cxml - Compact XML translator

.. highlight:: python

cxml translates a Compact XML (CXML) expression into the corresponding pretty-printed XML snippet. For example::

from cxml import xml

xml('w:p/(w:pPr/w:jc{w:val=right},w:r/w:t"Right-aligned")'),

.. highlight:: xml

becomes::

<w:p xmlns:w="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main">
  <w:pPr>
    <w:jc w:val="right"/>
  </w:pPr>
  <w:r>
    <w:t>Right-aligned</w:t>
  </w:r>
</w:p>

Who cares?

The motivation for a compact XML expression language arose out of the testing requirements of the python-docx and python-pptx libraries. The WordprocessingML and PresentationML file formats are XML-based and many operations in those libraries involve the recognition or modification of XML. The tests then require a great many XML snippets to test all the possible combinations the code must recognize or produce.

Including full-sized XML snippets in the test code is both distracting and tedious. By compressing the specification of a snippet to fit on a single line (in most cases), the test code is much more compact and expressive.

Syntax

CXML syntax borrows from that of XPath.

.. highlight:: python

An element is specified by its name::

>>> xml('foobar')
<foobar/>

A child is specified by name following a slash::

>>> xml('foo/bar')
<foo>
  <bar/>
</foo>

XML output is pretty-printed with 2-space indentation.

Multiple child elements are specified by separating them with a comma and enclosing them in parentheses::

>>> xml('foo/(bar,baz)')
<foo>
  <bar/>
  <baz/>
</foo>

Element attributes are specified in braces after the element name::

>>> xml('foo{a=b}')
<foo a="b"/>

Multiple attributes are separated by commas::

>>> xml('foo{a=b,b=c}')
<foo a="b" b="c"/>

Whitespace is permitted (and ignored) between tokens in most places, however after using CXML quite a bit I don't find it useful::

>>> xml(' foo {a=b, b=c}')
<foo a="b" b="c"/>

Attribute text may be surrounded by double-quotes, which is handy when the text contains a comma or a closing brace::

>>> xml('foo{a=b,b="c,}g")}')
<foo a="b" b="c,}g"/>

Text immediately following the attributes' closing brace is interpreted as the text of the element. Whitespace within the text is preserved.::

>>> xml('foo{a=b,b=c} bar ')
<foo a="b" b="c"> bar </foo>

Element text may also be enclosed in quotes, which allows it to contain a comma or slash that would otherwise be interpreted as the next token.::

>>> xml('foo{a=b}"bar/baz, barfoo"')
<foo a="b">bar/baz, barfoo</foo>

An element having a namespace prefix appears with the corresponding namespace declaration::

>>> xml('a:foo)')
<a:foo xmlns:a="http://foo/a"/>

A different namespace prefix in a descendant element causes the corresponding namespace declaration to be added to the root element, in the order encountered::

>>> xml('a:foo/(b:bar,c:baz)')
<a:foo xmlns:a="http://foo/a" xmlns:b="http://foo/b" xmlns:c="http://foo/c">
  <b:bar/>
  <c:baz/>
</a:foo>

A namespace can be explicitly declared as an attribute of an element, in which case it will appear whether a child element in that namespace is present or not::

>>> xml('a:foo{b:}')
<a:foo xmlns:a="http://foo/a" xmlns:b="http://foo/b"/>

An explicit namespace appears immediately after the root element namespace (if it has one) when placed on the root element. This allows namespace declarations to appear in a different order than the order encountered. This is occasionally handy when matching XML by its string value.

An explicit namespace may also be placed on a child element, in which case the corresponding namespace declaration appears on that child rather than the root element::

>>> xml('a:foo/b:bar{b:,c:}')
<a:foo xmlns:a="http://foo/a">
  <b:bar xmlns:b="http://foo/b" xmlns:c="http://foo/c"/>
</a:foo>

Putting all these together, a reasonably complex XML snippet can be condensed quite a bit::

>>> xml('w:p/(w:pPr/w:jc{w:val=right},w:r/w:t"Right-aligned")'),
<w:p xmlns:w="http://schemas.openxmlformats.org/wordprocessingml/2006/main">
  <w:pPr>
    <w:jc w:val="right"/>
  </w:pPr>
  <w:r>
    <w:t>Right-aligned</w:t>
  </w:r>
</w:p>