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mapme.biodiversity <img src="man/figures/logo.png" align="right" height="110"/>

About

Biodiversity areas, especially primary forests, provide multiple ecosystem services for the local population and the planet as a whole. The rapid expansion of human land use into natural ecosystems and the impacts of the global climate crisis put natural ecosystems and the global biodiversity under threat.

The {mapme.biodiversity} package helps to analyse a number of biodiversity related indicators and biodiversity threats based on freely available geodata-sources such as the Global Forest Watch. It supports computational efficient routines and heavy parallel computing in cloud-infrastructures such as AWS or Microsoft Azure using in the statistical programming language R. The package allows for the analysis of global biodiversity portfolios with a thousand or millions of AOIs which is normally only possible on dedicated platforms such as the Google Earth Engine. It provides the possibility to e.g. analyse the World Database of Protected Areas (WDPA) for a number of relevant indicators. The primary use case of this package is to support scientific analysis and data science for individuals and organizations who seek to preserve the planet biodiversity. Its development is funded by the German Development Bank KfW.

Installation

Stable version

The package and its dependencies can be installed from CRAN via:

install.packages("mapme.biodiversity", dependencies = TRUE)

Windows and macOS binary packages are available from here.

Development version

To install the development version, use the following command:

if (isFALSE(require("remotes", quietly = TRUE))) install.packages("remotes", dependencies = TRUE)
remotes::install_github("https://github.com/mapme-initiative/mapme.biodiversity", dependencies = TRUE)

Available resources and indicators

Below is a list of the resources currently supported by {mapme.biodiversity}.

| name | description | licence | |:---|:---|:---| | accessibility_2000 | Accessibility data for the year 2000 from the Global Accessibility Map project | See JRC data policy: https://joint-research-centre.ec.europa.eu/jrc-mission-statement-work-programme/data-policy_en | | acled | Armed Conflict Location & Event Data (ACLED) | Visit acleddata.com | | biodiversity_intactness_index | Biodiversity Intactness Index | CC-BY-4.0 | | chelsa | Climatologies at High resolution for the Earth Land Surface Areas (CHELSA) | Unknown - Must cite! | | chirps | Climate Hazards Group InfraRed Precipitation with Station data (CHIRPS) | CC - unknown | | esalandcover | Copernicus Land Monitoring Service (CLMS) 100 meter land cover product | CC-BY 4.0 | | fritz_et_al | Drivers of deforestation in the tropics | CC-BY 4.0 | | gfw_emissions | Global Forest Watch - CO2 Emssions caused by forest cover loss | CC-BY 4.0 | | gfw_lossyear | Global Forest Watch - Year of forest cover loss occurrence | CC-BY 4.0 | | gfw_treecover | Global Forest Watch - Percentage of canopy closure in 2000 | CC-BY 4.0 | | global_surface_water_change | Global Surface Water - Change of water occurrence intensity | https://www.copernicus.eu/en/access-data | | global_surface_water_occurrence | Global Surface Water - Percentage of water occurrence | https://www.copernicus.eu/en/access-data | | global_surface_water_recurrence | Global Surface Water - Percentage of water recurrence | https://www.copernicus.eu/en/access-data | | global_surface_water_seasonality | Global Surface Water - Seasonality of water occurrence | https://www.copernicus.eu/en/access-data | | global_surface_water_transitions | Global Surface Water - Transition classes | https://www.copernicus.eu/en/access-data | | gmw | Global Mangrove Watch - Vector data of mangrove extent | CC BY 4.0 | | gsw_time_series | Global Surface Water - Yearly Time Series | https://global-surface-water.appspot.com/download | | humanfootprint | Time series on human pressures on natural ecosystems. | CC BY 4.0 | | ipbes_biomes | Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services division of the earth’s surface into biomes and anthromes. | CC 4.0 | | irr_carbon | Amount of carbon irrecoverably lost by a typical land use conversion event until mid-century. | CC NC 4.0 | | iucn | IUCN Species Richness Raser Dataset | https://www.iucnredlist.org/terms/terms-of-use | | key_biodiversity_areas | Key Biodiversity Areas | https://www.keybiodiversityareas.org/termsofservice | | man_carbon | Amount of carbon that is manageable by humans. | CC NC 4.0 | | mcd64a1 | MODIS Burned Area Monthly Product (Aqua and Terra) | https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/engage/open-data-services-software-policies/data-use-guidance | | nasa_grace | NASA Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment (GRACE) - Measurments of Earth’s mass and water changes | https://nasagrace.unl.edu/About.aspx | | nasa_srtm | NASA Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) | https://www.earthdata.nasa.gov/engage/open-data-services-software-policies/data-use-guidance | | nelson_et_al | Global maps of traveltime to cities | CC-BY 4.0 | | soilgrids | ISRIC - Modelled global soil property layers | CC-BY 4.0 | | teow | Terrestrial Ecosystems of the World (TEOW) from WWF-US | unknown | | ucdp_ged | UCDP Georeferenced Event Dataset (UCDP GED) | CC-BY 4.0 | | vul_carbon | Amount of carbon that is vulnerable to a typical land use conversion event. | CC NC 4.0 | | worldclim_max_temperature | WorldClim - Monthly maximum temperature 1960 - 2024 | https://www.worldclim.org/about.html | | worldclim_min_temperature | WorldClim - Monthly minimum temperature 1960 - 2024 | https://www.worldclim.org/about.html | | worldclim_precipitation | WorldClim - Monthly precipitation 1960 - 2024 | https://www.worldclim.org/about.html | | worldpop | WorldPop - Unconstrained Global Mosaics 2000 - 2020 | CC-BY 4.0 |

A more detailed list of these resources can be found in this Excel file.

Next, is a list of supported indicators.

| name | description | |:---|:---| | biodiversity_intactness_index | Averaged biodiversity intactness index. | | biome | Areal statistics of biomes from TEOW | | burned_area | Monthly burned area detected by MODIS satellites | | deforestation_drivers | Areal statistics of deforestation drivers | | drought_indicator | Relative wetness statistics based on NASA GRACE | | ecoregion | Areal statistics of ecoregions based on TEOW | | elevation | Statistics of elevation based on NASA SRTM | | exposed_population_acled | Number of people exposed to conflicts based on ACLED | | exposed_population_ucdp | Number of people exposed to conflicts based on UCDP GED | | fatalities_acled | Number of fatalities by event type based on ACLED. | | fatalities_ucdp | Number of fatalities by group of conflict based on UCDP GED | | gsw_change | Statistics of the surface water change layer by JRC | | gsw_occurrence | Areal statistic of surface water based on occurrence threshold | | gsw_recurrence | Areal statistic of surface water based on recurrence threshold | | gsw_seasonality | Areal statistic of surface water by seasonality | | gsw_time_series | Global Surface Water - Yearly Time Series area estimation of water classes. | | gsw_transitions | Areal statistics of surface water grouped by transition class | | humanfootprint | Statistics of the human footprint data set per polygon. | | ipbes_biomes | Area distribution of IBPES biomes within a polygon. | | irr_carbon | Statistics of irrecoverable carbon per polygon. | | key_biodiversity_areas | Area estimation of intersection with key biodiversity areas. | | landcover | Areal statistics grouped by landcover class | | man_carbon | Statistics of manageable carbon per polygon. | | mangroves_area | Area covered by mangroves | | population_count | Statistic of population counts | | precipitation_chelsa | Statistics of CHELSA precipitation layer | | precipitation_chirps | Statistics of CHIRPS precipitation layer | | precipitation_wc | Statistics of WorldClim precipitation layer | | slope | Statistics of slope based on NASA SRTM | | soilproperties | Statistics of SoilGrids layers | | species_richness | Species richness statistics based on user-specified raster files. | | temperature_max_wc | Statistics of WorldClim maximum temperature layer | | temperature_min_wc | Statistics of WorldClim minimum temperature layer | | traveltime | Statistics of traveltime to the closests city grouped by city category | | traveltime_2000 | Statistics of traveltime to the closests city in 2000 | | treecover_area | Area of forest cover by year | | treecover_area_and_emissions | Area of forest cover and greenhouse gas emissions caused by forest loss by year | | treecoverloss_emissions | Greenouse gas emissions cause by forest loss by year | | tri | Statistics of terrain ruggedne