binary classification (stress vs. non-stress), Random Forest achieves the best classification accuracy of 93.96 % which is higher than previous works. It also provides an accuracy of 81.41 % for three-class (baseline vs. medium stress vs. high stress) stress level classification.
dia2018 / What Is The Difference Between AI And Machine LearningArtificial Intelligence and Machine Learning have empowered our lives to a large extent. The number of advancements made in this space has revolutionized our society and continue making society a better place to live in. In terms of perception, both Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are often used in the same context which leads to confusion. AI is the concept in which machine makes smart decisions whereas Machine Learning is a sub-field of AI which makes decisions while learning patterns from the input data. In this blog, we would dissect each term and understand how Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are related to each other. What is Artificial Intelligence? The term Artificial Intelligence was recognized first in the year 1956 by John Mccarthy in an AI conference. In layman terms, Artificial Intelligence is about creating intelligent machines which could perform human-like actions. AI is not a modern-day phenomenon. In fact, it has been around since the advent of computers. The only thing that has changed is how we perceive AI and define its applications in the present world. The exponential growth of AI in the last decade or so has affected every sphere of our lives. Starting from a simple google search which gives the best results of a query to the creation of Siri or Alexa, one of the significant breakthroughs of the 21st century is Artificial Intelligence. The Four types of Artificial Intelligence are:- Reactive AI – This type of AI lacks historical data to perform actions, and completely reacts to a certain action taken at the moment. It works on the principle of Deep Reinforcement learning where a prize is awarded for any successful action and penalized vice versa. Google’s AlphaGo defeated experts in Go using this approach. Limited Memory – In the case of the limited memory, the past data is kept on adding to the memory. For example, in the case of selecting the best restaurant, the past locations would be taken into account and would be suggested accordingly. Theory of Mind – Such type of AI is yet to be built as it involves dealing with human emotions, and psychology. Face and gesture detection comes close but nothing advanced enough to understand human emotions. Self-Aware – This is the future advancement of AI which could configure self-representations. The machines could be conscious, and super-intelligent. Two of the most common usage of AI is in the field of Computer Vision, and Natural Language Processing. Computer Vision is the study of identifying objects such as Face Recognition, Real-time object detection, and so on. Detection of such movements could go a long way in analyzing the sentiments conveyed by a human being. Natural Language Processing, on the other hand, deals with textual data to extract insights or sentiments from it. From ChatBot Development to Speech Recognition like Amazon’s Alexa or Apple’s Siri all uses Natural Language to extract relevant meaning from the data. It is one of the widely popular fields of AI which has found its usefulness in every organization. One other application of AI which has gained popularity in recent times is the self-driving cars. It uses reinforcement learning technique to learn its best moves and identify the restrictions or blockage in front of the road. Many automobile companies are gradually adopting the concept of self-driving cars. What is Machine Learning? Machine Learning is a state-of-the-art subset of Artificial Intelligence which let machines learn from past data, and make accurate predictions. Machine Learning has been around for decades, and the first ML application that got popular was the Email Spam Filter Classification. The system is trained with a set of emails labeled as ‘spam’ and ‘not spam’ known as the training instance. Then a new set of unknown emails is fed to the trained system which then categorizes it as ‘spam’ or ‘not spam.’ All these predictions are made by a certain group of Regression, and Classification algorithms like – Linear Regression, Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, XGBoost, and so on. The usability of these algorithms varies based on the problem statement and the data set in operation. Along with these basic algorithms, a sub-field of Machine Learning which has gained immense popularity in recent times is Deep Learning. However, Deep Learning requires enormous computational power and works best with a massive amount of data. It uses neural networks whose architecture is similar to the human brain. Machine Learning could be subdivided into three categories – Supervised Learning – In supervised learning problems, both the input feature and the corresponding target variable is present in the dataset. Unsupervised Learning – The dataset is not labeled in an unsupervised learning problem i.e., only the input features are present, but not the target variable. The algorithms need to find out the separate clusters in the dataset based on certain patterns. Reinforcement Learning – In this type of problems, the learner is rewarded with a prize for every correct move, and penalized for every incorrect move. The application of Machine Learning is diversified in various domains like Banking, Healthcare, Retail, etc. One of the use cases in the banking industry is predicting the probability of credit loan default by a borrower given its past transactions, credit history, debt ratio, annual income, and so on. In Healthcare, Machine Learning is often been used to predict patient’s stay in the hospital, the likelihood of occurrence of a disease, identifying abnormal patterns in the cell, etc. Many software companies have incorporated Machine Learning in their workflow to steadfast the process of testing. Various manual, repetitive tasks are being replaced by machine learning models. Comparison Between AI and Machine Learning Machine Learning is the subset of Artificial Intelligence which has taken the advancement in AI to a whole new level. The thought behind letting the computer learn from themselves and voluminous data that are getting generated from various sources in the present world has led to the emergence of Machine Learning. In Machine Learning, the concept of neural networks plays a significant role in allowing the system to learn from themselves as well as maintaining its speed, and accuracy. The group of neural nets lets a model rectifying its prior decision and make a more accurate prediction next time. Artificial Intelligence is about acquiring knowledge and applying them to ensure success instead of accuracy. It makes the computer intelligent to make smart decisions on its own akin to the decisions made by a human being. The more complex the problem is, the better it is for AI to solve the complexity. On the other hand, Machine Learning is mostly about acquiring knowledge and maintaining better accuracy instead of success. The primary aim is to learn from the data to automate specific tasks. The possibilities around Machine Learning and Neural Networks are endless. A set of sentiments could be understood from raw text. A machine learning application could also listen to music, and even play a piece of appropriate music based on a person’s mood. NLP, a field of AI which has made some ground-breaking innovations in recent years uses Machine Learning to understand the nuances in natural language and learn to respond accordingly. Different sectors like banking, healthcare, manufacturing, etc., are reaping the benefits of Artificial Intelligence, particularly Machine Learning. Several tedious tasks are getting automated through ML which saves both time and money. Machine Learning has been sold these days consistently by marketers even before it has reached its full potential. AI could be seen as something of the old by the marketers who believe Machine Learning is the Holy Grail in the field of analytics. The future is not far when we would see human-like AI. The rapid advancement in technology has taken us closer than ever before to inevitability. The recent progress in the working AI is much down to how Machine Learning operates. Both Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning has its own business applications and its usage is completely dependent on the requirements of an organization. AI is an age-old concept with Machine Learning picking up the pace in recent times. Companies like TCS, Infosys are yet to unleash the full potential of Machine Learning and trying to incorporate ML in their applications to keep pace with the rapidly growing Analytics space. Conclusion The hype around Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning are such that various companies and even individuals want to master the skills without even knowing the difference between the two. Often both the terms are misused in the same context. To master Machine Learning, one needs to have a natural intuition about the data, ask the right questions, and find out the correct algorithms to use to build a model. It often doesn’t requiem how computational capacity. On the other hand, AI is about building intelligent systems which require advanced tools and techniques and often used in big companies like Google, Facebook, etc. There is a whole host of resources to master Machine Learning and AI. The Data Science blogs of Dimensionless is a good place to start with. Also, There are Online Data Science Courses which cover the various nitty gritty of Machine Learning.
PeizhiShi / SsdNetIntersecting machining feature localisation and recognition via single shot multibox detector
aideep1400 / Cattely Cattle Face Images DatasetA sample of front profile images of 50 cattle, with 50 images per cattle, facilitating research in cattle facial recognition, breed classification, and machine learning algorithms for cattle facial feature analysis
swatijha2496 / FACE RECOGNITION USING OPENCV IN PYTHONFace is most commonly used biometric to recognize people. Face recognition has received substantial attention from researchers due to human activities found in various applications of security like airport, criminal detection, face tracking, forensic etc. Compared to other biometric traits like palm print, Iris, finger print etc., face biometrics can be non-intrusive. They can be taken even without user’s knowledge and further can be used for security based applications like criminal detection, face tracking, airport security, and forensic surveillance systems. Face recognition involves capturing face image from a video or from a surveillance camera. They are compared with the stored database. Face biometrics involves training known images, classify them with known classes and then they are stored in the database. When a test image is given to the system it is classified and compared with stored database. Face biometrics is a challenging field of research with various limitations imposed for a machine face recognition like variations in head pose, change in illumination, facial expression, aging, occlusion due to accessories etc.,. Various approaches were suggested by researchers in overcoming the limitations stated. 72 Automatic face recognition involves face detection, feature extraction and face recognition. Face recognition algorithms are broadly classified into two classes as image template based and geometric feature based. The template based methods compute correlation between face and one or more model templates to find the face identity. Principal component analysis, linear discriminate analysis, kernel methods etc. are used to construct face templates. The geometric feature based methods are used to analyze explicit local features and their geometric relations (elastic bung graph method). Multi resolution tools such as contour lets, ridge lets were found to be useful for analyzing information content of images and found its application in image processing, pattern recognition, and computer vision. Curvelets transform is used for texture classification and image de-noising. Application of Curvelets transform for feature extraction in image processing is still under research.
Rahulanand0953 / Traffic Sign And Signal Detection Using CNNTraffic sign and signal recognition (TSSR) represents an important feature of advanced driver assistance systems, contributing to the safety of the drivers, pedestrians and vehicles as well. Developing TSSR systems requires the use of computer vision techniques, which could be considered fundamental in the field of pattern recognition in general. Despite all the previous works and research that has been achieved, traffic sign detection and recognition still remain a very challenging problem, precisely if we want to provide a real time processing solution. We propose an approach for traffic sign and light detection based on Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN). We first transform the original image into the gray scale image by using support vector machines, then use convolutional neural networks with fixed and learnable layers for detection and recognition. The fixed layer can reduce the amount of interest areas to detect, and crop the boundaries very close to the borders of traffic signs. The learnable layers can increase the accuracy of detection significantly.
DevanshuSave / DeCAPTCHACAPTCHA solver | Machine Learning | Neural Networks | Image Processing | Feature Extraction | Optical Character Recognition | MATLAB
