Textstat

Textstat is an easy to use library to calculate statistics from text. It helps determine readability, complexity, and grade level.

<p align="center"> <img width="100%" src="https://images.unsplash.com/photo-1457369804613-52c61a468e7d?ixlib=rb-1.2.1&auto=format&fit=crop&w=1350&h=400&q=80"> </p> <p align="right"> ^{Photo by <a href="https://unsplash.com/@impatrickt">Patrick Tomasso</a> on <a href="https://unsplash.com/images/things/book">Unsplash</a>} </p>

Usage

>>> import textstat

>>> test_data = (
    "Playing games has always been thought to be important to "
    "the development of well-balanced and creative children; "
    "however, what part, if any, they should play in the lives "
    "of adults has never been researched that deeply. I believe "
    "that playing games is every bit as important for adults "
    "as for children. Not only is taking time out to play games "
    "with our children and other adults valuable to building "
    "interpersonal relationships but is also a wonderful way "
    "to release built up tension."
)

>>> textstat.flesch_reading_ease(test_data)
>>> textstat.flesch_kincaid_grade(test_data)
>>> textstat.smog_index(test_data)
>>> textstat.coleman_liau_index(test_data)
>>> textstat.automated_readability_index(test_data)
>>> textstat.dale_chall_readability_score(test_data)
>>> textstat.difficult_words(test_data)
>>> textstat.linsear_write_formula(test_data)
>>> textstat.gunning_fog(test_data)
>>> textstat.text_standard(test_data)
>>> textstat.fernandez_huerta(test_data)
>>> textstat.szigriszt_pazos(test_data)
>>> textstat.gutierrez_polini(test_data)
>>> textstat.crawford(test_data)
>>> textstat.gulpease_index(test_data)
>>> textstat.osman(test_data)

The argument (text) for all the defined functions remains the same - i.e the text for which statistics need to be calculated.

Install

You can install textstat either via the Python Package Index (PyPI) or from source.

Install using pip

pip install textstat

Install using easy_install

easy_install textstat

Install latest version from GitHub

git clone https://github.com/textstat/textstat.git
cd textstat
pip install .

Install from PyPI

Download the latest version of textstat from http://pypi.python.org/pypi/textstat/

You can install it by doing the following:

tar xfz textstat-*.tar.gz
cd textstat-*/
python setup.py build
python setup.py install # as root

Language support

By default functions implement algorithms for english language. To change language, use:

textstat.set_lang(lang)

The language will be used for syllable calculation and to choose variant of the formula.

Language variants

All functions implement en_US language. Some of them has also variants for other languages listed below.

| Function | en | de | es | fr | it | nl | pl | ru | |-----------------------------|----|----|----|----|----|----|----|----| | flesch_reading_ease | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | | ✔ | | gunning_fog | ✔ | | | | | | ✔ | |

Spanish-specific tests

The following functions are specifically designed for spanish language. They can be used on non-spanish texts, even though that use case is not recommended.

>>> textstat.fernandez_huerta(test_data)
>>> textstat.szigriszt_pazos(test_data)
>>> textstat.gutierrez_polini(test_data)
>>> textstat.crawford(test_data)

Additional information on the formula they implement can be found in their respective docstrings.

List of Functions

Formulas

The Flesch Reading Ease formula

textstat.flesch_reading_ease(text)

Returns the Flesch Reading Ease Score.

The following table can be helpful to assess the ease of readability in a document.

The table is an example of values. While the maximum score is 121.22, there is no limit on how low the score can be. A negative score is valid.

| Score | Difficulty | |-------|-------------------| |90-100 | Very Easy | | 80-89 | Easy | | 70-79 | Fairly Easy | | 60-69 | Standard | | 50-59 | Fairly Difficult | | 30-49 | Difficult | | 0-29 | Very Confusing |

Further reading on Wikipedia

The Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level

textstat.flesch_kincaid_grade(text)

Returns the Flesch-Kincaid Grade of the given text. This is a grade formula in that a score of 9.3 means that a ninth grader would be able to read the document.

Further reading on Wikipedia

The Fog Scale (Gunning FOG Formula)

textstat.gunning_fog(text)

Returns the FOG index of the given text. This is a grade formula in that a score of 9.3 means that a ninth grader would be able to read the document.

Further reading on Wikipedia

The SMOG Index

textstat.smog_index(text)

Returns the SMOG index of the given text. This is a grade formula in that a score of 9.3 means that a ninth grader would be able to read the document.

Texts of fewer than 30 sentences are statistically invalid, because the SMOG formula was normed on 30-sentence samples. textstat requires at least 3 sentences for a result.

Further reading on Wikipedia

Automated Readability Index

textstat.automated_readability_index(text)

Returns the ARI (Automated Readability Index) which outputs a number that approximates the grade level needed to comprehend the text.

For example if the ARI is 6.5, then the grade level to comprehend the text is 6th to 7th grade.

Further reading on Wikipedia

The Coleman-Liau Index

textstat.coleman_liau_index(text)

Returns the grade level of the text using the Coleman-Liau Formula. This is a grade formula in that a score of 9.3 means that a ninth grader would be able to read the document.

Further reading on Wikipedia

Linsear Write Formula

textstat.linsear_write_formula(text)

Returns the grade level using the Linsear Write Formula. This is a grade formula in that a score of 9.3 means that a ninth grader would be able to read the document.

Further reading on Wikipedia

Dale-Chall Readability Score

textstat.dale_chall_readability_score(text)

Different from other tests, since it uses a lookup table of the most commonly used 3000 English words. Thus it returns the grade level using the New Dale-Chall Formula.

| Score | Understood by | |-------------|-----------------------------------------------| |4.9 or lower | average 4th-grade student or lower | | 5.0–5.9 | average 5th or 6th-grade student | | 6.0–6.9 | average 7th or 8th-grade student | | 7.0–7.9 | average 9th or 10th-grade student | | 8.0–8.9 | average 11th or 12th-grade student | | 9.0–9.9 | average 13th to 15th-grade (college) student |

Further reading on Wikipedia

Readability Consensus based upon all the above tests

textstat.text_standard(text, float_output=False)

Based upon all the above tests, returns the estimated school grade level required to understand the text.

Optional float_output allows the score to be returned as a float. Defaults to False.

Spache Readability Formula

textstat.spache_readability(text)

Returns grade level of english text.

Intended for text written for children up to grade four.

Further reading on Wikipedia

McAlpine EFLAW Readability Score

textstat.mcalpine_eflaw(text)

Returns a score for the readability of an english text for a foreign learner or English, focusing on the number of miniwords and length of sentences.

It is recommended to aim for a score equal to or lower than 25.

Further reading on This blog post

Reading Time

textstat.reading_time(text, ms_per_char=14.69)

Returns the reading time of the given text.

Assumes 14.69ms per character.

Further reading in This academic paper

Language Specific Formulas

Índice de lecturabilidad Fernandez-Huerta (Spanish)

textstat.fernandez_huerta(text)

Reformulation of the Flesch Reading Ease Formula specifically for spanish. The results can be interpreted similarly

Further reading on This blog post

Índice de perspicuidad de Szigriszt-Pazos (Spanish)

textstat.szigriszt_pazos(text)

Adaptation of Flesch Reading Ease formula for spanish-based texts.

Attempts to quantify how understandable a text is.

Further reading on This blog post

Fórmula de comprensibilidad de Gutiérrez de Polini (Spanish)