RDWAtool

<p align="center"> A python all-in-one tool to extract information, spray and bruteforce passwords on a Microsoft Remote Desktop Web Access (RDWA) application. <br> <img alt="GitHub release (latest by date)" src="https://img.shields.io/github/v/release/p0dalirius/RDWArecon"> <a href="https://twitter.com/intent/follow?screen_name=podalirius_" title="Follow"><img src="https://img.shields.io/twitter/follow/podalirius_?label=Podalirius&style=social"></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/c/Podalirius_?sub_confirmation=1" title="Subscribe"><img alt="YouTube Channel Subscribers" src="https://img.shields.io/youtube/channel/subscribers/UCF_x5O7CSfr82AfNVTKOv_A?style=social"></a> <br> </p>

This python tool allows to extract various information from a Microsoft Remote Desktop Web Access (RDWA) application, such as the FQDN of the remote server, the internal AD domain name (from the FQDN), and the remote Windows Server version

Usage

$ rdwatool -h
           ____  ____ _       _____   __              __
          / __ \/ __ \ |     / /   | / /_____  ____  / /
         / /_/ / / / / | /| / / /| |/ __/ __ \/ __ \/ /    @podalirius_
        / _, _/ /_/ /| |/ |/ / ___ / /_/ /_/ / /_/ / /  
       /_/ |_/_____/ |__/|__/_/  |_\__/\____/\____/_/      v2.0
    
usage: rdwatool recon [-h] [-tf TARGETS_FILE] [-tu TARGET_URLS] [-v] [--no-colors] [--debug] [-T THREADS] [-PI PROXY_IP] [-PP PROXY_PORT] [-rt REQUEST_TIMEOUT] [-k] [-L] [--export-xlsx EXPORT_XLSX] [--export-json EXPORT_JSON]
                      [--export-sqlite EXPORT_SQLITE]

options:
  -h, --help            show this help message and exit
  -v, --verbose         Verbose mode. (default: False)
  --no-colors           Disable colored output. (default: False)
  --debug               Debug mode, for huge verbosity. (default: False)
  -T THREADS, --threads THREADS
                        Number of threads (default: 250)

Targets:
  -tf TARGETS_FILE, --targets-file TARGETS_FILE
                        Path to file containing a line by line list of targets.
  -tu TARGET_URLS, --target-url TARGET_URLS
                        Target URL of the RDWA login page.

Advanced configuration:
  -PI PROXY_IP, --proxy-ip PROXY_IP
                        Proxy IP.
  -PP PROXY_PORT, --proxy-port PROXY_PORT
                        Proxy port
  -rt REQUEST_TIMEOUT, --request-timeout REQUEST_TIMEOUT
                        Set the timeout of HTTP requests.
  -k, --insecure        Allow insecure server connections when using SSL (default: False)
  -L, --location        Follow redirects (default: False)

Export results:
  --export-xlsx EXPORT_XLSX
                        Output XLSX file to store the results in.
  --export-json EXPORT_JSON
                        Output JSON file to store the results in.
  --export-sqlite EXPORT_SQLITE
                        Output SQLITE3 file to store the results in.

Demonstration

https://user-images.githubusercontent.com/79218792/152828736-e2e39305-8167-432e-ac3a-3449ea9ff414.mp4

Example of output

• In recon mode:

  rdwatool recon -tf ./subdomains.txt
  

• In spray mode:

  rdwatool spray -tu https://rds.podalirius.net/RDWeb/Pages/en-US/login.aspx
  

• In brute mode:

  rdwatool brute -tu https://rds.podalirius.net/RDWeb/Pages/en-US/login.aspx
  

Contributing

Pull requests are welcome. Feel free to open an issue if you want to add other features.

How it works

Getting information about the remote server

There is much pre-filled information on the login.aspx page of the Remote Desktop Web Access (RDWA) application. In the input fields WorkSpaceID and/or RedirectorName we can find the FQDN of the remote server, and WorkspaceFriendlyName can contain a text description of the workspace.

<form id="FrmLogin" name="FrmLogin" action="login.aspx?ReturnUrl=%2FRDWeb%2FPages%2Fen-US%2FDefault.aspx" method="post" onsubmit="return onLoginFormSubmit()">
    <input type="hidden" name="WorkSpaceID" value="DC01.lab.local"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="RDPCertificates" value="E7100C72B6C11A5D14DE115D801E100C79143C19"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="PublicModeTimeout" value="20"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="PrivateModeTimeout" value="240"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="WorkspaceFriendlyName" value="Workspace%20friendly%20name%20or%20description"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="EventLogUploadAddress" value=""/>
    <input type="hidden" name="RedirectorName" value="DC01.lab.local"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="ClaimsHint" value=""/>
    <input type="hidden" name="ClaimsToken" value=""/>
    
    <input name="isUtf8" type="hidden" value="1"/>
    <input type="hidden" name="flags" value="0"/>
...
</form>

The rdwatool tool automatically parses this form and extract all the information.

OS version banner image

If the remote RDWeb installation is not hardened, there is a high chance that the default version image file /RDWeb/Pages/images/WS_h_c.png is still accessible (even if not linked on the login page). This is really awesome as we can compare its sha256 hash value directly with a known table of the windows banners of this service:

| Windows OS | SHA256 hash | Banner | |----------------------------|--------------------------------------------------------------------|-------------------------------------------------------------------| | Windows Server 2008 R2 | 5a8a77dc7ffd463647987c0de6df2c870f42819ec03bbd02a3ea9601e2ed8a4b | | | Windows Server 2012 R2 | 4560591682d433c7fa190c6bf40827110e219929932dc6dc049697529c8a98bc | | | Windows Server 2012 R2 | 3d9b56811a5126a6d3b78a692c2278d588d495ee215173f752ce4cbf8102921c | | | Windows Server 2016 | fb1505aadeab42d82100c4d23d421f421c858feae98332c55a4b9595f4cea541 | | | Windows Server 2016 | 3dbbeff5a0def7e0ba8ea383e5059eaa6acc37f7f8857218d44274fc029cfc4b | | | Windows Server 2019 | 2da4eb15fda2b7c80a94b9b2c5a3e104e2a9a2d9e9b3a222f5526c748fadf792 | | | Windows Server 2022 | 256a6445e032875e611457374f08acb0565796c950eb9c254495d559600c0367 | |

The rdwatool tool automatically gets this file and compare its hash to get the remote Windows Server version.

References

• https://twitter.com/podalirius_/status/1490734021332160525