Tinytalk

Animal := [new
            health := 100.
            [die
              health <- 0.
            |health
              health]].
Cat := [new
         [makeSound
           console print: 'Meow!'.
         | ...Animal new]].
Dog := [new
         [makeSound
           console print: 'Woof!'.
         | ...Animal new]].

peppy := Cat new.
peppy makeSound. "This will print 'Meow!'"
console print: peppy health. "100"

A purely object-oriented toy language, demonstrating how OOP does not need inheritance, traditional classes or prototypes.

Semantics

Imperative and sequential. You can:

• Define and mutate variables.
• Create an object by defining a set of method closures.
• While defining an object, copy in another object's methods. (Variable references are early-bound, i.e. no open recursion.)
• Create a block, an object with a single do method with special return semantics.
• Perform an early return, exiting from the innermost lexical non-block method.

Syntax

Operator precedence is not finalized, but is currently as follows:

• Unary messages have the highest precedence. 3 factorial + 4 means (3 factorial) + 4.
• Binary operators are next, and left-associative. 3 + 4 * 5 min: 2 means ((3 + 4) * 5) min: 2.
• Keyword messages are last and also left-associative.

Expressions can be sequenced with ., returning the value of the last expression evaluated.

Object literals are defined with [] enclosing a set of methods and decorations, separated by |. A method consists of a method signature and a sequence of expressions. A decoration is defined with ...<expr>.

A block can be defined with {} and contains a single expression. An early return may be constructed with ^ <expr>.

Utilities

There are several objects built into the language.

• Numbers, strings and booleans implement a variety of operators. Strings can import the file with their name in the repository, e.g. 'brainfuck' import.
• Booleans implement if:, sending true or false.
• The console can read input, print: or write: output, or throw an error:.
• The Array object can create new arrays, that can get values at: a position, or at:Put:.
• The system can require: tinytalk code or open: files. Files can read lines, readAll, write:, get their position and size, goto:, move: and close.