63 skills found · Page 1 of 3
AnswerDotAI / RAGatouilleEasily use and train state of the art late-interaction retrieval methods (ColBERT) in any RAG pipeline. Designed for modularity and ease-of-use, backed by research.
superlinear-ai / Raglite🥤 RAGLite is a Python toolkit for Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) with DuckDB or PostgreSQL
lightonai / PylateLate Interaction Models Training & Retrieval
AnswerDotAI / ByaldiUse late-interaction multi-modal models such as ColPali in just a few lines of code.
jettbrains / L W3C Strategic Highlights September 2019 This report was prepared for the September 2019 W3C Advisory Committee Meeting (W3C Member link). See the accompanying W3C Fact Sheet — September 2019. For the previous edition, see the April 2019 W3C Strategic Highlights. For future editions of this report, please consult the latest version. A Chinese translation is available. ☰ Contents Introduction Future Web Standards Meeting Industry Needs Web Payments Digital Publishing Media and Entertainment Web & Telecommunications Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) Web & Networks Automotive Web of Things Strengthening the Core of the Web HTML CSS Fonts SVG Audio Performance Web Performance WebAssembly Testing Browser Testing and Tools WebPlatform Tests Web of Data Web for All Security, Privacy, Identity Internationalization (i18n) Web Accessibility Outreach to the world W3C Developer Relations W3C Training Translations W3C Liaisons Introduction This report highlights recent work of enhancement of the existing landscape of the Web platform and innovation for the growth and strength of the Web. 33 working groups and a dozen interest groups enable W3C to pursue its mission through the creation of Web standards, guidelines, and supporting materials. We track the tremendous work done across the Consortium through homogeneous work-spaces in Github which enables better monitoring and management. We are in the middle of a period where we are chartering numerous working groups which demonstrate the rapid degree of change for the Web platform: After 4 years, we are nearly ready to publish a Payment Request API Proposed Recommendation and we need to soon charter follow-on work. In the last year we chartered the Web Payment Security Interest Group. In the last year we chartered the Web Media Working Group with 7 specifications for next generation Media support on the Web. We have Accessibility Guidelines under W3C Member review which includes Silver, a new approach. We have just launched the Decentralized Identifier Working Group which has tremendous potential because Decentralized Identifier (DID) is an identifier that is globally unique, resolveable with high availability, and cryptographically verifiable. We have Privacy IG (PING) under W3C Member review which strengthens our focus on the tradeoff between privacy and function. We have a new CSS charter under W3C Member review which maps the group's work for the next three years. In this period, W3C and the WHATWG have succesfully completed the negotiation of a Memorandum of Understanding rooted in the mutual belief that that having two distinct specifications claiming to be normative is generally harmful for the Web community. The MOU, signed last May, describes how the two organizations are to collaborate on the development of a single authoritative version of the HTML and DOM specifications. W3C subsequently rechartered the HTML Working Group to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions for the HTML and DOM specifications, and for the production of W3C Recommendations from WHATWG Review Drafts. As the Web evolves continuously, some groups are looking for ways for specifications to do so as well. So-called "evergreen recommendations" or "living standards" aim to track continuous development (and maintenance) of features, on a feature-by-feature basis, while getting review and patent commitments. We see the maturation and further development of an incredible number of new technologies coming to the Web. Continued progress in many areas demonstrates the vitality of the W3C and the Web community, as the rest of the report illustrates. Future Web Standards W3C has a variety of mechanisms for listening to what the community thinks could become good future Web standards. These include discussions with the Membership, discussions with other standards bodies, the activities of thousands of participants in over 300 community groups, and W3C Workshops. There are lots of good ideas. The W3C strategy team has been identifying promising topics and invites public participation. Future, recent and under consideration Workshops include: Inclusive XR (5-6 November 2019, Seattle, WA, USA) to explore existing and future approaches on making Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences more inclusive, including to people with disabilities; W3C Workshop on Data Models for Transportation (12-13 September 2019, Palo Alto, CA, USA) W3C Workshop on Web Games (27-28 June 2019, Redmond, WA, USA), view report Second W3C Workshop on the Web of Things (3-5 June 2019, Munich, Germany) W3C Workshop on Web Standardization for Graph Data; Creating Bridges: RDF, Property Graph and SQL (4-6 March 2019, Berlin, Germany), view report Web & Machine Learning. The Strategy Funnel documents the staff's exploration of potential new work at various phases: Exploration and Investigation, Incubation and Evaluation, and eventually to the chartering of a new standards group. The Funnel view is a GitHub Project where new area are issues represented by “cards” which move through the columns, usually from left to right. Most cards start in Exploration and move towards Chartering, or move out of the funnel. Public input is welcome at any stage but particularly once Incubation has begun. This helps W3C identify work that is sufficiently incubated to warrant standardization, to review the ecosystem around the work and indicate interest in participating in its standardization, and then to draft a charter that reflects an appropriate scope. Ongoing feedback can speed up the overall standardization process. Since the previous highlights document, W3C has chartered a number of groups, and started discussion on many more: Newly Chartered or Rechartered Web Application Security WG (03-Apr) Web Payment Security IG (17-Apr) Patent and Standards IG (24-Apr) Web Applications WG (14-May) Web & Networks IG (16-May) Media WG (23-May) Media and Entertainment IG (06-Jun) HTML WG (06-Jun) Decentralized Identifier WG (05-Sep) Extended Privacy IG (PING) (30-Sep) Verifiable Claims WG (30-Sep) Service Workers WG (31-Dec) Dataset Exchange WG (31-Dec) Web of Things Working Group (31-Dec) Web Audio Working Group (31-Dec) Proposed charters / Advance Notice Accessibility Guidelines WG Privacy IG (PING) RDF Literal Direction WG Timed Text WG CSS WG Web Authentication WG Closed Internationalization Tag Set IG Meeting Industry Needs Web Payments All Web Payments specifications W3C's payments standards enable a streamlined checkout experience, enabling a consistent user experience across the Web with lower front end development costs for merchants. Users can store and reuse information and more quickly and accurately complete online transactions. The Web Payments Working Group has republished Payment Request API as a Candidate Recommendation, aiming to publish a Proposed Recommendation in the Fall 2019, and is discussing use cases and features for Payment Request after publication of the 1.0 Recommendation. Browser vendors have been finalizing implementation of features added in the past year (view the implementation report). As work continues on the Payment Handler API and its implementation (currently in Chrome and Edge Canary), one focus in 2019 is to increase adoption in other browsers. Recently, Mastercard demonstrated the use of Payment Request API to carry out EMVCo's Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) protocol whose payment method definition is being developed with active participation by Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover. Payment method availability is a key factor in merchant considerations about adopting Payment Request API. The ability to get uniform adoption of a new payment method such as Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) also depends on the availability of the Payment Handler API in browsers, or of proprietary alternatives. Web Monetization, which the Web Payments Working Group will discuss again at its face-to-face meeting in September, can be used to enable micropayments as an alternative revenue stream to advertising. Since the beginning of 2019, Amazon, Brave Software, JCB, Certus Cybersecurity Solutions and Netflix have joined the Web Payments Working Group. In April, W3C launched the Web Payment Security Group to enable W3C, EMVCo, and the FIDO Alliance to collaborate on a vision for Web payment security and interoperability. Participants will define areas of collaboration and identify gaps between existing technical specifications in order to increase compatibility among different technologies, such as: How do SRC, FIDO, and Payment Request relate? The Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) regulations in Europe are scheduled to take effect in September 2019. What is the role of EMVCo, W3C, and FIDO technologies, and what is the current state of readiness for the deadline? How can we improve privacy on the Web at the same time as we meet industry requirements regarding user identity? Digital Publishing All Digital Publishing specifications, Publication milestones The Web is the universal publishing platform. Publishing is increasingly impacted by the Web, and the Web increasingly impacts Publishing. Topic of particular interest to Publishing@W3C include typography and layout, accessibility, usability, portability, distribution, archiving, offline access, print on demand, and reliable cross referencing. And the diverse publishing community represented in the groups consist of the traditional "trade" publishers, ebook reading system manufacturers, but also publishers of audio book, scholarly journals or educational materials, library scientists or browser developers. The Publishing Working Group currently concentrates on Audiobooks which lack a comprehensive standard, thus incurring extra costs and time to publish in this booming market. Active development is ongoing on the future standard: Publication Manifest Audiobook profile for Web Publications Lightweight Packaging Format The BD Comics Manga Community Group, the Synchronized Multimedia for Publications Community Group, the Publishing Community Group and a future group on archival, are companions to the working group where specific work is developed and incubated. The Publishing Community Group is a recently launched incubation channel for Publishing@W3C. The goal of the group is to propose, document, and prototype features broadly related to: publications on the Web reading modes and systems and the user experience of publications The EPUB 3 Community Group has successfully completed the revision of EPUB 3.2. The Publishing Business Group fosters ongoing participation by members of the publishing industry and the overall ecosystem in the development of Web infrastructure to better support the needs of the industry. The Business Group serves as an additional conduit to the Publishing Working Group and several Community Groups for feedback between the publishing ecosystem and W3C. The Publishing BG has played a vital role in fostering and advancing the adoption and continued development of EPUB 3. In particular the BG provided critical support to the update of EPUBCheck to validate EPUB content to the new EPUB 3.2 specification. This resulted in the development, in conjunction with the EPUB3 Community Group, of a new generation of EPUBCheck, i.e., EPUBCheck 4.2 production-ready release. Media and Entertainment All Media specifications The Media and Entertainment vertical tracks media-related topics and features that create immersive experiences for end users. HTML5 brought standard audio and video elements to the Web. Standardization activities since then have aimed at turning the Web into a professional platform fully suitable for the delivery of media content and associated materials, enabling missing features to stream video content on the Web such as adaptive streaming and content protection. Together with Microsoft, Comcast, Netflix and Google, W3C received an Technology & Engineering Emmy Award in April 2019 for standardization of a full TV experience on the Web. Current goals are to: Reinforce core media technologies: Creation of the Media Working Group, to develop media-related specifications incubated in the WICG (e.g. Media Capabilities, Picture-in-picture, Media Session) and maintain maintain/evolve Media Source Extensions (MSE) and Encrypted Media Extensions (EME). Improve support for Media Timed Events: data cues incubation. Enhance color support (HDR, wide gamut), in scope of the CSS WG and in the Color on the Web CG. Reduce fragmentation: Continue annual releases of a common and testable baseline media devices, in scope of the Web Media APIs CG and in collaboration with the CTA WAVE Project. Maintain the Road-map of Media Technologies for the Web which highlights Web technologies that can be used to build media applications and services, as well as known gaps to enable additional use cases. Create the future: Discuss perspectives for Media and Entertainment for the Web. Bring the power of GPUs to the Web (graphics, machine learning, heavy processing), under incubation in the GPU for the Web CG. Transition to a Working Group is under discussion. Determine next steps after the successful W3C Workshop on Web Games of June 2019. View the report. Timed Text The Timed Text Working Group develops and maintains formats used for the representation of text synchronized with other timed media, like audio and video, and notably works on TTML, profiles of TTML, and WebVTT. Recent progress includes: A robust WebVTT implementation report poises the specification for publication as a proposed recommendation. Discussions around re-chartering, notably to add a TTML Profile for Audio Description deliverable to the scope of the group, and clarify that rendering of captions within XR content is also in scope. Immersive Web Hardware that enables Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications are now broadly available to consumers, offering an immersive computing platform with both new opportunities and challenges. The ability to interact directly with immersive hardware is critical to ensuring that the web is well equipped to operate as a first-class citizen in this environment. The Immersive Web Working Group has been stabilizing the WebXR Device API while the companion Immersive Web Community Group incubates the next series of features identified as key for the future of the Immersive Web. W3C plans a workshop focused on the needs and benefits at the intersection of VR & Accessibility (Inclusive XR), on 5-6 November 2019 in Seattle, WA, USA, to explore existing and future approaches on making Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences more inclusive. Web & Telecommunications The Web is the Open Platform for Mobile. Telecommunication service providers and network equipment providers have long been critical actors in the deployment of Web technologies. As the Web platform matures, it brings richer and richer capabilities to extend existing services to new users and devices, and propose new and innovative services. Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) All Real-Time Communications specifications WebRTC has reshaped the whole communication landscape by making any connected device a potential communication end-point, bringing audio and video communications anywhere, on any network, vastly expanding the ability of operators to reach their customers. WebRTC serves as the corner-stone of many online communication and collaboration services. The WebRTC Working Group aims to bringing WebRTC 1.0 (and companion specification Media Capture and Streams) to Recommendation by the end of 2019. Intense efforts are focused on testing (supported by a dedicated hackathon at IETF 104) and interoperability. The group is considering pushing features that have not gotten enough traction to separate modules or to a later minor revision of the spec. Beyond WebRTC 1.0, the WebRTC Working Group will focus its efforts on WebRTC NV which the group has started documenting by identifying use cases. Web & Networks Recently launched, in the wake of the May 2018 Web5G workshop, the Web & Networks Interest Group is chaired by representatives from AT&T, China Mobile and Intel, with a goal to explore solutions for web applications to achieve better performance and resource allocation, both on the device and network. The group's first efforts are around use cases, privacy & security requirements and liaisons. Automotive All Automotive specifications To create a rich application ecosystem for vehicles and other devices allowed to connect to the vehicle, the W3C Automotive Working Group is delivering a service specification to expose all common vehicle signals (engine temperature, fuel/charge level, range, tire pressure, speed, etc.) The Vehicle Information Service Specification (VISS), which is a Candidate Recommendation, is seeing more implementations across the industry. It provides the access method to a common data model for all the vehicle signals –presently encapsulating a thousand or so different data elements– and will be growing to accommodate the advances in automotive such as autonomous and driver assist technologies and electrification. The group is already working on a successor to VISS, leveraging the underlying data model and the VIWI submission from Volkswagen, for a more robust means of accessing vehicle signals information and the same paradigm for other automotive needs including location-based services, media, notifications and caching content. The Automotive and Web Platform Business Group acts as an incubator for prospective standards work. One of its task forces is using W3C VISS in performing data sampling and off-boarding the information to the cloud. Access to the wealth of information that W3C's auto signals standard exposes is of interest to regulators, urban planners, insurance companies, auto manufacturers, fleet managers and owners, service providers and others. In addition to components needed for data sampling and edge computing, capturing user and owner consent, information collection methods and handling of data are in scope. The upcoming W3C Workshop on Data Models for Transportation (September 2019) is expected to focus on the need of additional ontologies around transportation space. Web of Things All Web of Things specifications W3C's Web of Things work is designed to bridge disparate technology stacks to allow devices to work together and achieve scale, thus enabling the potential of the Internet of Things by eliminating fragmentation and fostering interoperability. Thing descriptions expressed in JSON-LD cover the behavior, interaction affordances, data schema, security configuration, and protocol bindings. The Web of Things complements existing IoT ecosystems to reduce the cost and risk for suppliers and consumers of applications that create value by combining multiple devices and information services. There are many sectors that will benefit, e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart industry, smart agriculture, smart healthcare and many more. The Web of Things Working Group is finishing the initial Web of Things standards, with support from the Web of Things Interest Group: Web of Things Architecture Thing Descriptions Strengthening the Core of the Web HTML The HTML Working Group was chartered early June to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions for the HTML and DOM specifications, and to produce W3C Recommendations from WHATWG Review Drafts. A few days before, W3C and the WHATWG signed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining the agreement to collaborate on the development of a single version of the HTML and DOM specifications. Issues and proposed solutions for HTML and DOM done via the newly rechartered HTML Working Group in the WHATWG repositories The HTML Working Group is targetting November 2019 to bring HTML and DOM to Candidate Recommendations. CSS All CSS specifications CSS is a critical part of the Open Web Platform. The CSS Working Group gathers requirements from two large groups of CSS users: the publishing industry and application developers. Within W3C, those groups are exemplified by the Publishing groups and the Web Platform Working Group. The former requires things like better pagination support and advanced font handling, the latter needs intelligent (and fast!) scrolling and animations. What we know as CSS is actually a collection of almost a hundred specifications, referred to as ‘modules’. The current state of CSS is defined by a snapshot, updated once a year. The group also publishes an index defining every term defined by CSS specifications. Fonts All Fonts specifications The Web Fonts Working Group develops specifications that allow the interoperable deployment of downloadable fonts on the Web, with a focus on Progressive Font Enrichment as well as maintenance of WOFF Recommendations. Recent and ongoing work includes: Early API experiments by Adobe and Monotype have demonstrated the feasibility of a font enrichment API, where a server delivers a font with minimal glyph repertoire and the client can query the full repertoire and request additional subsets on-the-fly. In other experiments, the Brotli compression used in WOFF 2 was extended to support shared dictionaries and patch update. Metrics to quantify improvement are a current hot discussion topic. The group will meet at ATypi 2019 in Japan, to gather requirements from the international typography community. The group will first produce a report summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each prototype solution by Q2 2020. SVG All SVG specifications SVG is an important and widely-used part of the Open Web Platform. The SVG Working Group focuses on aligning the SVG 2.0 specification with browser implementations, having split the specification into a currently-implemented 2.0 and a forward-looking 2.1. Current activity is on stabilization, increased integration with the Open Web Platform, and test coverage analysis. The Working Group was rechartered in March 2019. A new work item concerns native (non-Web-browser) uses of SVG as a non-interactive, vector graphics format. Audio The Web Audio Working Group was extended to finish its work on the Web Audio API, expecting to publish it as a Recommendation by year end. The specification enables synthesizing audio in the browser. Audio operations are performed with audio nodes, which are linked together to form a modular audio routing graph. Multiple sources — with different types of channel layout — are supported. This modular design provides the flexibility to create complex audio functions with dynamic effects. The first version of Web Audio API is now feature complete and is implemented in all modern browsers. Work has started on the next version, and new features are being incubated in the Audio Community Group. Performance Web Performance All Web Performance specifications There are currently 18 specifications in development in the Web Performance Working Group aiming to provide methods to observe and improve aspects of application performance of user agent features and APIs. The W3C team is looking at related work incubated in the W3C GPU for the Web (WebGPU) Community Group which is poised to transition to a W3C Working Group. A preliminary draft charter is available. WebAssembly All WebAssembly specifications WebAssembly improves Web performance and power by being a virtual machine and execution environment enabling loaded pages to run native (compiled) code. It is deployed in Firefox, Edge, Safari and Chrome. The specification will soon reach Candidate Recommendation. WebAssembly enables near-native performance, optimized load time, and perhaps most importantly, a compilation target for existing code bases. While it has a small number of native types, much of the performance increase relative to Javascript derives from its use of consistent typing. WebAssembly leverages decades of optimization for compiled languages and the byte code is optimized for compactness and streaming (the web page starts executing while the rest of the code downloads). Network and API access all occurs through accompanying Javascript libraries -- the security model is identical to that of Javascript. Requirements gathering and language development occur in the Community Group while the Working Group manages test development, community review and progression of specifications on the Recommendation Track. Testing Browser testing plays a critical role in the growth of the Web by: Improving the reliability of Web technology definitions; Improving the quality of implementations of these technologies by helping vendors to detect bugs in their products; Improving the data available to Web developers on known bugs and deficiencies of Web technologies by publishing results of these tests. Browser Testing and Tools The Browser Testing and Tools Working Group is developing WebDriver version 2, having published last year the W3C Recommendation of WebDriver. WebDriver acts as a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents, provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of Web, and emulates the actions of a real person using the browser. WebPlatform Tests The WebPlatform Tests project now provides a mechanism which allows to fully automate tests that previously needed to be run manually: TestDriver. TestDriver enables sending trusted key and mouse events, sending complex series of trusted pointer and key interactions for things like in-content drag-and-drop or pinch zoom, and even file upload. Since 2014 W3C began work on this coordinated open-source effort to build a cross-browser test suite for the Web Platform, which WHATWG, and all major browsers adopted. Web of Data All Data specifications There have been several great success stories around the standardization of data on the web over the past year. Verifiable Claims seems to have significant uptake. It is also significant that the Distributed Identifier WG charter has received numerous favorable reviews, and was just recently launched. JSON-LD has been a major success with the large deployment on Web sites via schema.org. JSON-LD 1.1 completed technical work, about to transition to CR More than 25% of websites today include schema.org data in JSON-LD The Web of Things description is in CR since May, making use of JSON-LD Verifiable Credentials data model is in CR since July, also making use of JSON-LD Continued strong interest in decentralized identifiers Engagement from the TAG with reframing core documents, such as Ethical Web Principles, to include data on the web within their scope Data is increasingly important for all organizations, especially with the rise of IoT and Big Data. W3C has a mature and extensive suite of standards relating to data that were developed over two decades of experience, with plans for further work on making it easier for developers to work with graph data and knowledge graphs. Linked Data is about the use of URIs as names for things, the ability to dereference these URIs to get further information and to include links to other data. There are ever-increasing sources of open Linked Data on the Web, as well as data services that are restricted to the suppliers and consumers of those services. The digital transformation of industry is seeking to exploit advanced digital technologies. This will facilitate businesses to integrate horizontally along the supply and value chains, and vertically from the factory floor to the office floor. W3C is seeking to make it easier to support enterprise-wide data management and governance, reflecting the strategic importance of data to modern businesses. Traditional approaches to data have focused on tabular databases (SQL/RDBMS), Comma Separated Value (CSV) files, and data embedded in PDF documents and spreadsheets. We're now in midst of a major shift to graph data with nodes and labeled directed links between them. Graph data is: Faster than using SQL and associated JOIN operations More favorable to integrating data from heterogeneous sources Better suited to situations where the data model is evolving In the wake of the recent W3C Workshop on Graph Data we are in the process of launching a Graph Standardization Business Group to provide a business perspective with use cases and requirements, to coordinate technical standards work and liaisons with external organizations. Web for All Security, Privacy, Identity All Security specifications, all Privacy specifications Authentication on the Web As the WebAuthn Level 1 W3C Recommendation published last March is seeing wide implementation and adoption of strong cryptographic authentication, work is proceeding on Level 2. The open standard Web API gives native authentication technology built into native platforms, browsers, operating systems (including mobile) and hardware, offering protection against hacking, credential theft, phishing attacks, thus aiming to end the era of passwords as a security construct. You may read more in our March press release. Privacy An increasing number of W3C specifications are benefitting from Privacy and Security review; there are security and privacy aspects to every specification. Early review is essential. Working with the TAG, the Privacy Interest Group has updated the Self-Review Questionnaire: Security and Privacy. Other recent work of the group includes public blogging further to the exploration of anti-patterns in standards and permission prompts. Security The Web Application Security Working Group adopted Feature Policy, aiming to allow developers to selectively enable, disable, or modify the behavior of some of these browser features and APIs within their application; and Fetch Metadata, aiming to provide servers with enough information to make a priori decisions about whether or not to service a request based on the way it was made, and the context in which it will be used. The Web Payment Security Interest Group, launched last April, convenes members from W3C, EMVCo, and the FIDO Alliance to discuss cooperative work to enhance the security and interoperability of Web payments (read more about payments). Internationalization (i18n) All Internationalization specifications, educational articles related to Internationalization, spec developers checklist Only a quarter or so current Web users use English online and that proportion will continue to decrease as the Web reaches more and more communities of limited English proficiency. If the Web is to live up to the "World Wide" portion of its name, and for the Web to truly work for stakeholders all around the world engaging with content in various languages, it must support the needs of worldwide users as they engage with content in the various languages. The growth of epublishing also brings requirements for new features and improved typography on the Web. It is important to ensure the needs of local communities are captured. The W3C Internationalization Initiative was set up to increase in-house resources dedicated to accelerating progress in making the World Wide Web "worldwide" by gathering user requirements, supporting developers, and education & outreach. For an overview of current projects see the i18n radar. W3C's Internationalization efforts progressed on a number of fronts recently: Requirements: New African and European language groups will work on the gap analysis, errata and layout requirements. Gap analysis: Japanese, Devanagari, Bengali, Tamil, Lao, Khmer, Javanese, and Ethiopic updated in the gap-analysis documents. Layout requirements document: notable progress tracked in the Southeast Asian Task Force while work continues on Chinese layout requirements. Developer support: Spec reviews: the i18n WG continues active review of specifications of the WHATWG and other W3C Working Groups. Short review checklist: easy way to begin a self-review to help spec developers understand what aspects of their spec are likely to need attention for internationalization, and points them to more detailed checklists for the relevant topics. It also helps those reviewing specs for i18n issues. Strings on the Web: Language and Direction Metadata lays out issues and discusses potential solutions for passing information about language and direction with strings in JSON or other data formats. The document was rewritten for clarity, and expanded. The group is collaborating with the JSON-LD and Web Publishing groups to develop a plan for updating RDF, JSON-LD and related specifications to handle metadata for base direction of text (bidi). User-friendly test format: a new format was developed for Internationalization Test Suite tests, which displays helpful information about how the test works. This particularly useful because those tests are pointed to by educational materials and gap-analysis documents. Web Platform Tests: a large number of tests in the i18n test suite have been ported to the WPT repository, including: css-counter-styles, css-ruby, css-syntax, css-test, css-text-decor, css-writing-modes, and css-pseudo. Education & outreach: (for all educational materials, see the HTML & CSS Authoring Techniques) Web Accessibility All Accessibility specifications, WAI resources The Web Accessibility Initiative supports W3C's Web for All mission. Recent achievements include: Education and training: Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA updated to bring our analysis and recommendations up to date with CAPTCHA practice today, concluding two years of extensive work and invaluable input from the public (read more on the W3C Blog Learn why your web content and applications should be accessible. The Education and Outreach Working Group has completed revision and updating of the Business Case for Digital Accessibility. Accessibility guidelines: The Accessibility Guidelines Working Group has continued to update WCAG Techniques and Understanding WCAG 2.1; and published a Candidate Recommendation of Accessibility Conformance Testing Rules Format 1.0 to improve inter-rater reliability when evaluating conformance of web content to WCAG An updated charter is being developed to host work on "Silver", the next generation accessibility guidelines (WCAG 2.2) There are accessibility aspects to most specifications. Check your work with the FAST checklist. Outreach to the world W3C Developer Relations To foster the excellent feedback loop between Web Standards development and Web developers, and to grow participation from that diverse community, recent W3C Developer Relations activities include: @w3cdevs tracks the enormous amount of work happening across W3C W3C Track during the Web Conference 2019 in San Francisco Tech videos: W3C published the 2019 Web Games Workshop videos The 16 September 2019 Developer Meetup in Fukuoka, Japan, is open to all and will combine a set of technical demos prepared by W3C groups, and a series of talks on a selected set of W3C technologies and projects W3C is involved with Mozilla, Google, Samsung, Microsoft and Bocoup in the organization of ViewSource 2019 in Amsterdam (read more on the W3C Blog) W3C Training In partnership with EdX, W3C's MOOC training program, W3Cx offers a complete "Front-End Web Developer" (FEWD) professional certificate program that consists of a suite of five courses on the foundational languages that power the Web: HTML5, CSS and JavaScript. We count nearly 900K students from all over the world. Translations Many Web users rely on translations of documents developed at W3C whose official language is English. W3C is extremely grateful to the continuous efforts of its community in ensuring our various deliverables in general, and in our specifications in particular, are made available in other languages, for free, ensuring their exposure to a much more diverse set of readers. Last Spring we developed a more robust system, a new listing of translations of W3C specifications and updated the instructions on how to contribute to our translation efforts. W3C Liaisons Liaisons and coordination with numerous organizations and Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) is crucial for W3C to: make sure standards are interoperable coordinate our respective agenda in Internet governance: W3C participates in ICANN, GIPO, IGF, the I* organizations (ICANN, IETF, ISOC, IAB). ensure at the government liaison level that our standards work is officially recognized when important to our membership so that products based on them (often done by our members) are part of procurement orders. W3C has ARO/PAS status with ISO. W3C participates in the EU MSP and Rolling Plan on Standardization ensure the global set of Web and Internet standards form a compatible stack of technologies, at the technical and policy level (patent regime, fragmentation, use in policy making) promote Standards adoption equally by the industry, the public sector, and the public at large Coralie Mercier, Editor, W3C Marketing & Communications $Id: Overview.html,v 1.60 2019/10/15 12:05:52 coralie Exp $ Copyright © 2019 W3C ® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang) Usage policies apply.
LinWeizheDragon / FLMRThe huggingface implementation of Fine-grained Late-interaction Multi-modal Retriever.
athrael-soju / Snappy🐊 Snappy's unique approach unifies vision-language late interaction with structured OCR for region-level knowledge retrieval. Like the project? Drop a star! ⭐
topk-io / TopkHigh-quality search for AI-native applications.
lightonai / Pylate RsPyLate efficient inference engine
BIGBALLON / BeyondCLIPNot a neutral survey — a field manual for engineers who build, train, and ship multimodal retrieval at production scale. The C-L-I triangle (Compression · Localization · Instruction), MLLM encoders vs late interaction, MUVERA economics, and falsifiable forecasts through 2030.
TusKANNy / Awesome Multivector RetrievalAn extensive and commented list of resources on Late-Interaction Multivector Retrieval.
bermufine / Dcmp{"categories":[{"name":"Movies","videos":[{"description":"La Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise est créée en 1945. Elle prend le nom de « Office zaïrois de radiodiffusion et de télévision (OZRT) » à l'époque du Zaïre de 1971 à 1997, elle était d'ailleurs la seule agence zaïroise à diffuser sur les ondes hertziennes depuis la loi de 1972. Elle a pris son nom actuel le 17 mai 1997, à la suite de l'arrivée au pouvoir d'AFDL, le parti de Laurent-Désiré Kabila.","sources":["http://178.33.237.146/rtnc1.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Radio Télévision Nationale Congolaise","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNDU0Njk2MjZf/RTNC.jpegg","title":"RTNC"},{"description":"Tele Congo est une chaine nationale du congo brazza en diffusant des emissions, informations, sports, theatres, musique et autres....","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/rtnc/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODYwMjFf/telecongo.jpg","title":"TELE CONGO TV / BRAZZAVILLE"},{"description":"Bein Sports 1 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/bein1/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODU4MzBf/beinone.png","title":"BEIN SPORT 1 / SPORTS"},{"description":"Bein Sport 2 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/bein2/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODU4MThf/beintwo.png","title":"BEIN SPORT 2 / SPORTS"},{"description":"Bein Sport 3 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/bein3/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODU4MDZf/beintree.png","title":"BEIN SPORTS 3 / SPORTS"},{"description":"La Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise est créée en 1945. Elle prend le nom de « Office zaïrois de radiodiffusion et de télévision (OZRT) » à l'époque du Zaïre de 1971 à 1997, elle était d'ailleurs la seule agence zaïroise à diffuser sur les ondes hertziennes depuis la loi de 1972. Elle a pris son nom actuel le 17 mai 1997, à la suite de l'arrivée au pouvoir d'AFDL, le parti de Laurent-Désiré Kabila.","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/rtnc/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Radio Télévision Nationale Congolaise","https://od.lk/s/M18yNDU0Nzc4NDZf/rtnc3.png","title":"RTNC 1 / RDC (lien2)"},{"description":"Canal Plus Sports 1 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/cpsport/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODczMzhf/canalsport.png","title":"CANAL + 1 / SPORTS"},{"description":"Canal Plus Sports 2 est une chaine televisee sportives.","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/cplus/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODczMzlf/canalsporttwoo.jpg","title":"CANAL + 2 / SPORTS"},{"description":"RMC 1 est une chaine televisee sportuive","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/rmc1/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODc2MjBf/rmcone.png","title":"RMC 1 / SPORTS"},{"description":"RMC 2 est une chaine televisee sportuive","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/rmc2/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODc2MzVf/rmctwo.png","title":"RMC 2 / SPORTS"},{"description":"RMC 3 est une chaine televisee sportuive","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/rmc3/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODc2NDVf/rmctree.png","title":"RMC 3 / SPORTS"},{"description":"RMC 4 est une chaine televisee sportuive","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/rmc4/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODc2NTFf/rmcfour.png","title":"RMC 4 / SPORTS"},{"description":"EuroSports 1 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/eurosport2/playlist.m3u"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODgxOTlf/eurone.png","title":"EUROSPORTS 1 / SPORTS"},{"description":"EuroSports 2 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/eurosport1/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODgxNTdf/eurotwo.jpg","title":"EUROSPORTS 2 / SPORTS"},{"description":"EuroSports 3 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["http://stream.tvtap.live:8081/live/eurosport1.stream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODgxODJf/eurotree.jpg","title":"EUROSPORTS 3 / SPORTS"},{"description":"EuroSports 4 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["http://stream.tvtap.live:8081/live/es-eurosport2.stream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODgxMzJf/eurofour.png","title":"EUROSPORTS 4 / SPORTS"},{"description":"L'Equipe est une chaine televisee sportives emettant en France","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/equipe/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODg0ODhf/equipe.png","title":"L'EQUIPE TV / SPORTS"},{"description":"Sky Sport est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["http://stream.tvtap.live:8081/live/skysports-premier-league.stream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODg2MjNf/skysport.jpg","title":"SKY SPORTS / SPORTS"},{"description":"Azam Sports 1 Tanzanie est l'une des chaines privées que l'on retrouve en tanzanie, possédant des émissions Sportives variées","sources":["https://1446000130.rsc.cdn77.org/1446000130/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNDg1NzQwMjJf/azam.jpg","title":"AZAM SPORTS / TANZANIA"},{"description":"ADSPORTS 1 est une chaine televisee sportives emettant a Dubai","sources":["http://admdn1.cdn.mangomolo.com/adsports1/smil:adsports1.stream.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODg4OTlf/adone.jpg","title":"ADSPORTS 1 / SPORTS"},{"description":"ADSPORTS 2 est une chaine televisee sportives emettant a Dubai","sources":["http://admdn5.cdn.mangomolo.com/adsports2/smil:adsports2.stream.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODg5MjFf/adtwo.jpg","title":"ADSPORTS 2 / SPORTS"},{"description":"ADSPORTS 3 est une chaine televisee sportives emettant a Dubai","sources":["http://admdn3.cdn.mangomolo.com/adsports3/smil:adsports3.stream.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODg5NTBf/adtree.jpg","title":"ADSPORTS 3 / SPORTS"},{"description":"MAV TV est une chaine televisee sportives emettant a Dubai","sources":["https://mavtv-mavtvglobal-1-gb.samsung.wurl.com/manifest/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODkzNTZf/mavtv.png","title":"MAV TV / SPORTS"},{"description":"NollyWood TV est une chaine televisee qui diffuse que des film et series Africains surtout beaucoup plus nigerians","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/nollywoodfr/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODk3MDhf/nollywood.jpg","title":"NOLLYWOOD TV / NOVELAS"},{"description":"AfricaWood TV est une chaine televisee qui diffuse que des film et series Africains surtout beaucoup plus nigerians","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/africawood/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNDg1Nzc2ODJf/vision4.jpg","title":"AFRICAWOOD TV / NOVELAS"},{"description":"NOVELAS TV 1 est une chaine televisee qui diffuse que des series mexicaines, bresiliens, phillipinesn et autres....","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/novelas/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxOTAwMDFf/novelasone.jpg","title":"NOVELAS TV 1 / SERIE"},{"description":"RTI 2 est une chaine televisee ivoiriens qui diffuse que des informations, musiques, series mexicaines, bresiliens, phillipinesn et autres....","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/rti2/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODU4NDdf/rtid.jpg","title":"RTI 2 / COTE D'IVOIRE"},{"description":"NOVELAS TV est la chaine qui diffuset des Series Mexicaines, Philipiennes et Bresiliennes....","sources":["https://stormcast-telenovelatv-1-fr.samsung.wurl.com/manifest/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTQyMjA4MDVf/novelastv.jpg","title":"NOVELAS TV{"description":"NW INFOS est la chaine du togo en diffusant des Informations Emissions et autres....","sources":["https://hls.newworldtv.com/nw-info/video/live_1024x576.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTQyMjY0NzNf/nwInfos.jpg","title":"NW INFOS TV / TOGO"},{"description":"NW Muzik est la chaine du togo en diffusant des musiques Africaine et autres....","sources":["https://hls.newworldtv.com/nw-muzik/video/live_1024x576.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTQyMjY0NTZf/nwMuzik.webp","title":"NW MUZIK TV / TOGO"},{"description":"Al Hadath est la chaine du Lybie en diffusant des Emissions ainsi que des infos, musique et autres....","sources":["https://master.starmena-cloud.com/hls/hd.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTQyMjcxNDBf/alhad.png","title":"AL HADATH TV / LYBIE"},{"description":"Vox Of Africa est la chaine des americains qui emette a Brazzaville en diffusant des informations et autres....","sources":["https://voa-lh.akamaihd.net/i/voa_mpls_tvmc3_3@320295/master.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTQyMjY1NDFf/VOX_AFRICA.jpg","title":"VOX OF AFRICA TV"},{"description":"Resurrection TV est l'une des chaines privées Chretienne que l'on retrouve dans la ville d'ACCRA, possédant des émissions variées","sources":["http://rtmp.ottdemo.rrsat.com/rrsatrtv1/rrsatrtvmulti.smil/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNDg1NzczODRf/mychannel.jpg","title":"RESURRECTION TV / GHANA"},{"description":"CDIRECT TV est la chaîne une chaîne généraliste présente une vitrine positive du Congo, conçoit des programmes inédits et innovants qui s'adressent aux congolais résidents, la diaspora congolaise, ainsi qu'à l'ensemble des africains francophones à travers le monde entier. Sa ligne éditoriale est axée sur les deux Congo décomplexé, un Congo qui va de l'avant et gagne !.","sources":["http://cms-streamaniak.top/Cdirect/CDIRECT/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdirect.tv/assets/img/logo-cdirect.ico","title":"CDIRECT TV / Kinshasa-Brazzaville"},{"description":"DBM TV ou digital black Music est une Chaîne TV à thématique musicale, DBM a pour vocation de révéler et promouvoir la musique Afro Urbaine, qu’elle soit d’Afrique ou d’ailleurs info@dbm-tv.com. .","sources":["https://dbmtv.vedge.infomaniak.com/livecast/smil:dbmtv.smil/manifest.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.dbm-tv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo-dbm.png","title":"DBM TV / Music "},{"description":"La LUMIÈRE, ministère Chrétien pour annoncer l’évangile de Jésus Christ partout dans le monde, toucher changer et sauver des vies par la puissance de la parole de DIEU avec des enseignements prédications adorations louanges partages de prières, d’exhortations et de témoignages","sources":["https://video1.getstreamhosting.com:1936/8248/8248/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/client/q_glossy,ret_img,w_124,h_124/https://telepack.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/lumiere-tv.png","title":"La Lumiere TV / Gospel"},{"description":"La Télévision Togolaise (TVT) est le nom de l'unique chaîne de télévision publique togolaise, Crée depuis 1979.","sources":["http://54.38.92.12/tvt.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Google","thumb":"https://amp.live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/tg-tv.jpg","title":"Télévision Togolais"},{"description":"CRTV est un service de radio et de télévision contrôlé par le gouvernement au Cameroun. Cela a commencé sous le nom de Cameroon Television (CTV) et a ensuite fusionné avec le service de radio pour devenir CRTV. Il couvre l'ensemble des dix régions du Cameroun, ce qui en fait le diffuseur indomptable parmi plusieurs chaînes de télévision privées du pays. Sa couverture des événements est généralement considérée comme pro-gouvernementale. Les programmes de la CRTV comprennent des documentaires, des magazines, des analyses d'actualités et des séries importées d'Asie et du Brésil..","sources":["http://178.33.237.146/crtv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.cameroonconcordnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/CRTV-new.jpg","title":"Cameroune Radio Télévision"},{"description":"Impact TV c'est une premiere Chaine televisee chretienne diffusant au Burkina-Fasso sur satelite innauguree le 07/03/2008 par Marie Sophie.","sources":["https://edge10.vedge.infomaniak.com/livecast/impacttele/chunklist_w973675047.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i1.wp.com/www.livetvliveradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/impact-tv.jpg?fit=259%2C194","title":"Impact TV / Burkina Fasso"},{"description":"Kigali Channel 2 ( Là pour vous) est une chaine televisee Rwandaise emmetant a Kigali. KC2 se diversite par sa diffusion des emitions exceptionnelle ainsi que des films nouveautes et plein d'autres.","sources":["https://5c46fa289c89f.streamlock.net/kc2/kc2/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQfQjI8jUhMPReWg0MOdw1xpAAXMP7YAuZKBg&usqp=CAU","title":"KC2 TV / Rwanda"},{"description":"Equinox est une chaîne de télévision basée au Cameroun. Peu de temps après son lancement, il est devenu l'un des critiques les plus virulents du régime de Paul Biya. La station était connue pour avoir diffusé des images en direct d'une manifestation politique contre le changement constitutionnel au Cameroun qui favorisait le maintien au pouvoir du président Biya après 2011, alors qu'il lui était interdit par la Constitution de se présenter à nouveau. La télévision appartient au magnat des affaires de la région ouest du Cameroun, Severin Tchounke, qui possède également un quotidien critique, La Nouvelle Expression.","sources":["http://178.33.237.146/equinoxetv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://camer-press.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Equinoxe-Tv.jpg","title":"Equinoxetv"},{"description":"Rwanda Télévision (RTV) est la premiere chaîne public du Rwanda qui fournit des informations et des divertissements quotidiens au public rwandais en trois langues: anglais, français et kinyarwanda géré par l'industrie de la télévision rwandaise , mais ce derniere est composée de 12 chaînes de télévision dont 84% télévisions sont détenues par des privés (10 sur 12) tandis que 8% appartiennent respectivement à des organisations publiques et religieuses. L'Agence nationale de radiodiffusion rwandaise.","sources":["https://5c46fa289c89f.streamlock.net/rtv/rtv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://maps.prodafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/10191_RBA_002.png","title":"RTV"},{"description":"IBN TV est un radiodiffuseur islamique de télévision et de radio qui transmet IBN TV et Radio Maarifa de Dar es Salaam et Tanga respectivement. Il a été crée sous la direction de la Fondation Al Itrah et a été diffusé officiellement depuis Mars 2003. IBN TV est un média privé qui a commencé après la libéralisation de l’industrie des médias en Tanzanie. IBN TV est la première chaîne islamique en Tanzanie. Il couvre presque toute la région de Dar es Salaam, Tanga, Arusha et Mwanza. IBN TV diffuse en quatre langues différentes, à savoir l’anglais, le swahili, le gujarati et l’ourdou.","sources":["http://138.68.138.119:8080/low/5a8993709ea19/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.alitrah.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/10/ibntvafrica.png","title":"IBN TV"},{"description":"RTB est une chaîne de télévision publique générale dirigée par l’Établissement public d’État. Son siège social est situé dans la capitale du Burkina Faso, à Ouagadougou. Il est diffusé en direct à la télévision terrestre et sur Internet. Cette chaîne africaine diffuse des nouvelles télévisées en Français. Mais en général, les flashs de nouvelles sont dans la langue nationale comme Lobiri, Bwamu, Gulmancéma ainsi que Bissa. RTB offre un programme avec de nombreux magazines sur le sport, l’économie, la culture, la santé et la jeunesse.","sources":["https://edge8.vedge.infomaniak.com/livecast/ik:rtbtvlive1/manifest.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c0/RTB_Sukmaindera.png","title":"Radio Television Burkina Fasso"},{"description":"Eri-TV est une chaîne de télévision érythréenne appartenant à l'État. Basée dans la capitale du pays, Asmara, elle diffuse 24 heures sur 24. La station propose des bulletins d'information 24 heures sur 24, des émissions-débats et des programmes culturels et éducatifs. Eri-TV a une large base d'audience en dehors de l'Érythrée, que la chaîne publique reconnaît et utilise pour communiquer avec les Érythréens vivant à l'étranger. Le réseau compte environ 1 à 2 millions de téléspectateurs par semaine. Eri-TV reconnaît la culture minoritaire érythréenne et a largement adopté un partage de temps égal entre chacune des langues parlées du pays.","sources":["http://217.182.137.206/eri.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://eri.tv/images/eri-tv-live.png","title":"ERITRIE TV"},{"description":"Créée au Sénégal par le GROUPE D-MEDIA, SENTV, 1ère Chaîne Urbaine au Sénégal, consacre sa programmation au traitement de l'actualité nationale et internationale et à la culture urbaine sénégalaise et africaine en générale. Elle émet sur hertzien depuis 2009 et est désormais disponible sur satellite via le bouquet Canal + Afrique et les bouquets IPTV à l'international. Une chaîne généraliste et orientée urbaine, constituant ainsi une offre originale et unique au Sénégal. Une part importante de ses programmes est constituée par des rendez-vous d’actualité sur une rythmique quotidienne et des émissions phares orientées Société et Divertissement.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/tfm_senegal.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.xalat.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/maxresdefault-2.jpg","title":"SENEGAL TV"},{"description":"RTB diffuse des emissions ainsi que les Sports, Musique, Culture et Films d'Action.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/rtb1.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/bf-rtb-tv-8682.jpg","title":"RTB"},{"description":"LEEEKO est un ensemble de médias web radio et tv, créé le 1er Decembre 2016 par Serges OLUBI, passionné de musiques. LEEEKO diffuse une diversité des musique telsque: Rhumba, Zouk, Ndombolo, Rnb, Classic, Jazz et autres à travers l'Afrique.","sources":["http://livetvsteam.com:1935/leeeko/leeeko/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://is2-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple113/v4/c9/76/95/c9769524-8604-49ac-108e-efca1d025a99/source/512x512bb.jpg","title":"LEEKO MUSIQUE TV"},{"description":"La Radio Télévision Guinéenne (RTG), l’un des premiers organes de presse public du pays, est absente dans plusieurs villes de l’intérieur du pays. Et ce après 42 ans depuis sa création. Par endroits, les signaux de la RTG sont totalement absents depuis plusieurs années. Par contre, dans certaines préfectures, malgré la réception des signaux, faute d’énergie, les populations sont privées des émissions de la RTG, a-t-on constaté.","sources":["http://178.33.237.146/rtg.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Blender Channel","thumb":"http://maliactu.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/rtg-radio-television-guineenne.png","title":"Radio Television Guinéenne "},{"description":"MTA Africa 1 (anciennement MTA Africa) est la quatrième chaîne de télévision par satellite du réseau MTA International. Il a été lancé début août 2016, diffusant spécifiquement pour les téléspectateurs africains, à travers l'Afrique et l'Europe. La chaîne a été créée sous les auspices de Mirza Masroor Ahmad, le chef spirituel de la communauté musulmane Ahmadiyya. MTA Africa est géré et financé volontairement par les Ahmadis.","sources":["https://ooyalahd2-f.akamaihd.net/i/mtaengaudio_delivery@138280/index_3000_av-p.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Blender Channel","thumb":"https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/950498775893774338/XKhzDO2.jpg","title":"MTA AFRICA"},{"description":"L’Office de Radiodiffusion et Télévision du Bénin (ORTB) est le service public de l’audiovisuel du Bénin. C’est un établissement public à caractères social, culturel et scientifique doté de la personnalité morale et de l’autonomie financière. ORTB, pas sans vous !/ Tél: +229 21 30 00 48/ Whatsapp: +229 69 70 55 55/ Email: contact@ortb.bj","sources":["http://51.77.223.83/ortb.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.lavoixduconsommateur.org/images/services/1533219563.jpg","title":"ORTB / Bénin"},{"description":"Dream Channel est une chaine télévisée ematant au cameroune qui diffuse de la musique de toutes tendances.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.net:5000/dreamchannel/dreamchannel/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/c1b45634-2f8c-47e7-8849-e6d7ea620465-300x169.jpg","title":"DREAM CHANNEL TV / Cameroune"},{"description":"Canal Algérie est la deuxième chaîne de télévision nationale grand public algérienne. La chaîne fait partie du groupe EPTV qui comprend également TV1, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6 et TV7. C'est une chaîne francophone. La chaîne diffuse ses programmes 24h / 24 et 7j / 7 via différentes plateformes et partout dans le monde.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/canal_algerie.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Logo_Canal_Algerie.svg/800px-Logo_Canal_Algerie.svg.png","title":"Canal Algerie"},{"description":"Radio Télévision Sénegalaise est une station de radio diffusée sur le réseau de Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise (RTS1 HD) de Dakar, au Sénégal, fournissant des informations, des sports, des débats, des émissions en direct et des informations sur la culture ainsi que la musique.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/rts1.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/VZyPxURRRo-C0lEWHggT8C-dDJvFNFTVxKrn1yKUNROoT85XnOl9VcmM5HFzyRDwvgs","title":"Radio Télévision Sénegalaise 1 HD"},{"description":"Kalsan est une chaîne de télévision Somalienne dont le siège est à Londres. Elle a commencé à diffuser en 2013. La chaîne est axée sur les Somaliens. La programmation est principalement axée sur les actualités et les divertissements.","sources":["http://cdn.mediavisionuae.com:1935/live/kalsantv.stream/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://xogdoonnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/kalsan-tv.jpg","title":"KALSAN TV / Somalie"},{"description":"One Africa Television est une chaine de television namibien crée en 2003 et couvrant à l'origine uniquement Windhoek, Rehoboth et Okahandja, One Africa Television a connu une croissance significative, avec son signal diffusé via 29 émetteurs analogiques à travers la Namibie. En 2013, One Africa Television a rejoint l'ère numérique, et la chaîne est depuis disponible sur le réseau de télévision numérique terrestre de la Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (Channel 301) ainsi que sur la plateforme DStv Namibia de MultiChoice (Channel 284) ainsi que sur le réseau numérique terrestre GoTV de MultiChoice. Président du groupe d'Africa Television, Paul van Schalkwyk, a été tué dans un accident d'avion le 10 mars 2014.","sources":["https://za-tv2a-wowza-origin02.akamaized.net/oneafrica/smil:oneafrica/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://neweralive.na/uploads/2016/11/Untitled-1.jpg","title":"ONE AFRICA TV / Namibia"},{"description":"VISION4 TV est une chaine television panafricanisme Camerounais crée en 2008. qui diffuse des Émissions hauts de gamme telsque : Afro Café, Matinale infos, le journal d'afrique, tour d'horizon, journal de 12, women's story, The 6h00 pm news, Let's talk, Meeting point le grand live, le grand journal de 20h, santé spirituelle, sport time, Arrêt majeur, Au cœur du mystère, parole d'artistes, Femme attitude, Panafritude, Rendez-vous santé, afro zik, Club d'élites, Plateau du Jaguar, Dimanche bonheur, face aux dinosaures. Vision 4 Le Groupe Anecdote Vision 4 TV, Satelite FM, Africa Express Siège social : Yaoundé - Cameroun (Nsam) Secrétariat PDG : Tel : +237 242 71 88 13 / Fax : +237 222 31 67 81 Service de l'information : Tel : +237 242 71 87 68 Yaoundé Centre B.P 25070 Cameroun","sources":["http://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/vision4/hls_video/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vision_4.jpg/600px-Vision_4.jpg","title":"VISION 4"},{"description":"Nago TV is a Haitian television channel 100% devoted to music videos(Compass, Rap Creole, Racine).","sources":["http://haititivi.com:8088/haititv/tele6NY/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/GdAVtX7AU8834RaKoUC4c3itv2A_R1k8XATBf26G_IgQKnvxEtAew0cJOr_kWOpWkpY","title":"NAGO TV / Haiti"},{"description":"Lagos Television has been a trail blazer right from inception. Apart from being the first TV station outside the NTA family, the station took the Nigerian TV industry by storm in the early 80s with the introduction of a 60-hour non stop weekend from 7pm on Fridays till 7am on Mondays. The then Lagos weekend Television was the first marathon TV station in Africa. It’s unprecedented public approval transformed TV viewership especially within the Lagos precinct and brought a change in the call sign LTV/LWT.","sources":["http://185.105.4.193:1935/ltv/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.lagostelevision.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/logo.png","title":"Lagos Television"},{"description":"Emmanuel TV is the television station of The Synagogue, Church Of All Nations, broadcasting 24/7 around the globe via satellite and on the internet. The purpose of Emmanuel TV is to preach the Good News to all mankind. That is what we are born for, living for and what we shall die for. Emmanuel TV is committed to changing lives, changing nations and changing the whole world through the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is the inspiration behind Emmanuel TV; as such, God’s purpose is our purpose.","sources":["https://api.new.livestream.com/accounts/23202872/events/7200883/live.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://scoan-website-emmanueltv.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/12/files/2016/09/emmanuel_tv_icon.png","title":"Emmanuel TV"},{"description":"Addis TV is a City Channel based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, which broadcasts News and Programs 24/7.","sources":["https://rrsatrtmp.tulix.tv/addis1/addis1multi.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://et.heytv.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Addis-webtvonlive-com.jpg","title":"Addis TV / Ethiopia"},{"description":"Resurrection TV is a Christian based station aimed at uplifting your soul with an unadulterated word of God. it ensures a distinction between sin and righteousness.","sources":["http://rtmp.ottdemo.rrsat.com/rrsatrtv1/rrsatrtvmulti.smil/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/9e/f5/ae/9ef5aeb5c1ddd05a20d27faaf5d9b931.jpg","title":"Résurrection TV/ Ghana"},{"description":"CTV frique est une television camerounaise basee a yaounde.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/ctv-africa/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/CTV-1-300x212.jpeg","title":"CTV AFRICA"},{"description":"BEL TV est une station de télévision haïtienne qui diffuse sur le web via diverses plateformes et par câble. Notre vision est de créer une télévision standard dont la qualité du programme est aussi instructive que divertissante. À cote de cette vision, BEL TV s’est fixé pour mission de promouvoir la Culture haïtienne, à savoir le Cinéma, la musique, la littérature et bien plus encore, ce à travers la Caraïbe et le monde entier. BEL TV c’est une toute autre façon de faire la télé.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/afriqueplustv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NEW-LOGO0047_00000_00000-300x169.png","title":"AFRICA PLUS TV "},{"description":"1 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mygospel/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/mygospel-300x140.png","title":"MY GOSPEL TV"},{"description":"2 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/media-prime/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/myprime15-300x140.png","title":"MEDIA PRIME TV"},{"description":"3 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mymusic/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/mymusic1.png","title":"MY MUSIC TV "},{"description":"4 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mymovie-en/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/myenglish-300x140.png","title":"MY MOVIE TV / English"},{"description":"5 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mymovie-fr/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/myfresh-300x140.png","title":"MY MOVIE TV / Francais"},{"description":"6 ok","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/bikutsitv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/bikutsi-300x63.jpeg","title":"BIKUTSI TV"},{"description":"7 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/cam10tv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/CAM10-REVUE.jpg","title":"CAM 10 TV / Cameroune"},{"description":"8 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/leadergospel/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/leader-cable.jpg","title":"LEADER GOSPEL TV / Religion"},{"description":"9 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/vstv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/VS-TV-300x168.jpg","title":"VS tv"},{"description":"10 0k.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mytv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mytv-channel-hd-300x169.jpg","title":"MY TV CHANNEL"},{"description":"Radio Tele Puissance est une chaine chrétienne qui diffuse en direct des programmes chrétien avec des vidéos et des films Gospel de premier ordre, des documentaires. radio Tele Puissance est une station très divertissante..","sources":["https://video1.getstreamhosting.com:1936/8560/8560/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://radioendirect.net/assets/images/radio/item/119251.jpg","title":"Radio Tele Puissance"},{"description":"Christ live est une chaine télévision de divertissement chrétienne disponible sur le satellite.","sources":["https://raw.githubusercontent.com/exodiver/IPTV/master/M3U8/Token/Cliv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.centraltv.fr/wp-content/uploads/christ-tv_logo.jpg","title":"CHRIST TV / Religion"},{"description":"QTV Gambia is the First Private Television Station","sources":["https://player.qtv.gm/hls/live.stream.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://standard.gm/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/QTV-696x495.jpg","title":"QTV / Gambia"},{"description":"TVM International, or TVM Internacional, is the international channel of Mozambique's national TV broadcaster, Televisão de Moçambique (TVM), broadcasting for 24 hours per day. The channel will showcase local programming featuring Mozambican culture, tourism and sports.","sources":["http://196.28.226.121:1935/live/smil:Channel2.smil/chunklist_b714000_slpor.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://clubofmozambique.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/tvmint.rm.jpg","title":"TVM Internacional"},{"description":"K24 TV est une chaine de télévision généraliste Kényane fondée en 2007 basé à Longonot Place, P. O. Box 49640 Kijabe St Tél : +254 20 2124801. K24 TV diffuse sur la télévision terrestre et en streaming sur Dailymotion et sur son site internet..","sources":["https://raw.githubusercontent.com/exodiver/IPTV/master/M3U8/Token/K24.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.centraltv.fr/wp-content/uploads/k24-tv_logo.jpg","title":"K24 TV / Kenya"},{"description":"Afrobeat tv is a division of kaycee records .Kaycee Records is an independent record label established in the United Kingdom, and Nigeria Owned by Kennedy Kesidi Richard from Oguta in Imo State Nigeria .Afro beat tv is the new musical innovation to promote African art and and as a platform to promote and create awareness for up coming African artist all around the globe","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.net:8080/afrobit/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/AFROBIT-png-300x168.png","title":"AFROBITS / Music"},{"description":"Dunamis International Gospel Centre (DIGC) Jos Central is a powerfully anointed church, where God's Presence and power are saving, healing and restoring human destinies and dignities! Located in Alheri, Jos, Plateau State with HQT in Abuja Nigeria. Dunamis (Doo'na-mis) is the Greek word that means POWER.","sources":["https://christianworld.ashttp9.visionip.tv/live/visiontvuk-religion-dunamistv-SD/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/ng-dunamis-tv-2163-300x225.jpg","title":"DUNAMIS TV / Religion"},{"description":"France tv sport, c’est d’abord l’actualité de TOUS les sports. De l’analyse en temps réel, du live ou encore des replays vidéo sont disponibles à tout moment. Enrichissez votre expérience et plongez au cœur de l'actualité du sport.","sources":["https://streamserv.mytvchain.com/sportenfrance/SP1564435593_720p/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://liberador.net/media/images/FranceTv_Sport.max-640x640.jpg","title":"SPORTS FRANCE TV"},{"description":"Darut Tarbiyah La télévision en direct du Réseau islamique de Trinité-et-Tobago Chaîne de télévision religieuse / Darut Tarbiyah Le Réseau islamique (T.I.N.) est une chaîne de télévision câblée locale de Trinité-et-Tobago diffusant des programmes islamiques. La station est transportée sur le canal 96 ou 116 sur le système de câble Flow Trinidad. DARUT TARBIYAH - LE RÉSEAU ISLAMIQUE. Darut Tarbiyah Drive, Ramgoolie Trace North, Cunupia, Trinidad Antilles. Tél: (868) 693-1722, 693-1393","sources":["http://162.244.81.145:2215/live/livestream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://theislamicnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/musicpro/bd-uploads/logo_logo_TIN-Logo-White-Text.png","title":"THE ISLAMIC NETWORK"},{"description":"D Sports HD est une chaine qui se fcalise sur les Sports en General : WWE, BOX, Football: Ligue brésilienne, Super League chinoise, Ligue portugaise, Major League Soccer (USA) Courses hippiques: courses quotidiennes diffusées en direct du Royaume-Uni et d'Irlande Golf: British Open (The Open Championship), US Open, PGA Championship, LPGA Motorsports: NASCAR, Championnat du Monde de Rallycross FIA Rugby: 6 Nations Rugby Cyclisme: Tour de France (propriété d'Eurosport).","sources":["http://jiocgehub.jio.ril.com/Dsports_HD/Dsports_HD.m3u8?fluxustv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://kccl.tv/sites/default/files/dsportjpg.jpg","title":"D Sports TV"},{"description":"Africa Sports TV est la première chaîne francophone d’information en continue de sport en Afrique. C’est un média fédérateur des sports africains. On parle de compétition locales, des ligues nationales sur toutes les disciplines du continent, dont le basketball, le football, la lutte… Il y aura beaucoup de lutte, qui prend un essor important sur le continent. Il y a tout un lobby autour de la lutte. Africa Sports TV est disponible Sur Le Canal 56 de la BbOX – Sur Le Canal 614 du Bouquet Africain Max de TV ORANGE.","sources":["https://strhls.streamakaci.tv/str_africasportstv_africasportstv/str_africasportstv_multi/str_africasportstv_africasportstv/str_africasportstv_player_1080p/chunks.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1215646342812401668/SOnvVloX_400x400.jpg","title":"Africa Sports TV"},{"description":"Real Madrid TV est une chaîne de télévision numérique gratuite, exploitée par le Real Madrid, spécialisée dans le club de football espagnol. La chaîne est disponible en espagnol et en anglais. Il est situé à Ciudad Real Madrid à Valdebebas (Madrid), le centre de formation du Real Madrid.","sources":["http://rmtv24hweblive-lh.akamaihd.net/i/rmtv24hwebes_1@300661/index_3_av-b.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://files.cults3d.com/uploaders/13539675/illustration-file/9c08780f-eb52-427b-aad7-b0a8c0fb83a1/real_madrid_ref1_large.JPG","title":"Real Madrid TV"},{"description":"Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, ce qui signifie Royal Madrid Football Club), communément appelé Real Madrid, est un club de football professionnel espagnol basé à Madrid. Fondé le 6 mars 1902 sous le nom de Madrid Football Club, le club porte traditionnellement un maillot blanc à domicile depuis sa création. Le mot réel est espagnol pour royal et a été accordé au club par le roi Alfonso XIII en 1920 avec la couronne royale dans l'emblème. L'équipe a disputé ses matchs à domicile dans le stade Santiago Bernabéu d'une capacité de 81 044 places au centre-ville de Madrid depuis 1947.","sources":["http://rmtv24hweblive-lh.akamaihd.net/i/rmtv24hweben_1@300662/master.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e4/de/18/e4de1869c0eba3beab9ffc9d01660e65.jpg","title":"Real Madrid TV"},{"description":" EPT SPORTS HD est la nouvelle chaîne exclusivement sportive de l’audiovisuel public, ERT Sports HD, sa première officielle à 06h00 le matin du samedi 9 février 2019.","sources":["https://ert-live.siliconweb.com/media/ert_sports/ert_sportshigh.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://png.pngitem.com/pimgs/s/681-6814150_ert-sports-hd-logo-ert-sports-hd-hd.png","title":"EPT Sports HD"},{"description":"Sports Tonight Live, branded simply as Sports Tonight, was a British television show and channel, owned by VISION247 based in Central London. It was launched online on 29 August 2011.","sources":["http://sports.ashttp9.visionip.tv/live/visiontvuk-sports-sportstonightlive-hsslive-25f-4x3-SD/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://embeddedplayer.visionip.tv/portals/Sports_Tonight_Live/Sports_Tonight_Live/overlay_logos/Sports%20Tonight%20Live-plBackground-1308.png","title":"Sports Tonight"},{"description":"Arryadia HD TV est une chaîne sportive de télévision publique marocaine. Il fait partie du groupe public SNRT avec Al Aoula, Athaqafia, Al Maghribia, Assadissa, Aflam TV, Tamazight TV et Laayoune TV. La chaîne a été lancée le 16 septembre 2006. Arryadia est le diffuseur officiel de la ligue marocaine Botola.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/arriadia/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lnh_8LWuXaw/WZ09LDkMsZI/AAAAAAAAEeI/9FKtxdQjbl4UVqmZjqN4R-fE9uOLG2ccQCLcBGAs/s1600/FB_IMG_1503465850383.jpg","title":"Arryadia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Assadissa TV est une chaîne de télévision publique marocaine dédiée aux affaires religieuses. Il fait partie du groupe public SNRT avec Al Aoula, Arryadia, Athaqafia, Al Maghribia, Aflam TV, Tamazight TV et Laayoune TV. La chaîne a été lancée le 3 novembre 2005. Outre les lectures du Coran, il existe également des programmes de services religieux, de débats et de documentaires. Il est diffusé tous les jours de 2h00 à 23h00. Le samedi, il est de 6h00 à 21h00.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/assadissa/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Assadissa.png","title":"Assadissa TV/ Maroc"},{"description":"Al Aoula, anciennement appelée TVM (Télévision marocaine, arabe: ??????? ????????), est la première chaîne de télévision publique marocaine. Il fait partie du groupe public SNRT avec Arryadia, Athaqafia, Al Maghribia, Assadissa, Aflam TV, Tamazight TV et Laayoune TV. Le réseau diffuse des programmes en arabe, berbère, français et espagnol. Son siège est situé à Rabat. Lancé en 1962, Al Aoula a été le premier réseau de télévision à produire et à diffuser ses propres programmes dans le pays. En 1962, il a commencé des émissions en couleur.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/al_aoula_inter/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live.staticflickr.com/1853/44065447112_7a93bb434f.jpg","title":"Al Aoula TV/ Maroc"},{"description":"2M TV est une chaîne de télévision marocaine gratuite. Il a été créé par le conglomérat royal, ONA, avant d'être en partie vendu à l'État marocain. 20,7% de 2M appartiennent à la société holding de Mohammed VI SNI. Alors qu'environ 60% sont contrôlés par l'État marocain. Il est basé à Casablanca. Il est disponible gratuitement localement sur signal numérique avec une couverture sur tout le Maroc et sur la télévision par satellite via Globecast, Nilesat et Arabsat. 2M propose des services en arabe, français et berbère.","sources":["https://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/2m_monde/hls_video_ts/2m_monde.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://caidal.ma/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ob_febd69_2-m-maroc-en-ligne.jpg","title":"2M TV / Maroc"},{"description":"La chaîne Al Magharibia diffuse des programmes politiques, sociaux et économiques depuis sa base privée de Londres. La chaîne est diffusée en arabe et s'adresse aux pays du Mahgreb, l'Algérie en particulier. Le ton d'Al Magharibia est fermement basé sur un discours politique et idéologique. Le ton d'Al Magharibia est fermement basé sur un discours politique et idéologique.","sources":["https://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/al_maghribia_snrt/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.sat.tv/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SNRT-AlMaghribia.png","title":"Al maghribia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Athaqafia TV est une chaîne gratuite disponible sur le satellite Hotbird et propose une gamme de programmes allant des documentaires et des programmes éducatifs ainsi que de la musique, des dessins animés et des divertissements familiaux. La chaîne s'adresse principalement aux familles et est diffusée principalement en arabe mais parfois en langue française et berbère. La chaîne a été créée par la société de production marocaine appartenant à l'État, SNRT.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/arrabiaa/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.sat.tv/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SNRTAThaqafia.png","title":"Athaqafia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Tele Maroc est la nouvelle chaîne satellitaire généraliste marocaine créée par rachid Niny. Siège à Madrid. « C’est donc une chaéne de télévision légalement espagnole avec un contenu marocain.","sources":["https://api.new.livestream.com/accounts/27130247/events/8196478/live.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/9e/1d/b5/9e1db51201d4debce634f6e8b44a2424.jpg","title":"Tele Maroc"},{"description":"Tamazinght TV est une chaîne de télévision publique marocaine créée le 6 janvier 2010, propriété de la Société nationale de radiodiffusion et de télévision. La chaîne a pour objectif la promotion et la préservation de la culture amazighe au Maroc et dans la région de l'Afrique du Nord. en langue berbère. 70% en tashelhit, tarifit et tamazight (les 3 variantes du berbère du Maroc), le reste en arabe.","sources":["https://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/tamazight_tv8_snrt/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://hub.tv-ark.org.uk/images/International/international_images/morocco_images/tamazight/Tamazight_TV_ident4_060912a.jpg","title":"Tamazight TV / Maroc"},{"description":"EMCI TV est une chaîne de télévision chrétienne évangélique francophone. Les studios de la chaîne se trouvent dans la ville de Québec, Canada. Le contenu de la programmation est assez varié et provient de divers pays francophones d’Afrique, d’Europe et d’Amérique. Des clips musicaux, des enseignements bibliques, des prédications, la Bible en vidéo, des temps de prière, des reportages, des documentaires, des films ainsi que des séries y sont présentés.","sources":["https://emci-fr-hls.akamaized.net/hls/live/2007265/emcifrhls/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.enseignemoi-files.com/site/view/images/dyn-cache/pages/image/img/23/62/1522940482_236277_1200x630x1.f.jpg?v=2018021301","title":"EMCI TV / Religion"},{"description":"CIS TV est une chaine tv guinéen consacré au sport et à la culture. basée à Conakry, fondé en 2016 par Mamadou Antonio Souaré. CIS TV est diffuse via le satellite Fréquence Tv 3689: Symbole 1083: Satelite eutelsat 10a ZONES DE DIFFUSION : tiers d'Afrique.","sources":["http://51.81.109.113:1935/CDNLIVE/CISTV/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.senegal7.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/f9180cb9286c49c4f3a6c793798b9ddf.png","title":"CIS TV / Guinee"},{"description":"Faso TV est une initiative de Magic Communication et Médias, une société à responsabilité limitée basée à Ouagadougou, capitale du Burkina Faso. C’est une chaîne de télévision en ligne destinée à l’événementiel. Nous entendons par événementiel toutes manifestations ou activités à caractère culturel, économique, éducatif ou sportif dont l’objectif est de susciter la mobilisation, l’adhésion, l’engouement de la population ou d’un public cible au plan local, national ou international. Autrement dit, notre stratégie éditoriale consiste à faire la promotion de toutes activités qui contribuent au développement socio-économique et culturel, à l’éducation, au divertissement et au bien être de la population burkinabé et de sa diaspora.","sources":["https://playtv4kpro.com:5443/LiveApp/streams/163893638025530331068059.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://fasotv.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/logo-final-sans-slogan.png","title":"FASO TV / Burkina Fasso "},{"description":"Plex tv une chaîne généraliste spécialisé dans la retransmissions des événement. émission et qui diffuse aussi des films, musiques, divertissement, sport, magasine etc et une multitude de programme en haute définition.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.net:5000/plextv/@plextv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.lifetimepremiumaccounts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/plex-logo.jpg","title":"PLEX TV / "},{"description":"PLAY TV est une chaine de télévision musicale Camerounaise basée à Yaoundé, elle diffuse un programme 100% musicale la musique d’ici et d’ailleurs en haute définition..","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.net:5000/playtv/@playtv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/logo-play-tv-300x113.jpg","title":"PLAT TV / Cameroune "},{"description":"TVR Rennes 35 Bretagne est une chaîne de télévision locale née en mars 1987 sous le nom de TV Rennes. TVR Rennes 35 Bretagne fut inaugurée à son lancement par le président de la République, elle fut la première télévision locale créée en France elle est diffusée Canal 35 sur la TNT / Canal 30 sur Orange, Freebox et BBox / Canal 95 sur Numéricable et en direct streaming sur son site Internet.","sources":["https://streamtv.cdn.dvmr.fr/TVR/ngrp:tvr.stream_all/master.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://w0.pngwave.com/png/890/19/tvr-tv-rennes-35-logo-television-channel-tvr-t350-png-clip-art.png","title":"Rennes TV / France Sports "},{"description":"Chaîne franco-marocaine basée à Tanger et destinée au Maghreb. Programmation culturelle avec information, reportages et documentaires. En arabe et en Français. Fin 2010, elle a également commencé à diffuser à la télévision analogique terrestre au Maroc, en plus de la télévision numérique par satellite. Il a été rebaptisé Medi 1 TV.","sources":["http://streaming.medi1tv.com/live/Medi1tvmaghreb.sdp/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.logotypes101.com/logos/807/C85CC3231EAD10CEC61C182C7DED072D/medi1tvlogo.png","title":"Medi 1 TV / Maroc"},{"description":"M24 Television est la chaîne d’info en continu de l’agence marocaine de presse (MAP). Une chaîne qui couvre l’actualité marocaine et internationale. Une chaîne fidèle aux valeurs de la MAP qui est le premier producteur d'information au Maroc. Le fil de la MAP se décline en cinq langues : Arabe, Amazighe, Français, Anglais et Espagnol. la MAP présente dans toutes les régions du Royaume et dans les cinq continents, elle fournit tous les médias en informations, reportages, analyses et portraits.","sources":["https://www.m24tv.ma/live/smil:OutStream1.smil/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://is5-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple114/v4/e4/c6/3e/e4c63e4e-b8ff-a14e-cacd-3593f09c1f78/source/512x512bb.jpg","title":"M24 TV / Maroc"},{"description":"La chaîne Al Magharibia diffuse des programmes politiques, sociaux et économiques depuis sa base privée de Londres. La chaîne est diffusée en arabe et s'adresse aux pays du Mahgreb, l'Algérie en particulier. Le ton d'Al Magharibia est fermement basé sur un discours politique et idéologique. Le ton d'Al Magharibia est fermement basé sur un discours politique et idéologique.","sources":["https://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/al_maghribia_snrt/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.sat.tv/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SNRT-AlMaghribia.png","title":"Al maghribia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Athaqafia TV est une chaîne gratuite disponible sur le satellite Hotbird et propose une gamme de programmes allant des documentaires et des programmes éducatifs ainsi que de la musique, des dessins animés et des divertissements familiaux. La chaîne s'adresse principalement aux familles et est diffusée principalement en arabe mais parfois en langue française et berbère. La chaîne a été créée par la société de production marocaine appartenant à l'État, SNRT.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/arrabiaa/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.sat.tv/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SNRTAThaqafia.png","title":"Athaqafia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Al-Fath channel is the property of Sheikh Ahmed Awad Abdo, and is considered the satellite channel of the Islamic religious channels that follow the Sunnah, and offers a series of programs interpretation for the Quran Al-Kareem, and many true prophetic and the CEO is Prof. Ahmed Abdou Awad, the Islamic Scholar.","sources":["https://svs.itworkscdn.net/alfatehlive/fatehtv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/eg-alfath-tv.jpg","title":"Al Fath TV / Egypte"},{"description":"Al Hayah started broadcasting in 2008 during the last years of Mubarak's rule, which saw a revival in the ownership of the media. It was founded by businessman El Sayed El Badawi as part of Al Hayah Channels Network. El Badawi assumed the presidency of the Wafd Party from May 2010 until March 2018. El Badawi is one of the businessmen who played political roles in addition to owning media outlets, such as Al Dostor (link to profile). ","sources":["http://media.islamexplained.com:1935/live/_definst_mp4:ahme.stream_360p/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/474x/76/1a/a4/761aa46eb54c24d21ca5866f21442426.jpg","title":"Al hayat TV / Maroc"},{"description":"The El Sharq channel broadcasts Various programs, from Egypt country in the Arabic language, last updated time on March 25, 2016. El Sharq which considered to view as a Free to air satellite TV channel.","sources":["https://mn-nl.mncdn.com/elsharq_live/live/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://egytvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/al-sharq-200x75.jpg","title":"Al sharq TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Guinée TV1 est une chaine de télévision généraliste Guinéenne basée à Conakry. Elle diffuse de la musique des informations des documentaires. des programmes religieux et autre.","sources":["https://playtv4kpro.com:5443/LiveApp/streams/664825404798849938149128.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://gtv1love.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/logo4.png","title":"GUINEE TV / Guinee "},{"description":"Inooro TV chaînes de télévision généraliste Kényane en langue Kikuyu lancé le 26 octobre 2015. Elle diffuse 24 heures sur 24. Inooro TV est une chaine du groupe Royal Media Services (RMS).","sources":["https://vidcdn.vidgyor.com/inoorotv-origin/liveabr/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://royalmedia.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/inoorotv.jpg","title":"INOORO TV / Kenya "},{"description":"Citizen TV Kenya est une station nationale Kényane détenue par Royal Media Services Ltd.Elle diffuse principalement en anglais et en swahili. Elle a été lancé en 1999 et relancé en Juin 2006 c’est la station de télévision avec la plus forte croissance au Kenya avec un fort accent sur ??la programmation locale Basé au Communication Centre,Maalim Juma Road,Off Dennis Pritt Road, Nairobi, 7498-00300.","sources":["https://vidcdn.vidgyor.com/citizentv-origin/liveabr/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.innocirc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/citizen.jpg","title":"CITIZEN TV / Kenya "},{"description":"RTJ TV ( Radio Télévision Jeune ) est une chaine de télévision culturel Sénégalaise. Elle diffuse des programme de divertissement( WatZapp le Zapping), Musique (playlist Mix Afro Mix Zouk Mix Hip Hop Musique sénégalaise), bien être, documentaire, Émission éducatif qui consiste à joindre l’utile à l’agréable à travers l'éducation des enfants, interviews ect.","sources":["http://public.acangroup.org:1935/output/rtjtv.stream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://rtjtv.com/images/rtjtv.png","title":"RTJ TV / Senegal"},{"description":"Mouride tv est une chaine de télévision généraliste sénégalaise basé à touba, Senegal. Mouride tv c’est la télévision base au coeur des événement mourides magal, thiante, wakhtane, khassaide, kourel en direct..","sources":["http://51.81.109.113:1935/Livemouridetv/mouridetv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/sn-mouride-tv.jpg","title":"MOURIDE TV / Senegal"},{"description":"ANN TV est une chaîne d’Informations générales et de Divertissement. Elle est produite par JUUF COMMUNICATION et diffusée sur le site d’informations générales multimédia ANN. La plateforme ANN comporte un journal en ligne (ANN), une WebRadio (ANN FM) et une WebTV (ANN TV).","sources":["http://vod.acangroup.org:1935/output/anntv.stream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://an-news.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/aan.png","title":"ANN TV / Senegal"},{"description":"Louga TV est une chaine culturelle et religieuse Senegalaise qui se veut attractive et objective. En temps réel, elle produit des vidéos de qualité qui tiennent compte de la spécificité de l’information et de la crédibilité de ses sources. Également, l’équipe technique et rédactionnelle est constituée de techniciens chevronnés aux compétences avérées. Dans son approche des enjeux de l’information capitale, la chaine louga tv offre des vidéos qui informent, forment et transforment le citoyen dans l’approche de son monde en devenir..","sources":["http://ira.dyndns.tv:8080/live/louga/CAnhiMtR6C/1708.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3Gnt2_SndXw/maxresdefault.jpg","title":"LOUGA TV / Senegal"},{"description":"Dieu TV est une chaine de télévision généraliste chrétienne pour la Francophonie.Elle proclame la Bonne Nouvelle du Salut en Jésus-Christ pour atteindre les 400 millions de Francophones dans le monde. Fondée en 2007. Dieu TV diffuse sur le Satellite Eutelsat 5WA (Europe et Afrique du Nord), et le Satellite Amos 5 et en streaming sur son site interne","sources":["https://katapy.hs.llnwd.net/dieutvwza1/DIEUTVLIVE/smil:dieutv.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/fr-dieu-tv.jpg","title":"DIEU TV / Religion "},{"description":"Radio Télévision Hirondelle : La nouvelle couleur du Sud. Elle diffuse des émissions pour divers catégories nouvelles locales, nationales et internationales le sport du monde Entier la musique et videos clips Promotions des artistes Locaux.","sources":["http://play.acwstream.com:2000/live/acw_01/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://radiotelehirondelle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/logo.png","title":"HIRONDELLE TV"},{"description":"BEL TV est une station de télévision haïtienne qui diffuse sur le web via diverses plateformes et par câble. Notre vision est de créer une télévision standard dont la qualité du programme est aussi instructive que divertissante. À cote de cette vision, BEL TV s’est fixé pour mission de promouvoir la Culture haïtienne, à savoir le Cinéma, la musique, la littérature et bien plus encore, ce à travers la Caraïbe et le monde entier. BEL TV c’est une toute autre façon de faire la télé.","sources":["https://hbiptv.live/player/sakchotv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://image.roku.com/developer_channels/prod/1de97a21d9bd773a115a5467974be0b859d1157256316bd1e72ed48965c0191a.png","title":"BEL TV / Haiti "},{"description":"The Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC) Group is the first private free-to-air satellite broadcasting company in the Arab World. It was launched in London in 1991 and later moved to its headquarters in Dubai in 2002. MBC Group provides multiple channels of information, interaction and entertainment. MBC Group includes 10 television channels: MBC1 (general family entertainment via terrestrial), MBC2 and MBC MAX (24-hour movies), MBC3 (children’s entertainment), MBC4 (entertainment for new Arab women via terrestrial).","sources":["https://shls-masr-prod.shahid.net/masr-prod.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/MBC_Masr_Logo.png","title":"MBC MSR 1 / Egypte"},{"description":"The Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC) Group is the first private free-to-air satellite broadcasting company in the Arab World. It was launched in London in 1991 and later moved to its headquarters in Dubai in 2002. MBC Group provides multiple channels of information, interaction and entertainment. MBC Group includes 10 television channels: MBC1 (general family entertainment via terrestrial), MBC2 and MBC MAX (24-hour movies), MBC3 (children’s entertainment), MBC4 (entertainment for new Arab women via terrestrial).","sources":["https://shls-masr2-prod.shahid.net/masr2-prod.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/01/3c/21/013c218c3ce9b3cfc883bdcdb121e5e6.jpg","title":"MBC MSR 2 / Egypte"},{"description":"Mekameleen TV is an Egyptian opposition TV Channel. It is based in Istanbul. It's known to be supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood","sources":["https://mn-nl.mncdn.com/mekameleen/smil:mekameleentv.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/12/5b/1f/125b1febb8ada3a4f83475c2643adeb7.jpg","title":"Mekameleen TV / Egypte"},{"description":"The Kingdome Sat is television from Egypte founded in 2009 by Dr. Michael Yousef, the KingdomSat channel aims to introduce written teachings from the East and West to complement the vision given by God to the loss of the faraway and to encourage believers in the Middle East and North Africa region.","sources":["https://bcovlive-a.akamaihd.net/87f7c114719b4646b7c4263c26515cf3/eu-central-1/6008340466001/profile_0/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/eg-kingdom-sat-channe.jpg","title":"The Kingdom Sat TV / Egypt"},{"description":"D5 TV Music est une nouvelle chaîne de télévision musicale internationale, elle est dédiée aux musiques et aux cultures urbaines du monde entier (Rap, R&B, Hip-Hop, Pop, Rai, Naija, Olschool etc.) ciblant un public très large. D5Music entend devenir la chaîne référence musicale des 5 continents","sources":["https://www.rti.ci/direct_rti2.html"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://d5music.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/cropped-LOGO-D5-MUSIC-BLANCROUGE_carre-192x192.png","title":"RTI 2 TV"},{"description":"A2iTV la chaine 100% immigration Senegalais, qui est née de la synergie de personnes qui ont décidé d’ unir leur force, leur compétence et leur ressources matérielles et financiéres pour participer avec l’aide des nouvelles technologies à informer sur l’ immigration .","sources":["http://51.158.31.93:1935/a2itv/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.centraltv.fr/wp-content/uploads/A2itv_logo.jpg","title":"A2i TV / Senegal"},{"description":"A2i music est une chaine culturelle destinée à la Diaspora avec des programmes musicales et des dramatiques. A2i music couvre aussi les autres parties du monde, notament les Etats Unis, le Canada, l’Asie, etc. à travers les boitiers Roku fournis par AfricaAstv, Acantv, My African pack de Invevo et Sénégal.","sources":["http://51.158.31.93:1935/a2itvtwo/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.centraltv.fr/wp-content/uploads/a2i-music_logo.jpg","title":"A2i TV / Music "},{"description":"A2i tv Relegion est une chaine culturelle destinée à la Diasporat senegalais avec des programme chretiens.","sources":["http://51.158.31.93:1935/a2itvthree/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/wwumXcAbY83D0q-NgUv2veS-p54FJTq6LAvsPRwYwWo-70ggeDkCM1VdhqhibRQNk4o=s180-rw","title":"A2i TV / Religion "},{"description":"Love World Plus TV is your Christian faith and lifestyle channel destined to bring a new level of dynamism into Christian television programming through satellite and the internet. The reach of LoveWorld Plus is limitless.","sources":["http://hls.live.metacdn.com/2450C7/bedkcjfty/lwplus_628.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://d3c5pcohbexzc4.cloudfront.net/videos/thumbs/be214-loveworldplus.jpg","title":"Love World Plus TV"},{"description":"A2i naija est une nouvelle chaîne de télévision musicale internationale, elle est dédiée aux musiques et aux cultures urbaines du monde entier (Rap, R&B, Hip-Hop, Pop, Rai, Naija, Olschool etc.) ciblant un public très large. D5Music entend devenir la chaîne référence musicale des 5 continents","sources":["http://51.158.31.93:1935/devtv/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://image.winudf.com/v2/image/YTVjZW50cy5hMmlfc2NyZWVuXzVfMTUxNTk5NTEyNl8wNTQ/screen-5.jpg?fakeurl=1&type=.jpg","title":"A2i / naija Music"},{"description":"BOK TV is an online and public access variety show and the show's log line what would happen if In Living Color and The Daily Show had a bastard child! BOKTV is what would happen and he show is split into segments: MONOLOGUE, SKETCH, ROUND TABLE, COMMERCIAL, BLACK TWITTER. create a platform of discourse that encourages exchange as opposed to polarity, and to showcase the talents of the host and other cast members.","sources":["http://boktv.interworks.in:1935/live/boktv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://bokradio.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/button_cameratv.jpg","title":"BOK TV"},{"description":"Salt TV is a Christian television channel station from Uganda. Salt TV is based in Kampala. Matthew 5:13-16 (NKJV) Believers Are Salt and Light 13 You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt loses its flavor, how shall it be seasoned? It is then good for nothing but to be thrown out and trampled underfoot by men.","sources":["http://dcunilive38-lh.akamaihd.net/i/dclive_1@692676/index_150_av-p.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.saltmedia.ug/images/NOV/SALT-TV.jpg","title":"Salt TV/ Uganda"},{"description":"TFM is Senegal’s privately-owned television channel.Owned by Senegalese musician Youssou N Dour, who owns a major media group in Dakar.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/tfm_senegal.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eyo4UyKqjlI/WWTobvXxLqI/AAAAAAAAB_g/BFn1KiR6vcYQMilgX4nWhGJHbHMEP_l0ACLcBGAs/s1600/tfm%2Bsenegal.png","title":"TFM TV/ Senegal"},{"description":"Africa tv1 est une télévision africaine qui travaille pour aider les peuples a se communiquer avec DIEU et surtout sensibiliser les Africains musulmans de partout.","sources":["http://africatv.live.net.sa:1935/live/africatv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.africagroup.tv/img/bgTV1.png","title":"Africa TV 1"},{"description":"Africa tv2 est une télévision africaine qui travaille pour aider les peuples a se communiquer avec DIEU et surtout sensibiliser les Africains musulmans de partout.","sources":["http://africatv.live.net.sa:1935/live/africatv2/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.africagroup.tv/img/bgTV2.png","title":"Africa TV 2"},{"description":"Africa tv3 est une télévision africaine qui travaille pour aider les peuples a se communiquer avec DIEU et surtout sensibiliser les Africains de langue haoussa.","sources":["http://africatv.live.net.sa:1935/live/africatv3/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.africagroup.tv/img/bgTV3.png","title":"Africa TV 3"},{"description":"La télévision nationale tunisienne 1 est la chaîne publique nationale tunisienne. Il a été officiellement lancé le 31 mai 1966, mais diffuse des programmes pilotes de manière irrégulière depuis octobre 1965, puis régulièrement depuis janvier 1966 et s’appelle la radio et la télévision tunisienne (ATT). Elle est devenue Channel 7 en 1992 et Tunisia 7 en 1997, mais elle est restée une filiale de la Société tunisienne de radio et de télévision jusqu’en 2008, a conservé le siège qu’elle partageait et la Société tunisienne de télévision avec ses chaînes de télévision nationales tunisiennes et La Tunisie 21 plus tard connue sous le nom de Télévision nationale tunisienne 2 est devenue son nouveau siège. Après le déclenchement de la révolution populaire tunisienne et la défection de zine El Abidine Ben Ali du pays, il est devenu Télévision nationale tunisienne.","sources":["http://54.36.122.126/tunisie1.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel.","thumb":"https://www.histoiredesfax.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Television-nationale-watania.jpg","title":"TUNISIA 1"},{"description":"Sahel TV est la plateforme unique, ouverte à la société civile, aux citoyens et à l'autorité locale de la ville et de sa région pour leur permettre de s’exprimer librement, proposer leurs idées et accéder à toutes les informations économiques, environnementale, culturelle, sportive. Vos idées et vos propositions sont les bienvenues.","sources":["http://142.44.214.231:1935/saheltv/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://mobiletv.mobibase.com/html/logo/hd/channel_ld_747.png","title":"SAHEL TV / Tunisie"},{"description":"NIGERIA TELEVISION AUTORTEAutorité a commencé sous le nom de Western Nigerian Television Services (WNTV), qui a transmis ses premiers signaux au peuple nigérian et à toute l'Afrique le 31 octobre 1959. Au début de 1962, les trois gouvernements régionaux qui existaient au Nigéria avaient mis en place le Service de télévision nigérian (NTS). Télévision ont été créés et en 1976, l'Autorité de la télévision nigériane est née en tant que seule entité responsable de Diffusion télévisée au Nigéria.","sources":["http://54.38.93.93/nta.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://static.squarespace.com/static/53d2a092e4b0125510bfe57d/53d2a2c6e4b018cd23e33d7b/53d2a2c6e4b018cd23e33f6f/1362042333867/1000w/nta.jpg","title":"NTA TV / Nigeria"},{"description":"ESPACE TV est une télévision basée à Conakry dans la commune de Matoto Kondeboungny au bord de l'autoroute Fidèle Castro (République de Guinée). La télé diffuse des informations du pays et du monde en temps réel. Des magazines axés sur les réalités des terroirs et des séries de divertissement. Détenue par le groupe Hadafo Médias, cette chaîne est la première du pays en terme d'audience; selon le rapport de Stat view international en 2019.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/espacetv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ric-bS2gzvt-UyrhBIEdWENN9U-fL9Bnlhv12GEYSzSkZFWEIr7hc74k83kfLPqZDk0","title":"Espace TV / Guinée"},{"description":" Movies Now is an Indian high-definition television channel featuring Hollywood films. It was launched on 19 December 2010 with a picture quality of 1080i and 5.1 surround sound. The channel is owned by The Times Group. It has exclusive content licensing from films produced or distributed by MGM and has content licensing from Universal Studios, Walt Disney Studios, Marvel Studios, 20th Century Studios, Warner Bros and Paramount Pictures.","sources":["https://timesnow.airtel.tv/live/MN_pull/master.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/Movies_Now_logo.png","title":"Movies Now HD"},{"description":"Tunisie Immobilier TV, la première chaîne de l’immobilier en Tunisie Vous présente toutes les semaines, les actualités immobilières et économiques en Tunisie et dans le monde à travers des reportages.contact; E-mail:tunisieimmob@planet.tn/ Tel:(+216) 71 894500.","sources":["https://5ac31d8a4c9af.streamlock.net/tunimmob/myStream/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i2.wp.com/www.tunisieimmobiliertv.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/fb.jpg?fit=1024%2C500&ssl=1","title":"Tunisie Immobilier TV"}]}]}
TusKANNy / TachiomOfficial repository of TACHIOM.
rick2785 / JavaCodeI specifically cover the following topics: Java primitive data types, declaration statements, expression statements, importing class libraries, excepting user input, checking for valid input, catching errors in input, math functions, if statement, relational operators, logical operators, ternary operator, switch statement, and looping. How class variables differ from local variables, Java Exception handling, the difference between run time and checked exceptions, Arrays, and UML Diagrams. Monsters gameboard, Java collection classes, Java ArrayLists, Linked Lists, manipulating Strings and StringBuilders, Polymorphism, Inheritance, Protected, Final, Instanceof, interfaces, abstract classes, abstract methods. You need interfaces and abstract classes because Java doesn't allow you to inherit from more than one other class. Java threads, Regular Expressions, Graphical User Interfaces (GUI) using Java Swing and its components, GUI Event Handling, ChangeListener, JOptionPane, combo boxes, list boxes, JLists, DefaultListModel, using JScrollpane with JList, JSpinner, JTree, Flow, Border, and Box Layout Managers. Created a calculator layout with Java Swing's GridLayout, GridBagLayout, GridBagConstraints, Font, and Insets. JLabel, JTextField, JComboBox, JSpinner, JSlider, JRadioButton, ButtonGroup, JCheckBox, JTextArea, JScrollPane, ChangeListener, pack, create and delete files and directories. How to pull lists of files from directories and manipulate them, write to and read character streams from files. PrintWriter, BufferedWriter, FileWriter, BufferedReader, FileReader, common file exceptions Binary Streams - DataOutputStream, FileOutputStream, BufferedOutputStream, all of the reading and writing primitive type methods, setup Java JDBC in Eclipse, connect to a MySQL database, query it and get the results of a query. JTables, JEditorPane Swing component. HyperlinkEvent and HyperlinkListener. Java JApplet, Java Servlets with Tomcat, GET and POST methods, Java Server Pages, parsing XML with Java, Java XPath, JDOM2 library, and 2D graphics. *Created a Java Paint Application using swing, events, mouse events, Graphics2D, ArrayList *Designed a Java Video Game like Asteroids with collision detection and shooting torpedos which also played sound in a JFrame, and removed items from the screen when they were destroyed. Rotating polygons, and Making Java Executable. Model View Controller (MVC) The Model is the class that contains the data and the methods needed to use the data. The View is the interface. The Controller coordinates interactions between the Model and View. DESIGN PATTERNS: Strategy design patternis used if you need to dynamically change an algorithm used by an object at run time. The pattern also allows you to eliminate code duplication. It separates behavior from super and subclasses. The Observer pattern is a software design pattern in which an object, called the subject (Publisher), maintains a list of its dependents, called observers (Subscribers), and notifies them automatically of any state changes, usually by calling one of their methods. The Factory design pattern is used when you want to define the class of an object at runtime. It also allows you to encapsulate object creation so that you can keep all object creation code in one place The Abstract Factory Design Pattern is like a factory, but everything is encapsulated. The Singleton pattern is used when you want to eliminate the option of instantiating more than one object. (Scrabble letters app) The Builder Design Pattern is used when you want to have many classes help in the creation of an object. By having different classes build the object you can then easily create many different types of objects without being forced to rewrite code. The Builder pattern provides a different way to make complex objects like you'd make using the Abstract Factory design pattern. The Prototype design pattern is used for creating new objects (instances) by cloning (copying) other objects. It allows for the adding of any subclass instance of a known super class at run time. It is used when there are numerous potential classes that you want to only use if needed at runtime. The major benefit of using the Prototype pattern is that it reduces the need for creating potentially unneeded subclasses. Java Reflection is an API and it's used to manipulate classes and everything in a class including fields, methods, constructors, private data, etc. (TestingReflection.java) The Decorator allows you to modify an object dynamically. You would use it when you want the capabilities of inheritance with subclasses, but you need to add functionality at run time. It is more flexible than inheritance. The Decorator Design Pattern simplifies code because you add functionality using many simple classes. Also, rather than rewrite old code you can extend it with new code and that is always good. (Pizza app) The Command design pattern allows you to store a list of commands for later use. With it you can store multiple commands in a class to use over and over. (ElectronicDevice app) The Adapter pattern is used when you want to translate one interface of a class into another interface. Allows 2 incompatible interfaces to work together. It allows the use of the available interface and the target interface. Any class can work together as long as the Adapter solves the issue that all classes must implement every method defined by the shared interface. (EnemyAttacker app) The Facade pattern basically says that you should simplify your methods so that much of what is done is in the background. In technical terms you should decouple the client from the sub components needed to perform an operation. (Bank app) The Bridge Pattern is used to decouple an abstraction from its implementation so that the two can vary independently. Progressively adding functionality while separating out major differences using abstract classes. (EntertainmentDevice app) In a Template Method pattern, you define a method (algorithm) in an abstract class. It contains both abstract methods and non-abstract methods. The subclasses that extend this abstract class then override those methods that don't make sense for them to use in the default way. (Sandwich app) The Iterator pattern provides you with a uniform way to access different collections of Objects. You can also write polymorphic code because you can refer to each collection of objects because they'll implement the same interface. (SongIterator app) The Composite design pattern is used to structure data into its individual parts as well as represent the inner workings of every part of a larger object. The composite pattern also allows you to treat both groups of parts in the same way as you treat the parts polymorphically. You can structure data, or represent the inner working of every part of a whole object individually. (SongComponent app) The flyweight design pattern is used to dramatically increase the speed of your code when you are using many similar objects. To reduce memory usage the flyweight design pattern shares Objects that are the same rather than creating new ones. (FlyWeightTest app) State Pattern allows an object to alter its behavior when its internal state changes. The object will appear to change its class. (ATMState) The Proxy design pattern limits access to just the methods you want made accessible in another class. It can be used for security reasons, because an Object is intensive to create, or is accessed from a remote location. You can think of it as a gate keeper that blocks access to another Object. (TestATMMachine) The Chain of Responsibility pattern has a group of objects that are expected to between them be able to solve a problem. If the first Object can't solve it, it passes the data to the next Object in the chain. (TestCalcChain) The Interpreter pattern is used to convert one representation of data into another. The context cantains the information that will be interpreted. The expression is an abstract class that defines all the methods needed to perform the different conversions. The terminal or concrete expressions provide specific conversions on different types of data. (MeasurementConversion) The Mediator design pattern is used to handle communication between related objects (Colleagues). All communication is handled by a Mediator Object and the Colleagues don't need to know anything about each other to work together. (TestStockMediator) The Memento design pattern provides a way to store previous states of an Object easily. It has 3 main classes: 1) Memento: The basic object that is stored in different states. 2) Originator: Sets and Gets values from the currently targeted Memento. Creates new Mementos and assigns current values to them. 3) Caretaker: Holds an ArrayList that contains all previous versions of the Memento. It can store and retrieve stored Mementos. (TestMemento) The Visitor design pattern allows you to add methods to classes of different types without much altering to those classes. You can make completely different methods depending on the class used with this pattern. (VisitorTest)
ShelvanLee / XFEM# XFEM_Fracture2D ### Description This is a Matlab program that can be used to solve fracture problems involving arbitrary multiple crack propagations in a 2D linear-elastic solid based on the principle of minimum potential energy. The extended finite element method is used to discretise the solid continuum considering cracks as discontinuities in the displacement field. To this end, a strong discontinuity enrichment and a square-root singular crack tip enrichment are used to describe each crack. Several crack growth criteria are available to determine the evolution of cracks over time; apart from the classic maximum tension (or hoop-stress) criterion, the minimum total energy criterion and the local symmetry criterion are implemented implicitly with respect to the discrete time-stepping. ### Key features * *Fast:* The stiffness matrix and the force vector (i.e. the equations' system) and the enrichment tracking data structures are updated at each time step only with respect to the changes in the fracture topology. This ultimately results in the major part of the computational expense in the solution to the linear system of equations rather than in the post-processing of the solution or in the assembly and updating of the equations. As Matlab offers fast and robust direct solvers, the computational times are reasonably fast. * *Robust.* Suitable for multiple crack propagations with intersections. Furthermore, the stress intensity factors are computed robustly via the interaction integral approach (with the inclusion of the terms to account for crack surface pressure, residual stresses or strains). The minimum total energy criterion and the principle of local symmetry are implemented implicitly in time. The energy release rates are computed based on the stiffness derivative approach using algebraic differentiation (rather than finite differencing of the potential energy). On the other hand, the crack growth direction based on the local symmetry criterion is determined such that the local mode-II stress intensity factor vanishes; the change in a crack tip kink angle is approximated using the ratio of the crack tip stress intensity factors. * *Easy to run.* Each job has its own input files which are independent form those of all other jobs. The code especially lends itself to running parametric studies. Various results can be saved relating to the fracture geometry, fracture mechanics parameters, and the elastic fields in the solid domain. Extensive visualisation library is available for plotting results. ### Instructions 1. Get started by running the demo to showcase some of the capabilities of the program and to determine if it can be useful for you. At the Matlab's command line enter: ```Matlab >> RUN_JOBS.m ``` This will execute a series of jobs located inside the *jobs directory* `./JOBS_LIBRARY/`. These jobs do not take very long to execute (around 5 minutes in total). 2. Subsequently, you can pick one of the jobs inside `./JOBS_LIBRARY/` by defining the job title: ```Matlab >> job_title = 'several_cracks/edge/vertical_tension' ``` 3. Then you can open all the relevant scripts for this job as follows: ```Matlab >> open_job ``` The following input scripts for the *job* will be open in the Matlab's editor: 1. `JOB_MAIN.m`: This is the job's main script. It is called when executing `RUN_JOB` (or `RUN_JOBS`) and acts like a wrapper. Notably, it can serve as a convenient interface to run parametric studies and to save intermediate simulation results. 2. `Input_Scope.m`: This defines the scope of the simulation. From which crack growth criteria to use, to what to compute and what results to show via plots and/or movies. To put it simply, the script is a bunch of "switches" that tell the program what the user wants to be done. 3. `Input_Material.m`: Defines the material's elastic properties in different regions or layers (called "phases") of the computational domain. Moreover, it defines the fracture toughness of the material (assumed to be constant in all material phases). 4. `Input_Crack.m`: Defines the initial crack geometry. 5. `Input_BC.m`: Defines boundary conditions, such as displacements, tractions, crack surface pressure (assumed to be constant in all cracks), body loads (e.g. gravity, pre-stress or pre-strain). 6. `Mesh_make.m`: In-house structured mesh generator for rectangular domains using either linear triangle or bilinear quadrilateral elements. It is possible to mesh horizontal layers using different mesh sizes. 7. `Mesh_read.m`: Gmsh based mesh reader for version-1 mesh files. Of course you can use your own mesh reader provided the output variables are of the correct format (see later). 8. `Mesh_file.m`: Specifies the mesh input file (.msh). At the moment, only Gmsh mesh files of version-1 are allowed. ### Mesh_file.m A mesh file needs to be able to output the following data or variables: * `mNdCrd`: Node coordinates, size = `[nNdStd, 2]` * `mLNodS`: Element connectivities, size = `[nElemn,nLNodS]` * `vElPhz`: Element material phase (or region) ID's, size = `[nElemn,1]` * `cBCNod`: cell of boundary nodes, cell size = `{nBound,1}`, cell element size = `[nBnNod,2]` Example mesh files are located in `./JOBS_LIBRARY/`. Gmsh version-1 file format is described [here](http://www.manpagez.com/info/gmsh/gmsh-2.4.0/gmsh_60.php). ### Additional notes * global variables are defined in `.\Routines_AuxInput\Declare_Global.m` * External libraries are `.\Other_Libs\distmesh` and `.\Other_Libs\mesh2d` ### References Two external meshing libraries are used for the local mesh refinement and remeshing at the crack tip during crack propagation or prior to a crack intersection with another crack or with a boundary of the domain. Specifically, these libraries, which are located in `.\Other_Libs\`, are the following: * [*mesh2d*](https://people.sc.fsu.edu/~jburkardt/m_src/mesh2d/mesh2d.html) by Darren Engwirda * [*distmesh*](http://persson.berkeley.edu/distmesh/) by Per-Olof Persson and Gilbert Strang. ### Issues and Support For support or questions please email [sutula.danas@gmail.com](mailto:sutula.danas@gmail.com). ### Authors Danas Sutula, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg. If you find this code useful, we kindly ask that you consider citing us. * [Minimum energy multiple crack propagation](http://hdl.handle.net/10993/29414)
DeployQL / LintDBVector Database with support for late interaction and token level embeddings.
jin530 / MelBERTThis is official code for the NAACL 2021 paper: "MelBERT: Metaphor Detection via Contextualized Late Interaction usingMetaphorical Identification Theories".
SOYJUN / TCP Socket Client ServerThe aim of this assignment is to have you do TCP socket client / server programming using I/O multiplexing, child processes and threads. It also aims at getting you to familiarize yourselves with the inetd superserver daemon, the ‘exec’ family of functions, various socket error scenarios, some socket options, and some basic domain name / IP address conversion functions. Apart from the material in Chapters 1 to 6 covered in class, you will also need to refer to the following : the exec family of functions (Section 4.7 of Chapter 4) using pipes for interprocess communication (IPC) in Unix error scenarios induced by process terminations & host crashes (Sections 5.11 to 5.16, Chapter 5) setsockopt function & SO_REUSEADDR socket option (Section 7.2 & pp.210-213, Chapter 7) gethostbyname & gethostbyaddr functions (Sections 11.3 & 11.4, Chapter 11) the basic structure of inetd (Section 13.5, Chapter 13) programming with threads (Sections 26.1 to 26.5, Chapter 26) Overview I shall present an overview of this assignment and discuss some of the specification details given below in class on Wednesday, September 17 & Monday, September 22. Client The client is evoked with a command line argument giving either the server IP address in dotted decimal notation, or the server domain name. The client has to be able to handle either mode and figure out which of the two is being passed to it. If it is given the IP address, it calls the gethostbyaddr function to get the domain name, which it then prints out to the user in the form of an appropriate message (e.g., ‘The server host is compserv1.cs.stonybrook.edu’). The function gethostbyname, on the other hand, returns the IP address that corresponds to a given domain name. The client then enters an infinite loop in which it queries the user which service is being requested. There are two options : echo and time (note that time is a slightly modified version of the daytime service – see below). The client then forks off a child. After the child is forked off, the parent process enters a second loop in which it continually reads and prints out status messages received from the child via a half-duplex pipe (see below). The parent exits the second loop when the child closes the pipe (how does the parent detect this?), and/or the SIGCHLD signal is generated when the child terminates. The parent then repeats the outer loop, querying the user again for the (next) service s/he desires. This cycle continues till the user responds to a query with quit rather than echo or time. The child process is the one which handles the actual service for the user. It execs (see Section 4.7, Chapter 4) an xterm to generate a separate window through which all interactions with server and user take place. For example, the following exec function call evokes an xterm, and gets the xterm to execute echocli, located in the current directory, passing the string 127.0.0.1 (assumed to be the IP address of the server) as the command line argument argv[1] to echocli (click on the url for further details) : execlp("xterm", "xterm", "-e", "./echocli", "127.0.0.1", (char *) 0) xterm executes one of two client programs (echocli or timecli, say) depending on the service requested. A client program establishes a TCP connection to the server at the ‘well-known port’ for the service (in reality, this port will, of course, be some ephemeral port of your choosing, the value of which is known to both server and client code). All interaction with the user, on the one hand, and with the server, on the other, takes place through the child’s xterm window, not the parent’s window. On the other hand, the child will use a half-duplex pipe to relay status information to the parent which the parent prints out in its window (see below).To terminate the echo client, the user can type in ^D (CTRL D, the EOF character). To terminate the time client, the only option is for the user to type in ^C (CTRL C). (This can also be used as an alternative means of terminating the echo client.) Note that using ^C in the context of the time service will give the server process the impression that the client process has ‘crashed’. It is your responsibility to ensure that the server process handles this correctly and closes cleanly. I shall address this further when discussing the server process. It is also part of your responsibility in this assignment to ensure that the client code is robust with respect to the server process crashing (see Sections 5.12 & 5.13, Chapter 5). Amongst other implications, this means that it would probably be a good idea for you to implement your echo client code along the lines of either : Figure 6.9, p.168 (or even Figure 6.13, p.174) which uses I/O multiplexing with the select function; or of Figure 26.2, p.680, which uses threads; rather than along the lines of Figure 5.5, p.125. When the child terminates, either normally or abnormally, its xterm window disappears instantaneously. Consequently, any status information that the child might want to communicate to the user should not be printed out on the child’s xterm window, since the user will not have time to see the final such message before the window disappears. Instead, as the parent forks off the child at the beginning, a half-duplex pipe should be established from child to parent. The child uses the pipe to send status reports to the parent, which the parent prints out in its window. I leave it up to you to decide what status information exactly should be relayed to the parent but, at a minimum, the parent should certainly be notified, in as precise terms as possible, of any abnormal termination conditions of the service provided by the child. In general, you should try to make your code as robust as possible with respect to handling errors, including confused behaviour by the user (e.g., passing an invalid command line argument; responding to a query incorrectly; trying to interact with the service through the parent process window, not the child process xterm; etc.). Amongst other things, you have to worry about EINTR errors occurring during slow system calls (such as the parent reading from the pipe, or, possibly, printing to stdout, for example) due to a SIGCHLD signal. What about other kinds of errors? Which ones can occur? How should you handle them? Server The server has to be able to handle multiple clients using threads (specifically, detached threads), not child processes (see Sections 26.1 to 26.4, Chapter 26). Furthermore, it has to be able to handle multiple types of service; in our case, two : echo and time. echo is just the standard echo service we have seen in class. time is a slightly modified version of the daytime service (see Figure 1.9, p.14) : instead of sending the client the ‘daytime’ just once and closing, the service sits in an infinite loop, sending the ‘daytime’, sleeping for 5 seconds, and repeating, ad infinitum. The server is loosely based on the way the inetd daemon works : see Figure 13.7, p.374. However, note that the differences between inetd and our server are probably more significant than the similarities: inetd forks off children, whereas our server uses threads; inetd child processes issue exec commands, which our server threads do not; etc. So you should treat Figure 13.7 (and Section 13.5, Chapter 13, generally) as a source of ideas, not as a set of specifications which you must slavishly adhere to and copy. Note, by the way, that there are some similarities between our client and inetd (primarily, forking off children which issue execs), which could be a useful source of ideas. The server creates a listening socket for each type of service that it handles, bound to the ‘well-known port’ for that service. It then uses select to await clients (Chapter 6; or, if you prefer, poll; note that pselect is not supported in Solaris 2.10). The socket on which a client connects identifies the service the client is seeking. The server accepts the connection and creates a thread which provides the service. The thread detaches itself. Meanwhile, the main thread goes back to the select to await further clients. A major concern when using threads is to make sure that operations are thread safe (see p.685 and on into Section 26.5). In this respect, Stevens’ readline function (in Stevens’ file unpv13e/lib/readline.c, see Figure 3.18, pp.91-92) poses a particular problem. On p.686, the authors give three options for dealing with this. The third option is too inefficient and should be discarded. You can implement the second option if you wish. Easiest of all would be the first option, since it involves using a thread-safe version of readline (see Figures 26.11 & 26.12) provided in file unpv13e/threads/readline.c. Whatever you do, remember that Stevens’ library, libunp.a, contains the non-thread-safe version of Figure 3.18, and that is the version that will be link-loaded to your code unless you undertake explicit steps to ensure this does not happen (libunp.a also contains the ‘wrapper’ function Readline, whose code is also in file unpv13e/lib/readline.c). Remaking your copy of libunp.a with the ‘correct’ version of readline is not a viable option because when you hand in your code, it will be compiled and link-loaded with respect to the version of libunp.a in the course account, ~cse533/Stevens/unpv13e_solaris2.10 (I do not intend to change that version since it risks creating confusion later on in the course). Also, you will probably want to use the original version of readline in the client code anyway. I am providing you with a sample Makefile which picks up the thread-safe version of readline from directory ~cse533/Stevens/unpv13e_solaris2.10/threads and uses it when making the executable for the server, but leaves the other executables it makes to link-load the non-thread-safe version from libunp.a. Again, it is part of your responsibility to make sure that your server code is as robust as possible with respect to errors, and that the server threads terminate cleanly under all circumstances. Recall, first of all, that the client user will often use ^C (CTRL C) in the xterm to terminate the service. This will appear to the server thread as if the client process has crashed. You need to think about the error conditions that will be induced (see Sections 5.11 to 5.13, Chapter 5), and how the echo and time server code is to detect and handle these conditions. For example, the time server will almost certainly experience an EPIPE error (see Section 5.13). How should the associated SIGPIPE signal be handled? Be aware that when we return out of the Stevens’ writen function with -1 (indicating an error) and check errno, errno is sometimes equal to 0, not EPIPE (value 32). This can happen under Solaris 2.10, but I am not sure under precisely what conditions nor why. Nor am I sure if it also happens under other Unix versions, or if it also happens when using write rather than writen. The point is, you cannot depend on errno to find out what has happened to the write or writen functions. My suggestion, therefore, is that the time server should use the select function. On the one hand, select’s timeout mechanism can be used to make the server sleep for the 5 seconds. On the other hand, select should also monitor the connection socket read event because, when the client xterm is ^C’ed, a FIN will be sent to the server TCP, which will prime the socket for reading; a read on the socket will then return with value 0 (see Figure 14.3, p. 385 as an example). But what about errors other than EPIPE? Which ones can occur? How should you handle them? Recall, as well, that if a thread terminates without explicitly closing the connection socket it has been using, the connection socket will remain existent until the server process itself dies (why?). Since the server process is supposed, in principle, to run for ever, you risk ending up with an ever increasing number of unused, ‘orphaned’ sockets unless you are careful. Whenever a server thread detects the termination of its client, it should print out a message giving appropriate details: e.g., “Client termination: EPIPE error detected”, “Client termination: socket read returned with value 0”, “Client termination: socket read returned with value -1, errno = . . .”, and so on. When debugging your server code, you will probably find that restarting the server very shortly after it was last running will give you trouble when it comes to bind to its ‘well-known ports’. This is because, when the server side initiates connection termination (which is what will happen if the server process crashes; or if you kill it first, before killing the client) TCP keeps the connections open in the TIME_WAIT state for 2MSLs (Sections 2.6 & 2.7, Chapter 2). This could very quickly become a major irritant. I suggest you explore the possibility of using the SO_REUSEADDR socket option (pp.210-213, Chapter 7; note that the SO_REUSEPORT socket option is not supported in Solaris 2.10), which should help keep the stress level down. You will need to use the setsockopt function (Section 7.2) to enable this option. Figure 8.24, p.263, shows an instance of server code that sets the SO_REUSEADDR socket option. Finally, you should be aware of the sort of problem, described in Section 16.6, pp.461-463, that might occur when (blocking) listening sockets are monitored using select. Such sockets should be made nonblocking, which requires use of the fcntl function after socket creates the socket, but before listen turns the socket into a listening socket.
Aryia-Behroziuan / Other SourcesAsada, M.; Hosoda, K.; Kuniyoshi, Y.; Ishiguro, H.; Inui, T.; Yoshikawa, Y.; Ogino, M.; Yoshida, C. (2009). "Cognitive developmental robotics: a survey". IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development. 1 (1): 12–34. doi:10.1109/tamd.2009.2021702. S2CID 10168773. "ACM Computing Classification System: Artificial intelligence". ACM. 1998. Archived from the original on 12 October 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Goodman, Joanna (2016). Robots in Law: How Artificial Intelligence is Transforming Legal Services (1st ed.). Ark Group. ISBN 978-1-78358-264-8. Archived from the original on 8 November 2016. Retrieved 7 November 2016. Albus, J. S. (2002). "4-D/RCS: A Reference Model Architecture for Intelligent Unmanned Ground Vehicles" (PDF). In Gerhart, G.; Gunderson, R.; Shoemaker, C. (eds.). Proceedings of the SPIE AeroSense Session on Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology. Unmanned Ground Vehicle Technology IV. 3693. pp. 11–20. Bibcode:2002SPIE.4715..303A. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.15.14. doi:10.1117/12.474462. S2CID 63339739. Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 July 2004. Aleksander, Igor (1995). Artificial Neuroconsciousness: An Update. IWANN. Archived from the original on 2 March 1997. BibTex Archived 2 March 1997 at the Wayback Machine. Bach, Joscha (2008). "Seven Principles of Synthetic Intelligence". In Wang, Pei; Goertzel, Ben; Franklin, Stan (eds.). Artificial General Intelligence, 2008: Proceedings of the First AGI Conference. IOS Press. pp. 63–74. ISBN 978-1-58603-833-5. Archived from the original on 8 July 2016. Retrieved 16 February 2016. "Robots could demand legal rights". BBC News. 21 December 2006. Archived from the original on 15 October 2019. Retrieved 3 February 2011. Brooks, Rodney (1990). "Elephants Don't Play Chess" (PDF). Robotics and Autonomous Systems. 6 (1–2): 3–15. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.588.7539. doi:10.1016/S0921-8890(05)80025-9. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 August 2007. Brooks, R. A. (1991). "How to build complete creatures rather than isolated cognitive simulators". In VanLehn, K. (ed.). Architectures for Intelligence. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. pp. 225–239. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.52.9510. Buchanan, Bruce G. (2005). "A (Very) Brief History of Artificial Intelligence" (PDF). AI Magazine: 53–60. Archived from the original (PDF) on 26 September 2007. Butler, Samuel (13 June 1863). "Darwin among the Machines". Letters to the Editor. The Press. Christchurch, New Zealand. Archived from the original on 19 September 2008. Retrieved 16 October 2014 – via Victoria University of Wellington. Clark, Jack (8 December 2015). "Why 2015 Was a Breakthrough Year in Artificial Intelligence". Bloomberg News. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 23 November 2016. After a half-decade of quiet breakthroughs in artificial intelligence, 2015 has been a landmark year. Computers are smarter and learning faster than ever. "AI set to exceed human brain power". CNN. 26 July 2006. Archived from the original on 19 February 2008. Dennett, Daniel (1991). Consciousness Explained. The Penguin Press. ISBN 978-0-7139-9037-9. Domingos, Pedro (2015). The Master Algorithm: How the Quest for the Ultimate Learning Machine Will Remake Our World. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-06192-1. Dowe, D. L.; Hajek, A. R. (1997). "A computational extension to the Turing Test". Proceedings of the 4th Conference of the Australasian Cognitive Science Society. Archived from the original on 28 June 2011. Dreyfus, Hubert (1972). What Computers Can't Do. New York: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-06-011082-6. Dreyfus, Hubert; Dreyfus, Stuart (1986). Mind over Machine: The Power of Human Intuition and Expertise in the Era of the Computer. Oxford, UK: Blackwell. ISBN 978-0-02-908060-3. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Dreyfus, Hubert (1992). What Computers Still Can't Do. New York: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-54067-4. Dyson, George (1998). Darwin among the Machines. Allan Lane Science. ISBN 978-0-7382-0030-9. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Edelman, Gerald (23 November 2007). "Gerald Edelman – Neural Darwinism and Brain-based Devices". Talking Robots. Archived from the original on 8 October 2009. Edelson, Edward (1991). The Nervous System. New York: Chelsea House. ISBN 978-0-7910-0464-7. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2019. Fearn, Nicholas (2007). The Latest Answers to the Oldest Questions: A Philosophical Adventure with the World's Greatest Thinkers. New York: Grove Press. ISBN 978-0-8021-1839-4. Gladwell, Malcolm (2005). Blink. New York: Little, Brown and Co. ISBN 978-0-316-17232-5. Gödel, Kurt (1951). Some basic theorems on the foundations of mathematics and their implications. Gibbs Lecture. In Feferman, Solomon, ed. (1995). Kurt Gödel: Collected Works, Vol. III: Unpublished Essays and Lectures. Oxford University Press. pp. 304–23. ISBN 978-0-19-514722-3. Haugeland, John (1985). Artificial Intelligence: The Very Idea. Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press. ISBN 978-0-262-08153-5. Hawkins, Jeff; Blakeslee, Sandra (2005). On Intelligence. New York, NY: Owl Books. ISBN 978-0-8050-7853-4. Henderson, Mark (24 April 2007). "Human rights for robots? We're getting carried away". The Times Online. London. Archived from the original on 31 May 2014. Retrieved 31 May 2014. Hernandez-Orallo, Jose (2000). "Beyond the Turing Test". Journal of Logic, Language and Information. 9 (4): 447–466. doi:10.1023/A:1008367325700. S2CID 14481982. Hernandez-Orallo, J.; Dowe, D. L. (2010). "Measuring Universal Intelligence: Towards an Anytime Intelligence Test". Artificial Intelligence. 174 (18): 1508–1539. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.295.9079. doi:10.1016/j.artint.2010.09.006. Hinton, G. E. (2007). "Learning multiple layers of representation". Trends in Cognitive Sciences. 11 (10): 428–434. doi:10.1016/j.tics.2007.09.004. PMID 17921042. S2CID 15066318. Hofstadter, Douglas (1979). Gödel, Escher, Bach: an Eternal Golden Braid. New York, NY: Vintage Books. ISBN 978-0-394-74502-2. Holland, John H. (1975). Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems. University of Michigan Press. ISBN 978-0-262-58111-0. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 17 December 2019. Howe, J. (November 1994). "Artificial Intelligence at Edinburgh University: a Perspective". Archived from the original on 15 May 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Hutter, M. (2012). "One Decade of Universal Artificial Intelligence". Theoretical Foundations of Artificial General Intelligence. Atlantis Thinking Machines. 4. pp. 67–88. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.228.8725. doi:10.2991/978-94-91216-62-6_5. ISBN 978-94-91216-61-9. S2CID 8888091. Kahneman, Daniel; Slovic, D.; Tversky, Amos (1982). Judgment under uncertainty: Heuristics and biases. Science. 185. New York: Cambridge University Press. pp. 1124–31. doi:10.1126/science.185.4157.1124. ISBN 978-0-521-28414-1. PMID 17835457. S2CID 143452957. Kaplan, Andreas; Haenlein, Michael (2019). "Siri, Siri in my Hand, who's the Fairest in the Land? On the Interpretations, Illustrations and Implications of Artificial Intelligence". Business Horizons. 62: 15–25. doi:10.1016/j.bushor.2018.08.004. Katz, Yarden (1 November 2012). "Noam Chomsky on Where Artificial Intelligence Went Wrong". The Atlantic. Archived from the original on 28 February 2019. Retrieved 26 October 2014. "Kismet". MIT Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Humanoid Robotics Group. Archived from the original on 17 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014. Koza, John R. (1992). Genetic Programming (On the Programming of Computers by Means of Natural Selection). MIT Press. Bibcode:1992gppc.book.....K. ISBN 978-0-262-11170-6. Kolata, G. (1982). "How can computers get common sense?". Science. 217 (4566): 1237–1238. Bibcode:1982Sci...217.1237K. doi:10.1126/science.217.4566.1237. PMID 17837639. Kumar, Gulshan; Kumar, Krishan (2012). "The Use of Artificial-Intelligence-Based Ensembles for Intrusion Detection: A Review". Applied Computational Intelligence and Soft Computing. 2012: 1–20. doi:10.1155/2012/850160. Kurzweil, Ray (1999). The Age of Spiritual Machines. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-670-88217-5. Kurzweil, Ray (2005). The Singularity is Near. Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-670-03384-3. Lakoff, George; Núñez, Rafael E. (2000). Where Mathematics Comes From: How the Embodied Mind Brings Mathematics into Being. Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-03771-1. Langley, Pat (2011). "The changing science of machine learning". Machine Learning. 82 (3): 275–279. doi:10.1007/s10994-011-5242-y. Law, Diane (June 1994). Searle, Subsymbolic Functionalism and Synthetic Intelligence (Technical report). University of Texas at Austin. p. AI94-222. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.38.8384. Legg, Shane; Hutter, Marcus (15 June 2007). A Collection of Definitions of Intelligence (Technical report). IDSIA. arXiv:0706.3639. Bibcode:2007arXiv0706.3639L. 07-07. Lenat, Douglas; Guha, R. V. (1989). Building Large Knowledge-Based Systems. Addison-Wesley. ISBN 978-0-201-51752-1. Lighthill, James (1973). "Artificial Intelligence: A General Survey". Artificial Intelligence: a paper symposium. Science Research Council. Lucas, John (1961). "Minds, Machines and Gödel". In Anderson, A.R. (ed.). Minds and Machines. Archived from the original on 19 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. Lungarella, M.; Metta, G.; Pfeifer, R.; Sandini, G. (2003). "Developmental robotics: a survey". Connection Science. 15 (4): 151–190. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.83.7615. doi:10.1080/09540090310001655110. S2CID 1452734. Maker, Meg Houston (2006). "AI@50: AI Past, Present, Future". Dartmouth College. Archived from the original on 3 January 2007. Retrieved 16 October 2008. Markoff, John (16 February 2011). "Computer Wins on 'Jeopardy!': Trivial, It's Not". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 22 October 2014. Retrieved 25 October 2014. McCarthy, John; Minsky, Marvin; Rochester, Nathan; Shannon, Claude (1955). "A Proposal for the Dartmouth Summer Research Project on Artificial Intelligence". Archived from the original on 26 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007.. McCarthy, John; Hayes, P. J. (1969). "Some philosophical problems from the standpoint of artificial intelligence". Machine Intelligence. 4: 463–502. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.85.5082. Archived from the original on 10 August 2007. Retrieved 30 August 2007. McCarthy, John (12 November 2007). "What Is Artificial Intelligence?". Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Minsky, Marvin (1967). Computation: Finite and Infinite Machines. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. ISBN 978-0-13-165449-5. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2019. Minsky, Marvin (2006). The Emotion Machine. New York, NY: Simon & Schusterl. ISBN 978-0-7432-7663-4. Moravec, Hans (1988). Mind Children. Harvard University Press. ISBN 978-0-674-57616-2. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2019. Norvig, Peter (25 June 2012). "On Chomsky and the Two Cultures of Statistical Learning". Peter Norvig. Archived from the original on 19 October 2014. NRC (United States National Research Council) (1999). "Developments in Artificial Intelligence". Funding a Revolution: Government Support for Computing Research. National Academy Press. Needham, Joseph (1986). Science and Civilization in China: Volume 2. Caves Books Ltd. Newell, Allen; Simon, H. A. (1976). "Computer Science as Empirical Inquiry: Symbols and Search". Communications of the ACM. 19 (3): 113–126. doi:10.1145/360018.360022.. Nilsson, Nils (1983). "Artificial Intelligence Prepares for 2001" (PDF). AI Magazine. 1 (1). Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 August 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Presidential Address to the Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence. O'Brien, James; Marakas, George (2011). Management Information Systems (10th ed.). McGraw-Hill/Irwin. ISBN 978-0-07-337681-3. O'Connor, Kathleen Malone (1994). "The alchemical creation of life (takwin) and other concepts of Genesis in medieval Islam". University of Pennsylvania: 1–435. Archived from the original on 5 December 2019. Retrieved 27 August 2008. Oudeyer, P-Y. (2010). "On the impact of robotics in behavioral and cognitive sciences: from insect navigation to human cognitive development" (PDF). IEEE Transactions on Autonomous Mental Development. 2 (1): 2–16. doi:10.1109/tamd.2009.2039057. S2CID 6362217. Archived (PDF) from the original on 3 October 2018. Retrieved 4 June 2013. Penrose, Roger (1989). The Emperor's New Mind: Concerning Computer, Minds and The Laws of Physics. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-851973-7. Poli, R.; Langdon, W. B.; McPhee, N. F. (2008). A Field Guide to Genetic Programming. Lulu.com. ISBN 978-1-4092-0073-4. Archived from the original on 8 August 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2008 – via gp-field-guide.org.uk. Rajani, Sandeep (2011). "Artificial Intelligence – Man or Machine" (PDF). International Journal of Information Technology and Knowledge Management. 4 (1): 173–176. Archived from the original (PDF) on 18 January 2013. Ronald, E. M. A. and Sipper, M. Intelligence is not enough: On the socialization of talking machines, Minds and Machines Archived 25 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 567–576, November 2001. Ronald, E. M. A. and Sipper, M. What use is a Turing chatterbox? Archived 25 July 2020 at the Wayback Machine, Communications of the ACM, vol. 43, no. 10, pp. 21–23, October 2000. "Science". August 1982. Archived from the original on 25 July 2020. Retrieved 16 February 2016. Searle, John (1980). "Minds, Brains and Programs" (PDF). Behavioral and Brain Sciences. 3 (3): 417–457. doi:10.1017/S0140525X00005756. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 March 2019. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Searle, John (1999). Mind, language and society. New York, NY: Basic Books. ISBN 978-0-465-04521-1. OCLC 231867665. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Shapiro, Stuart C. (1992). "Artificial Intelligence". In Shapiro, Stuart C. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Artificial Intelligence (PDF) (2nd ed.). New York: John Wiley. pp. 54–57. ISBN 978-0-471-50306-4. Archived (PDF) from the original on 1 February 2016. Retrieved 29 May 2009. Simon, H. A. (1965). The Shape of Automation for Men and Management. New York: Harper & Row. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2019. Skillings, Jonathan (3 July 2006). "Getting Machines to Think Like Us". cnet. Archived from the original on 16 November 2011. Retrieved 3 February 2011. Solomonoff, Ray (1956). An Inductive Inference Machine (PDF). Dartmouth Summer Research Conference on Artificial Intelligence. Archived (PDF) from the original on 26 April 2011. Retrieved 22 March 2011 – via std.com, pdf scanned copy of the original. Later published as Solomonoff, Ray (1957). "An Inductive Inference Machine". IRE Convention Record. Section on Information Theory, part 2. pp. 56–62. Tao, Jianhua; Tan, Tieniu (2005). Affective Computing and Intelligent Interaction. Affective Computing: A Review. LNCS 3784. Springer. pp. 981–995. doi:10.1007/11573548. Tecuci, Gheorghe (March–April 2012). "Artificial Intelligence". Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Computational Statistics. 4 (2): 168–180. doi:10.1002/wics.200. Thro, Ellen (1993). Robotics: The Marriage of Computers and Machines. New York: Facts on File. ISBN 978-0-8160-2628-9. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Turing, Alan (October 1950), "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", Mind, LIX (236): 433–460, doi:10.1093/mind/LIX.236.433, ISSN 0026-4423. van der Walt, Christiaan; Bernard, Etienne (2006). "Data characteristics that determine classifier performance" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 25 March 2009. Retrieved 5 August 2009. Vinge, Vernor (1993). "The Coming Technological Singularity: How to Survive in the Post-Human Era". Vision 21: Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in the Era of Cyberspace: 11. Bibcode:1993vise.nasa...11V. Archived from the original on 1 January 2007. Retrieved 14 November 2011. Wason, P. C.; Shapiro, D. (1966). "Reasoning". In Foss, B. M. (ed.). New horizons in psychology. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 18 November 2019. Weizenbaum, Joseph (1976). Computer Power and Human Reason. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman & Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-0464-5. Weng, J.; McClelland; Pentland, A.; Sporns, O.; Stockman, I.; Sur, M.; Thelen, E. (2001). "Autonomous mental development by robots and animals" (PDF). Science. 291 (5504): 599–600. doi:10.1126/science.291.5504.599. PMID 11229402. S2CID 54131797. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 September 2013. Retrieved 4 June 2013 – via msu.edu. "Applications of AI". www-formal.stanford.edu. Archived from the original on 28 August 2016. Retrieved 25 September 2016. Further reading DH Author, 'Why Are There Still So Many Jobs? The History and Future of Workplace Automation' (2015) 29(3) Journal of Economic Perspectives 3. Boden, Margaret, Mind As Machine, Oxford University Press, 2006. Cukier, Kenneth, "Ready for Robots? How to Think about the Future of AI", Foreign Affairs, vol. 98, no. 4 (July/August 2019), pp. 192–98. George Dyson, historian of computing, writes (in what might be called "Dyson's Law") that "Any system simple enough to be understandable will not be complicated enough to behave intelligently, while any system complicated enough to behave intelligently will be too complicated to understand." (p. 197.) Computer scientist Alex Pentland writes: "Current AI machine-learning algorithms are, at their core, dead simple stupid. They work, but they work by brute force." (p. 198.) Domingos, Pedro, "Our Digital Doubles: AI will serve our species, not control it", Scientific American, vol. 319, no. 3 (September 2018), pp. 88–93. Gopnik, Alison, "Making AI More Human: Artificial intelligence has staged a revival by starting to incorporate what we know about how children learn", Scientific American, vol. 316, no. 6 (June 2017), pp. 60–65. Johnston, John (2008) The Allure of Machinic Life: Cybernetics, Artificial Life, and the New AI, MIT Press. Koch, Christof, "Proust among the Machines", Scientific American, vol. 321, no. 6 (December 2019), pp. 46–49. Christof Koch doubts the possibility of "intelligent" machines attaining consciousness, because "[e]ven the most sophisticated brain simulations are unlikely to produce conscious feelings." (p. 48.) According to Koch, "Whether machines can become sentient [is important] for ethical reasons. If computers experience life through their own senses, they cease to be purely a means to an end determined by their usefulness to... humans. Per GNW [the Global Neuronal Workspace theory], they turn from mere objects into subjects... with a point of view.... Once computers' cognitive abilities rival those of humanity, their impulse to push for legal and political rights will become irresistible – the right not to be deleted, not to have their memories wiped clean, not to suffer pain and degradation. The alternative, embodied by IIT [Integrated Information Theory], is that computers will remain only supersophisticated machinery, ghostlike empty shells, devoid of what we value most: the feeling of life itself." (p. 49.) Marcus, Gary, "Am I Human?: Researchers need new ways to distinguish artificial intelligence from the natural kind", Scientific American, vol. 316, no. 3 (March 2017), pp. 58–63. A stumbling block to AI has been an incapacity for reliable disambiguation. An example is the "pronoun disambiguation problem": a machine has no way of determining to whom or what a pronoun in a sentence refers. (p. 61.) E McGaughey, 'Will Robots Automate Your Job Away? Full Employment, Basic Income, and Economic Democracy' (2018) SSRN, part 2(3) Archived 24 May 2018 at the Wayback Machine. George Musser, "Artificial Imagination: How machines could learn creativity and common sense, among other human qualities", Scientific American, vol. 320, no. 5 (May 2019), pp. 58–63. Myers, Courtney Boyd ed. (2009). "The AI Report" Archived 29 July 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Forbes June 2009 Raphael, Bertram (1976). The Thinking Computer. W.H.Freeman and Company. ISBN 978-0-7167-0723-3. Archived from the original on 26 July 2020. Retrieved 22 August 2020. Scharre, Paul, "Killer Apps: The Real Dangers of an AI Arms Race", Foreign Affairs, vol. 98, no. 3 (May/June 2019), pp. 135–44. "Today's AI technologies are powerful but unreliable. Rules-based systems cannot deal with circumstances their programmers did not anticipate. Learning systems are limited by the data on which they were trained. AI failures have already led to tragedy. Advanced autopilot features in cars, although they perform well in some circumstances, have driven cars without warning into trucks, concrete barriers, and parked cars. In the wrong situation, AI systems go from supersmart to superdumb in an instant. When an enemy is trying to manipulate and hack an AI system, the risks are even greater." (p. 140.) Serenko, Alexander (2010). "The development of an AI journal ranking based on the revealed preference approach" (PDF). Journal of Informetrics. 4 (4): 447–459. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2010.04.001. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 24 August 2013. Serenko, Alexander; Michael Dohan (2011). "Comparing the expert survey and citation impact journal ranking methods: Example from the field of Artificial Intelligence" (PDF). Journal of Informetrics. 5 (4): 629–649. doi:10.1016/j.joi.2011.06.002. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 October 2013. Retrieved 12 September 2013. Sun, R. & Bookman, L. (eds.), Computational Architectures: Integrating Neural and Symbolic Processes. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Needham, MA. 1994. Tom Simonite (29 December 2014). "2014 in Computing: Breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence". MIT Technology Review. Tooze, Adam, "Democracy and Its Discontents", The New York Review of Books, vol. LXVI, no. 10 (6 June 2019), pp. 52–53, 56–57. "Democracy has no clear answer for the mindless operation of bureaucratic and technological power. We may indeed be witnessing its extension in the form of artificial intelligence and robotics. Likewise, after decades of dire warning, the environmental problem remains fundamentally unaddressed.... Bureaucratic overreach and environmental catastrophe are precisely the kinds of slow-moving existential challenges that democracies deal with very badly.... Finally, there is the threat du jour: corporations and the technologies they promote." (pp. 56–57.)
ejaasaari / Lemur[ICML'26] LEMUR reduces multi-vector retrieval for late interaction models such as ColBERT into regular single-vector retrieval.
