########################### FireDanger - Forest Fire Danger ###########################

Calculation of indices for forest fire risk assessment in weather and climate data

IMPORTANT - June, 2021: This tool is still under development and not yet intended for use!!

FireDanger is a Python package intended to simpify the process of analysing forest fire (and drought) in time series and gridded weather and climate datasets. It is built on top of xarray_.
It contains implementations of several popular fire danger and drought indices calculated from meteorological parameters:

• Canadian Fire Weather Index System (FWI) including all its 6 components

Coming up next:

• Angström Index
• Baumgartner Index
• Nesterov index
• Munger Drought index
• Fuel Moisture Index
• Fosberg Fire Weather Index
• Keetch-Byram Drought Index
• McArthur Mark 5 Forest Fire Danger Index

The package is developed as part of the project "Waldbrandmanagement auf der Alpennordseite" by the University of Bern <https://www.geography.unibe.ch/about_us/staff/dr_steinfeld_daniel/index_eng.html>.
A big "thank you" to the Swiss federal institute of forest, snow and landscape research WSL <https://www.wsl.ch/en/index.html> for providing a public WIKI <https://wikifire.wsl.ch/tiki-index.html>_ with reference information on the mostly used fire weather indices.

.. References .. _xarray: https://xarray.pydata.org/en/stable/

Be aware that this is a free scientific tool in continous development, then it may not be free of bugs. Please report any issue on the GitHub portal.

============ Installation

Make sure you have the required dependencies (for details see docs/environment.yml):

• xarray
• pandas
• numpy
• netCDF4
• numba
• (for plotting on geographical maps: matplotlib and cartopy)
• (for parallel computing: dask)

To install the development version (master), do:

.. code:: bash

pip install git+https://github.com/steidani/firedanger.git

Copy code from Github repository

Copy/clone locally the latest version from FireDanger:

.. code-block:: bash

git clone git@github.com:steidani/firedanger.git /path/to/local/firedanger
cd path/to/local/firedanger

Prepare the conda environment:

.. code-block:: bash

conda create -y -q -n firedanger_dev python=3.8.5 pytest
conda env update -q -f environment.yml -n firedanger_dev

Install firedanger in development mode in firedanger_dev:

.. code-block:: bash

conda activate firedanger_dev
pip install -e .

Run the tests:

.. code-block:: bash

python -m pytest

========== Tutorial

Calculate Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System

Example for time series (csv):

.. code-block:: python

import firedanger module

from firedanger import firedanger

initiate instance and

read time series (measurement) from weather station

measurements are taken daily at 12 noon from 19910501 to 19911130.

name of time dimension/column is 'time' with format 'YYYYMMDD'

fire = firedanger('data/measurement.csv', time_name = "time", time_format='%Y%m%d') print(fire)

Out[]: Xarray dataset with 214 time steps.

Available fields: index, stn, T12, P12, H12, U12

no preprocessing needed: data is already measured at 12 noon

calculate Canadian Forest Fire Weather Indices

fire.calc_canadian_fwi(temp="T12", precip="P12", hum="H12", wind="U12") print(fire)

Out[]: Xarray dataset with 214 time steps.

Available fields: index, stn, T12, P12, H12, U12, ffmc, dmc, dc, isi, bui, fwi

save to disk as csv

fire.to_dataframe().to_csv("data/measurement_fire.csv", date_format='%Y%m%d')

plot temporal evolution of Duff Moisutre Code

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fire.dmc.plot() plt.show()

.. image:: docs/1991_dmc_measurement.png :width: 70% :align: center

Example for gridded weather data (netcdf):

.. code-block:: python

import firedanger module

from firedanger import firedanger

initiate instance and

read gridded COSMO-1 analysis hourly data from 20180801_00 to 20180814_03 with 0.01° (~1 km) spatial resolution)

fire = firedanger('data/cosmo-1_ana.nc') print(fire)

Out[]: Xarray dataset with 316 time steps.

Available fields: TOT_PREC, T_2M, U_10M, V_10M, RELHUM_2M

preprocessing: select only time at 12 noon

fire.ds = fire.ds.sel(time=datetime.time(12))

xarray.Dataset (and all its functions) can be accessed with fire.ds

preprocessing: calculate wind speed

fire.calc_windspeed(u="U_10M", v="V_10M")

creates new variable "wind"

Hint: Use fire.set_up(...) to do consistency check and set (automatically or manually) names of dimension ('time', 'latitude', 'longitude')

calculate Canadian Forest Fire Weather Indices

fire.calc_canadian_fwi(temp="T_2M", precip="TOT_PREC", hum="RELHUM_2M", wind="wind") print(fire)

Out[]: Xarray dataset with 13 time steps.

Available fields: TOT_PREC, T_2M, U_10M, V_10M, RELHUM_2M, wind, ffmc, dmc, dc, isi, bui, fwi

save to disk as netcdf

fire.to_netcdf('data/cosmo-1_daily_fire.nc')

plot Duff Moisture Code at one timestep

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt fire.dmc[0].plot(cmap="plasma") plt.show()

.. image:: docs/20180801_dmc_cosmo1.png :width: 70% :align: center