<p align="center"> <img src="https://raw.githubusercontent.com/jaxleyverse/jaxley/main/docs/logo.png" width="360"> </p> <h1 align="center">Differentiable neuron simulations on CPU, GPU, or TPU</h1>

Documentation | Getting Started | Install guide | Reference docs | FAQ

What is Jaxley?

Jaxley is a differentiable simulator for biophysical neuron models, written in the Python library JAX. Its key features are:

automatic differentiation, allowing gradient-based optimization of thousands of parameters
support for CPU, GPU, or TPU without any changes to the code
jit-compilation, making it as fast as other packages while being fully written in Python
support for multicompartment neurons
elegant mechanisms for parameter sharing

Getting started

Jaxley allows to simulate biophysical neuron models on CPU, GPU, or TPU:

import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from jax import config

import jaxley as jx
from jaxley.channels import HH

config.update("jax_platform_name", "cpu")  # Or "gpu" / "tpu".

cell = jx.Cell()  # Define cell.
cell.insert(HH())  # Insert channels.

current = jx.step_current(i_delay=1.0, i_dur=1.0, i_amp=0.1, delta_t=0.025, t_max=10.0)
cell.stimulate(current)  # Stimulate with step current.
cell.record("v")  # Record voltage.

v = jx.integrate(cell)  # Run simulation.
plt.plot(v.T)  # Plot voltage trace.

Here you can find an overview of what kinds of models can be implemented in Jaxley. If you want to learn more, we recommend you to check out our tutorials on how to:

Installation

Jaxley is available on PyPI:

pip install jaxley

This will install Jaxley with CPU support. If you want GPU support, follow the instructions on the JAX Github repository to install JAX with GPU support (in addition to installing Jaxley). For example, for NVIDIA GPUs, run

pip install -U "jax[cuda13]"

Feedback and Contributions

We welcome any feedback on how Jaxley is working for your neuron models and are happy to receive bug reports, pull requests and other feedback (see contribute). We wish to maintain a positive community, please read our Code of Conduct.

License

Apache License Version 2.0 (Apache-2.0)

Citation

If you use Jaxley, consider citing the corresponding paper:

@article{deistler2025jaxley,
  title={Jaxley: differentiable simulation enables large-scale training of detailed biophysical models of neural dynamics},
  author={Deistler, Michael and Kadhim, Kyra L and Pals, Matthijs and Beck, Jonas and Huang, Ziwei and Gloeckler, Manuel and Lappalainen, Janne K and Schr{\"o}der, Cornelius and Berens, Philipp and Gon{\c{c}}alves, Pedro J and others},
  journal={Nature Methods},
  pages={1--9},
  year={2025},
  publisher={Nature Publishing Group US New York}
}

Jaxley

Install / Use

README