TorchGeo is a PyTorch domain library, similar to torchvision, providing datasets, samplers, transforms, and pre-trained models specific to geospatial data.

The goal of this library is to make it simple:

for machine learning experts to work with geospatial data, and
for remote sensing experts to explore machine learning solutions.

Community:

Packaging:

Testing:

Installation

The recommended way to install TorchGeo is with pip:

pip install torchgeo

For conda and spack installation instructions, see the documentation.

Documentation

You can find the documentation for TorchGeo on ReadTheDocs. This includes API documentation, contributing instructions, and several tutorials. For more details, check out our paper, blog post, and YouTube channel.

Example Usage

The following sections give basic examples of what you can do with TorchGeo.

First we'll import various classes and functions used in the following sections:

from lightning.pytorch import Trainer
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

from torchgeo.datamodules import InriaAerialImageLabelingDataModule
from torchgeo.datasets import CDL, Landsat7, Landsat8, VHR10, stack_samples
from torchgeo.samplers import RandomGeoSampler
from torchgeo.trainers import SemanticSegmentationTask

Geospatial datasets and samplers

Many remote sensing applications involve working with geospatial datasets—datasets with geographic metadata. These datasets can be challenging to work with due to the sheer variety of data. Geospatial imagery is often multispectral with a different number of spectral bands and spatial resolution for every satellite. In addition, each file may be in a different coordinate reference system (CRS), requiring the data to be reprojected into a matching CRS.

In this example, we show how easy it is to work with geospatial data and to sample small image patches from a combination of Landsat and Cropland Data Layer (CDL) data using TorchGeo. First, we assume that the user has Landsat 7 and 8 imagery downloaded. Since Landsat 8 has more spectral bands than Landsat 7, we'll only use the bands that both satellites have in common. We'll create a single dataset including all images from both Landsat 7 and 8 data by taking the union between these two datasets.

landsat7 = Landsat7(paths="...", bands=["B1", ..., "B7"])
landsat8 = Landsat8(paths="...", bands=["B2", ..., "B8"])
landsat = landsat7 | landsat8

Next, we take the intersection between this dataset and the CDL dataset. We want to take the intersection instead of the union to ensure that we only sample from regions that have both Landsat and CDL data. Note that we can automatically download and checksum CDL data. Also note that each of these datasets may contain files in different coordinate reference systems (CRS) or resolutions, but TorchGeo automatically ensures that a matching CRS and resolution is used.

cdl = CDL(paths="...", download=True, checksum=True)
dataset = landsat & cdl

This dataset can now be used with a PyTorch data loader. Unlike benchmark datasets, geospatial datasets often include very large images. For example, the CDL dataset consists of a single image covering the entire continental United States. In order to sample from these datasets using geospatial coordinates, TorchGeo defines a number of samplers. In this example, we'll use a random sampler that returns 256 x 256 pixel images and 10,000 samples per epoch. We also use a custom collation function to combine each sample dictionary into a mini-batch of samples.

sampler = RandomGeoSampler(dataset, size=256, length=10000)
dataloader = DataLoader(dataset, batch_size=128, sampler=sampler, collate_fn=stack_samples)

This data loader can now be used in your normal training/evaluation pipeline.

for batch in dataloader:
    image = batch["image"]
    mask = batch["mask"]

    # train a model, or make predictions using a pre-trained model

Many applications involve intelligently composing datasets based on geospatial metadata like this. For example, users may want to:

Combine datasets for multiple image sources and treat them as equivalent (e.g., Landsat 7 and 8)
Combine datasets for disparate geospatial locations (e.g., Chesapeake NY and PA)

These combinations require that all queries are present in at least one dataset, and can be created using a UnionDataset. Similarly, users may want to:

Combine image and target labels and sample from both simultaneously (e.g., Landsat and CDL)
Combine datasets for multiple image sources for multimodal learning or data fusion (e.g., Landsat and Sentinel)

These combinations require that all queries are present in both datasets, and can be created using an IntersectionDataset. TorchGeo automatically composes these datasets for you when you use the intersection (&) and union (|) operators.

Benchmark datasets

TorchGeo includes a number of benchmark datasets—datasets that include both input images and target labels. This includes datasets for tasks like image classification, regression, semantic segmentation, object detection, instance segmentation, change detection, and more.

If you've used torchvision before, these datasets should seem very familiar. In this example, we'll create a dataset for the Northwestern Polytechnical University (NWPU) very-high-resolution ten-class (VHR-10) geospatial object detection dataset. This dataset can be automatically downloaded, checksummed, and extracted, just like with torchvision.

from torch.utils.data import DataLoader

from torchgeo.datamodules.utils import collate_fn_detection
from torchgeo.datasets import VHR10

# Initialize the dataset
dataset = VHR10(root="...", download=True, checksum=True)

# Initialize the dataloader with the custom collate function
dataloader = DataLoader(
    dataset,
    batch_size=128,
    shuffle=True,
    num_workers=4,
    collate_fn=collate_fn_detection,
)

# Training loop
for batch in dataloader:
    image = batch["image"]  # list of images
    bbox_xyxy = batch["bbox_xyxy"]  # list of boxes
    label = batch["label"]  # list of labels
    mask = batch["mask"]  # list of masks

    # train a model, or make predictions using a pre-trained model

All TorchGeo datasets are compatible with PyTorch data loaders, making them easy to integrate into existing training workflows. The only difference between a benchmark dataset in TorchGeo and a similar dataset in torchvision is that each dataset returns a dictionary with keys for each PyTorch Tensor.

Pre-trained Weights

Pre-trained weights have proven to be tremendously beneficial for transfer learning tasks

Torchgeo

Install / Use

README