Rack

A modern Rust library for hosting audio plugins

Status: AudioUnit support is production-ready on macOS (Phases 1-8 complete, thoroughly tested). VST3 support is working on macOS, untested on Windows/Linux (no CI yet). iOS and visionOS are supported but untested. The API is stabilizing. CLAP support is planned.

Rack is a cross-platform library for discovering, loading, and processing audio through VST3, AudioUnit, CLAP, and other plugin formats in Rust applications.

Features

• ✅ AudioUnit support (macOS, iOS, visionOS) - production-ready with scanning, loading, processing, parameters, MIDI, presets, and GUI
• 🚧 VST3 support (macOS tested, Windows/Linux untested) - scanning, loading, processing, parameters, MIDI, and presets
• ⚡ Zero-copy audio processing - planar format with pointer assignment (no memcpy in hot path)
• 🎵 SIMD-optimized - ARM NEON and x86_64 SSE2 for 4x performance (AudioUnit)
• 🎹 Zero-allocation MIDI - SmallVec-based MIDI for real-time performance
• 🎛️ GUI support - AudioUnit: AUv3, AUv2, and generic fallback UI (VST3 GUI coming soon)
• 🎚️ Clean, safe API - minimal unsafe code, comprehensive error handling
• 🎼 CLAP support - planned
• 🔄 cpal integration - optional audio I/O helpers
• 🚀 Zero-cost abstractions - trait-based design

Quick Start

Add to your Cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
rack = "0.3"

List available plugins

use rack::prelude::*;

fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let scanner = Scanner::new()?;
    let plugins = scanner.scan()?;

    for plugin in plugins {
        println!("{}", plugin);
    }

    Ok(())
}

Load and process audio

use rack::prelude::*;

fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let scanner = Scanner::new()?;
    let plugins = scanner.scan()?;

    // Load first plugin
    let mut plugin = scanner.load(&plugins[0])?;
    plugin.initialize(48000.0, 512)?;

    // Process audio with planar buffers (zero-copy)
    let left_in = vec![0.0f32; 512];
    let right_in = vec![0.0f32; 512];
    let mut left_out = vec![0.0f32; 512];
    let mut right_out = vec![0.0f32; 512];

    plugin.process(
        &[&left_in, &right_in],
        &mut [&mut left_out, &mut right_out],
        512
    )?;

    Ok(())
}

MIDI Synthesis

See examples/simple_synth.rs for a complete MIDI synthesis example.

Platform Support

| Platform | AudioUnit | VST3 | CLAP | LV2 | Notes | |----------|-----------|------|------|-----|-------| | macOS | ✅ | 🧪 | 🚧 | ❌ | AudioUnit production-ready, VST3 tested & working | | iOS | 🧪 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | AudioUnit compiles, untested | | visionOS | 🧪 | ❌ | ❌ | ❌ | AudioUnit compiles, untested | | Windows | ❌ | 🧪 | 🚧 | ❌ | VST3 compiles, untested (no CI) | | Linux | ❌ | 🧪 | 🚧 | 🧪 | VST3 compiles, untested (no CI) |

• ✅ Production-ready (tested)
• 🧪 Experimental (compiles, may work, untested)
• 🚧 Planned
• ❌ Not applicable

Platform-Specific Notes:

• Apple platforms (macOS): AudioUnit is the default and recommended format
  • Production-ready: thoroughly tested, SIMD-optimized, with GUI support
  • Discovers and loads AUv3 app extensions or AudioUnit plugins
  • GUI support: AppKit-based (AUv3/AUv2/generic fallback)
  • VST3 also available on macOS (tested & working, but no GUI yet)
• Windows/Linux: VST3 support is experimental
  • Code compiles and follows VST3 SDK patterns
  • ⚠️ NOT tested on Windows or Linux (no CI infrastructure yet)
  • Standard VST3 plugin paths are scanned automatically
  • Help wanted: testing, CI setup, bug reports

Examples

Run the examples:

# List all available plugins (AudioUnit on macOS, VST3 on Windows/Linux)
cargo run --example list_plugins

# List VST3 plugins specifically
cargo run --example list_vst3_plugins

# Process audio with VST3
cargo run --example vst3_processor

# Control parameters
cargo run --example control_parameters

# MIDI synthesis
cargo run --example simple_synth

# Browse and load presets
cargo run --example preset_browser

# Plugin GUI (AudioUnit on macOS - shows native plugin UI)
cargo run --example plugin_gui

# Real-time audio host with CPAL (requires 'cpal' feature)
cargo run --example cpal_host --features cpal

Display Plugin GUI

use rack::prelude::*;

fn main() -> Result<()> {
    let scanner = Scanner::new()?;
    let plugins = scanner.scan()?;
    let mut plugin = scanner.load(&plugins[0])?;
    plugin.initialize(48000.0, 512)?;

    // Create GUI asynchronously
    plugin.create_gui(|result| {
        match result {
            Ok(gui) => {
                gui.show_window(Some("My Plugin"))?;
                // GUI is now visible!
            }
            Err(e) => eprintln!("GUI creation failed: {}", e),
        }
        Ok(())
    });

    // Keep program running...
    Ok(())
}

See examples/plugin_gui.rs for a complete GUI example.

Architecture

Rack uses a trait-based design for maximum flexibility:

pub trait PluginScanner {
    type Plugin: PluginInstance;
    fn scan(&self) -> Result<Vec<PluginInfo>>;
    fn load(&self, info: &PluginInfo) -> Result<Self::Plugin>;
}

pub trait PluginInstance: Send {
    fn initialize(&mut self, sample_rate: f64, max_block_size: usize) -> Result<()>;
    fn reset(&mut self) -> Result<()>;
    fn process(&mut self, inputs: &[&[f32]], outputs: &mut [&mut [f32]], num_frames: usize) -> Result<()>;
    fn get_parameter(&self, index: usize) -> Result<f32>;
    fn set_parameter(&mut self, index: usize, value: f32) -> Result<()>;
    // ... more methods
}

This allows different plugin formats to implement the same interface, making your code portable across formats.

Roadmap

AudioUnit (macOS) - ✅ COMPLETE

• [x] Plugin scanning and enumeration
• [x] Plugin loading and instantiation
• [x] Audio processing with SIMD optimization (ARM NEON + x86_64 SSE2)
• [x] Zero-copy planar audio API (eliminated 2 of 3 memcpy operations)
• [x] Dynamic channel count support (mono/stereo/surround)
• [x] Plugin state reset (clear buffers/delay lines)
• [x] Parameter control with caching
• [x] MIDI support (zero-allocation, all MIDI 1.0 messages)
• [x] Preset management (factory presets + state serialization)
• [x] GUI hosting (AUv3/AUv2/generic fallback)

VST3 (macOS tested, Windows/Linux untested) - 🧪 EXPERIMENTAL

• [x] Plugin scanning and enumeration (automatic system path detection)
• [x] Plugin loading and instantiation
• [x] Audio processing with zero-copy planar audio
• [x] Dynamic channel count support (mono/stereo/surround)
• [x] Plugin state reset (clear buffers/delay lines)
• [x] Parameter control with validation
• [x] MIDI support (zero-allocation, MIDI 1.0 channel messages)
• [x] Preset management (factory presets + state serialization)
• [ ] Windows/Linux testing (no CI yet)
• [ ] GUI hosting (planned)

Future Formats

• [ ] CLAP support (cross-platform)
• [ ] LV2 support (Linux)

Advanced Features

• [ ] Multi-threading support
• [ ] Plugin latency compensation
• [ ] Offline processing
• [ ] Crash isolation
• [ ] Plugin sandboxing

Contributing

Contributions are welcome!

Production-Ready:

• AudioUnit hosting on macOS (Phases 1-8 complete, thoroughly tested)

Experimental (compiles, needs testing):

• VST3 on macOS (tested & working)
• VST3 on Windows/Linux (untested, no CI)

High Priority - Help Needed:

• 🔴 Windows/Linux VST3 testing - verify it actually works!
• 🔴 CI infrastructure - Windows and Linux builds/tests
• 🟡 VST3 GUI hosting
• 🟡 CLAP backend (scanner, loader, processor, GUI)

Lower Priority:

• Linux LV2 support
• Advanced features (multi-threading, latency compensation, crash isolation)
• Documentation improvements
• Additional examples

License

Licensed under either of:

• Apache License, Version 2.0 (LICENSE-APACHE or http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0)
• MIT license (LICENSE-MIT or http://opensource.org/licenses/MIT)

at your option.

Acknowledgments

• Inspired by VCV Rack and the modular synthesis community
• AudioUnit implementation uses Apple's AudioToolbox framework directly via C++ FFI
• VST3 implementation uses the VST3 SDK via C++ FFI
• Thanks to the Rust audio community at rust.audio

Why "Rack"?

The name is inspired by modular synthesizer racks and VCV Rack - the idea of a framework where you can plug in different modules (plugins) and wire them together. Plus, it was available on crates.io! 🎉