Ndi
Computes various geospatial indices of socioeconomic deprivation and disparity in the United States
Install / Use
/learn @idblr/NdiREADME
ndi: Neighborhood Deprivation Indices
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Date repository last updated: 2025-09-04
Overview
Computes various geospatial indices of socioeconomic deprivation and disparity in the United States. Some indices are considered "spatial" because they consider the values of neighboring (i.e., adjacent) census geographies in their computation, while other indices are "aspatial" because they only consider the value within each census geography. Two types of aspatial neighborhood deprivation indices (NDI) are available: including: (1) based on Messer et al. (2006) and (2) based on Andrews et al. (2020) and Slotman et al. (2022) who use variables chosen by Roux and Mair (2010). Both are a decomposition of multiple demographic characteristics from the U.S. Census Bureau American Community Survey 5-year estimates (ACS-5; 2006-2010 onward). Using data from the ACS-5 (2005-2009 onward), the package can also compute indices of racial or ethnic residential segregation, including but limited to those discussed in Massey & Denton (1988), and selected metrics of socioeconomic deprivation and disparity.
Installation
To install the release version from CRAN:
install.packages('ndi')
To install the development version from GitHub:
devtools::install_github('idblr/ndi')
Available functions
<table> <colgroup> <col width='30%'/> <col width='70%'/> </colgroup> <thead> <tr class='header'> <th>Function</th> <th>Description</th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr> <td><a href='/R/anthopolos.R'><code>anthopolos</code></a></td> <td>Compute the spatial Racial Isolation Index (<i>RI</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sste.2011.06.002'>Anthopolos et al. (2011)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/atkinson.R'><code>atkinson</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial Atkinson Index (<i>A</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-0531(70)90039-6'>Atkinson (1970)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/bell.R'><code>bell</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Interaction Index (<i>xPy*</i>) based on Shevky & Williams (1949; ISBN-13:978-0-837-15637-8) and <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/2574118'>Bell (1954)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/bemanian_beyer.R'><code>bemanian_beyer</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Local Exposure and Isolation (<i>LEx/Is</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.EPI-16-0926'>Bemanian & Beyer (2017)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/bravo.R'><code>bravo</code></a></td> <td>Compute the spatial Educational Isolation Index (<i>EI</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179384'>Bravo et al. (2021)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/denton.R'><code>denton</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Relative Clustering (<i>RCL</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.2.281'>Massey & Denton (1988)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/denton_cuzzort.R'><code>denton_cuzzort</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Relative Concentration (<i>RCO</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.2.281'>Massey & Denton (1988)</a> and Duncan, Cuzzort, & Duncan (1961; LC:60007089)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/duncan.R'><code>duncan</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Dissimilarity Index (<i>D</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/2088328'>Duncan & Duncan (1955a)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/duncan_cuzzort.R'><code>duncan_cuzzort</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Absolute Centralization (<i>ACE</i>) based on Duncan, Cuzzort, & Duncan (1961; LC:60007089) and <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.2.281'>Massey & Denton (1988)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/duncan_duncan.R'><code>duncan_duncan</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Relative Centralization (<i>RCE</i>) based <a href='https://doi.org/10.1086/221609'>Duncan & Duncan (1955b)</a> and <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.2.281'>Massey & Denton (1988)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/gini.R'><code>gini</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Gini Index (<i>G</i>) and retrieve the aspatial income Gini Index (<i>G</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/2223319'>Gini (1921)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/hoover.R'><code>hoover</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Delta (<i>DEL</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022050700052980'>Hoover (1941)</a> and Duncan et al. (1961; LC:60007089)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/james_taeuber.R'><code>james_taeuber</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Dissimilarity Index (<i>D</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/270845'>James & Taeuber (1985)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/krieger.R'><code>krieger</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial Index of Concentration at the Extremes (<i>ICE</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2015-205728'>Feldman et al. (2015)</a> and <a href='https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2015.302955'>Krieger et al. (2016)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/lieberson.R'><code>lieberson</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Isolation Index (<i>xPx*</i>) based on Lieberson (1981; ISBN-13:978-1-032-53884-6) and <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/2574118'>Bell (1954)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/massey.R'><code>massey</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Absolute Clustering (<i>ACL</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.2.281'>Massey & Denton (1988)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/massey_duncan.R'><code>massey_duncan</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Absolute Concentration (<i>ACO</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.2.281'>Massey & Denton (1988)</a> and Duncan, Cuzzort, & Duncan (1961; LC:60007089)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/messer.R'><code>messer</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial Neighborhood Deprivation Index (<i>NDI</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-006-9094-x'>Messer et al. (2006)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/morgan_denton.R'><code>morgan_denton</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Distance-Decay Interaction Index (<i>DPxy*</i>) based on <a href='https://www.jstor.org/stable/20001935'>Morgan (1983)</a> and <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.2.281'>Massey & Denton (1988)</a> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/morgan_massey.R'><code>morgan_massey</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Distance-Decay Isolation Index (<i>DPxx*</i>) based on <a href='https://www.jstor.org/stable/20001935'>Morgan (1983)</a> and <a href='https://doi.org/10.1093/sf/67.2.281'>Massey & Denton (1988)</a> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/powell_wiley.R'><code>powell_wiley</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial Neighborhood Deprivation Index (<i>NDI</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.1080/17445647.2020.1750066'>Andrews et al. (2020)</a> and <a href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dib.2022.108002'>Slotman et al. (2022)</a> with variables chosen by <a href='https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05333.x'>Roux and Mair (2010)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/sudano.R'><code>sudano</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Location Quotient (<i>LQ</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/2084686'>Merton (1938)</a> and <a href='https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.09.015'>Sudano et al. (2013)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/theil.R'><code>theil</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Entropy (<i>H</i>) based on Theil (1972; ISBN-13:978-0-444-10378-9) and <a href='https://doi.org/10.1080/0022250X.1971.9989795'>Theil & Finizza (1971)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/white.R'><code>white</code></a></td> <td>Compute the aspatial racial or ethnic Correlation Ratio (<i>V</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/2574118'>Bell (1954)</a> and <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/3644339'>White (1986)</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href='/R/white_blau.R'><code>white_blau</code></a></td> <td>Compute an index of spatial proximity (<i>SP</i>) based on <a href='https://doi.org/10.2307/3644339'>White (1986)</a> and Blau (1977; ISBN-13:978-0-029-03660-0)</td> </tr> </tbody> </table>The repository also includes the code to create the project hexagon sticker.
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