---

name: cognee-ingestion description: Use when putting data into cognee memory with remember() — choosing inputs (text, files, folders, URLs, repos, databases), datasets and node_sets, loaders, ontologies, the graph extractor (LLM or GLiNER), chunking, dry-run cost estimates, or when remember() raises on a keyword argument.

Ingest data with remember()

remember() is cognee's ingestion API. One call stores the data, builds the knowledge graph, and enriches it. Use it for all ingestion; every option in this skill is a remember() argument unless it says otherwise.

import cognee

result = await cognee.remember("Einstein was born in Ulm.")  # text
result = await cognee.remember(
    ["./notes.md", "./report.pdf"],  # files
    dataset_name="research",
)
print(result.status, result.dataset_id)  # "completed", UUID

All cognee functions are async. Without dataset_name data goes to main_dataset. Needs LLM_API_KEY unless you use the GLiNER extractor (below).

Use it

Inputs

data accepts a string, a list of strings, file paths (absolute, file://, s3://), http(s) URLs, binary streams, or a list mixing them.

• URLs are fetched and scraped (needs ALLOW_HTTP_REQUESTS=true, the default).
• Folders are ingested file by file. A folder that looks like a code project, or a GitHub/GitLab URL, becomes one code repository (needs git on PATH).
• Code files (.py, .ts, .go, …) go down the code-graph route: a deterministic graph, no LLM calls, searchable only with SearchType.CODE. To index a whole repository explicitly, pass content_type="code".
• Databases and dlt sources: a SQL connection string, a dlt DltResource / DltSource, or a CSV. dlt is a core dependency, so no extra is needed (cognee[dlt] is an empty compatibility extra). Options: primary_key (default "id"), write_disposition ("replace" default, or "append"), query, max_rows_per_table.
• Skill playbooks (SKILL.md files): content_type="skills"; ingests into the target dataset (default main_dataset), so pass dataset_name to keep skills in their own dataset.

Where the data goes

| Argument | What it does | |---|---| | dataset_name / dataset_id | Target dataset. dataset_id wins. A dataset is the unit of permissions and isolation. | | node_set=["AI", "FinTech"] | Tags the data so recall can filter to it later with recall(..., node_name=["AI"]). | | session_id="chat_1" | Writes to the fast session cache instead of the graph; improve() bridges it into the graph in the background. See the cognee-improve-sessions skill. Requires CACHING=true. |

How the graph is built

| Argument | What it does | |---|---| | extractor | "llm" or "gliner_demo" (alias "gliner"). Default is GRAPH_EXTRACTOR=auto: the LLM when an API key is configured, otherwise GLiNER. | | graph_model=MyModel | Extract into your own DataPoint model instead of the generic KnowledgeGraph. See the cognee-custom-graph-models skill. | | custom_prompt | Replaces the entity-extraction prompt (ignored by GLiNER). | | config={"ontology_config": {...}} | Ground entities in an OWL ontology (below). | | chunk_size, chunker | Max tokens per chunk (default: derived from the embedding and LLM limits) and the chunker class (default TextChunker). | | preferred_loaders | Choose a loader per file type (below). | | self_improvement | Default True: runs improve() after the graph is built. Its outcome is on result.improve / result.improve_error; a failed improve never fails the remember. | | run_in_background=True | Returns immediately with status="running"; await result to wait. |

Ontologies

from cognee.modules.ontology.rdf_xml.RDFLibOntologyResolver import RDFLibOntologyResolver

config = {
    "ontology_config": {
        "ontology_resolver": RDFLibOntologyResolver(ontology_file="./my.owl"),
        # "ontology_mode": "strict",   # drop entities with no ontology match
    }
}
await cognee.remember(texts, config=config)

Or set ONTOLOGY_FILE_PATH (plus ONTOLOGY_MODE, MATCHING_STRATEGY) in .env. annotate (default) only enriches; strict drops entities that match no ontology class or individual. It prunes only the graph, chunk text is still stored. Strict mode with an empty or missing ontology file is a hard error. Over HTTP, upload the ontology to /api/v1/ontologies and pass its ontology_key to POST /api/v1/remember. Example: examples/guides/ontology_quickstart.py.

Loaders

Each file is claimed by the first loader that accepts it. Default order: code, text, pypdf, image, audio, video, dlt_csv, csv, unstructured, advanced_pdf, docling. Names: text_loader, code_loader, csv_loader, dlt_csv_loader, pypdf_loader, image_loader, audio_loader, video_loader, unstructured_loader, advanced_pdf_loader, docling_loader, beautiful_soup_loader.

# Treat a code file as a plain document (chunking + LLM extraction):
await cognee.remember("./script.py", preferred_loaders={"text_loader": {}})

Office formats (DOCX, PPTX, …) need the docs (unstructured) or docling extra. A preferred loader that is not installed is skipped with only an info log, so check the extra is installed when a file comes out wrong.

Check the cost first

dry_run=True returns a token and cost estimate without ingesting anything or calling the LLM. It excludes the calls improve() makes. Not supported with GLiNER, sessions, or a remote instance.

dry_run="presort" on a folder returns a PresortReport (junk, duplicates, version candidates, possible personal data, proposed dataset groups). Apply it with await cognee.remember(report), or pass auto_apply=True.

Without an LLM: GLiNER

extractor="gliner" builds the graph and summaries with a local GLiNER2 model, with no LLM call (embeddings still run). Install pip install "cognee[gliner]"; the model (about 750 MB) downloads on first use. It cannot be combined with a custom graph_model, dry_run, session_id, or a remote instance.

For production: the open-source GLiNER extractor is a demo. cognee's enterprise GLiNER extraction is more accurate and covers more labels. The same goes for the Postgres graph adapter (postgres_demo). Contact social@cognee.ai.

Pitfalls

• Unknown keyword arguments raise. remember() forwards kwargs through a fixed allow-list and raises TypeError: Unexpected keyword arguments for anything else. These real options are not on it yet:

  | Option | Workaround through remember() | |---|---| | ontology_file_path | config={"ontology_config": ...} or ONTOLOGY_FILE_PATH (above) | | functional_relationships, chunk_attachment | None yet. Only cognee.cognify() accepts them. | | extraction_rules | Pass it through the loader: preferred_loaders={"beautiful_soup_loader": {"extraction_rules": {...}}} (works in remember() and add()). Needs the scraping extra: without it the loader is not registered and the rules are silently ignored | | tavily_config, soup_crawler_config | Not honoured by add() or remember(); only the cognee/tasks/web_scraper tasks use them | | column_value_columns (dlt) | None yet. Only cognee.add() accepts it. |

  If a user needs one with no workaround, say so plainly: the option exists on the lower-level add() / cognify() but not on remember() yet.

• Changed files raise DocumentUpdateRequiredError. Re-remembering the same path (or the same filename for an upload) with different content is an update, not a new document. Use cognee.update(data_id=..., data=..., dataset_id=...), which re-extracts only the changed chunks and keeps the document's id. Identical content is a no-op.

• content_type is strict. Only None, "skills", or "code". "code" rejects session_id and needs repository paths or git URLs; "skills" ingests into the target dataset like any other call (default main_dataset); pass dataset_name to keep skills in their own dataset.

• Session mode needs CACHING=true, and extractor cannot be combined with session_id.

• Remote mode. After cognee.serve(url), calls go to the server: extractor and session_ids raise, and other options the client does not forward (including graph_model, node_set, and ontology config) are dropped without an error.

• Every remember runs improve() unless self_improvement=False or IMPROVE_AUTO_ENABLED=false. In scripts, call await cognee.wait_for_background_tasks() before exiting.

How it works

remember(data) runs add() (store raw data and create Data rows), then cognify() (classify documents, chunk, extract the graph and summaries, store in graph and vector DBs), then improve(). remember(data, session_id=...) writes to the session cache instead.

• Entry point and kwarg routing: cognee/api/v1/remember/remember.py (RememberKwargs, _ADD_ONLY / _COGNIFY_ONLY / _SHARED)
• Storage: cognee/api/v1/add/add.py, cognee/tasks/ingestion/ingest_data.py
• Graph build: cognee/api/v1/cognify/cognify.py, cognee/tasks/graph/extract_graph_from_data.py, cognee/tasks/storage/add_data_points.py
• Extractor choice: cognee/modules/cognify/config.py:resolve_extractor; GLiNER package: cognee/tasks/graph/gliner_demo/
• Ontologies: cognee/modules/ontology/
• Loaders: cognee/infrastructure/loaders/ (supported_loaders.py, LoaderEngine.py)
• dlt: cognee/tasks/ingestion/resolve_dlt_sources.py

Examples in examples/guides/: simple_cognee_example.py, nodeset_grouping_example.py, ontology_quickstart.py, gliner_demo_llm_free_cognify.py, no_llm_remember_recall.py, temporal_recall.py, presort_downloads.py, web_url_content_ingestion_example.py, code_graph_example.py.

Extending it

• New remember() option: add it to RememberKwargs and to the matching routing set in remember.py. An option on add()/cognify() that is not in a routing set raises TypeError from remember().
• New loader: implement LoaderInterface (cognee/infrastructure/loaders/LoaderInterface.py), register it in supported_loaders.py (extras-gated loaders go under external/), and add it to the priority list in LoaderEngine.py if it should run by default.
• New cognify task: see the cognee-custom-pipelines skill and cognee/tasks/README.md.