Tinyhttp
Tinyhttp中文注解版（适用于c语言初学者），有助理解服务器程序的本质。
Install / Use
/learn @gofish2020/TinyhttpREADME
TinyHttp【中文注解版】
必须推荐的C语言初学者很好的入门项目，镜像Fork自sourceForge。你可以学到网络编程的基本知识以及http如何进行响应和解析，为以后写自己的webserver打下基础。为了方便C语言初学者理解和学习，我对源代码httpd.c进行中文注解（未变动代码细节），对 simpleclient.c文件增加 request_write和response_read两个函数模拟http get请求。
项目托管地址：https://github.com/gofish2020/Tinyhttp，欢迎Star和Fork
简介
TinyHttp是原作者J. David Blackstone在1999年为了完成课堂作业写的一个最简webserver，实现了页面的浏览和CGI的功能。
环境配置
【环境1】:安装C语言开发和调试环境(如已经安装了就不用了），参考链接 https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/571934657?utm_id=0
【环境2】: 安装 perl (mac和Ubuntu默认已装)可以在终端输入which perl判断perl是否已经安装，如果提示类似 usr/bin/perl表示安装成功
【环境3】: 安装 perl-cgi，命令行执行perl -MCPAN -e shell等待安装成功后，显示cpan[1]>后执行 install CGI.pm继续等待安装完成后，执行 perl -MCGI -e 'print "CGI.pm version $CGI::VERSION\n";'验证是否安装成功，出现 CGI.pm version 4.48信息，说明安装成功
踩坑点
【坑点1】
打开 check.cgi和color.cgi文件，看下第一行的 #!/usr/bin/perl -Tw路径是否和上面自己的安装的perl路径一致;
【坑点2】
修改 check.cgi和color.cgi文件权限为可执行权限
chmod a+x check.cgi
chmod a+x color.cgi
代码流程
- 先从
main函数开始 startup：绑定ip和端口，开启监听- 每个连接启动一个线程，在回调函数
accept_request中进行http处理 get_line按照换行符，从连接中读取一行数据，然后请求行进行解析，判断本次请求的目标文件- 如果是请求的目录，执行
serve_file函数 - 如果是请求的cgi脚本，执行
execute_cgi函数
代码中关键函数的理解
get_line函数：先理解http数据包的格式，代码中按照\r\n为分隔符每次读取一行
【请求行】完整的格式为（代码中关于请求行的拆解字符串的处理，参考下面的格式）
GET /user?id=1&country=china HTTP/1.1
execute_cgi函数 中关于管道逻辑的图解
效果展示
-
make编译代码 -
./httpd启动服务
-
浏览器输入
http://127.0.0.1:4000
-
输入颜色
red点击 提交
作者的介绍
This software is copyright 1999 by J. David Blackstone. Permission is granted to redistribute and modify this software under the terms of the GNU General Public License, available at http://www.gnu.org/ .
If you use this software or examine the code, I would appreciate knowing and would be overjoyed to hear about it at jdavidb@sourceforge.net .
This software is not production quality. It comes with no warranty of any kind, not even an implied warranty of fitness for a particular purpose. I am not responsible for the damage that will likely result if you use this software on your computer system.
I wrote this webserver for an assignment in my networking class in 1999. We were told that at a bare minimum the server had to serve pages, and told that we would get extra credit for doing "extras." Perl had introduced me to a whole lot of UNIX functionality (I learned sockets and fork from Perl!), and O'Reilly's lion book on UNIX system calls plus O'Reilly's books on CGI and writing web clients in Perl got me thinking and I realized I could make my webserver support CGI with little trouble.
Now, if you're a member of the Apache core group, you might not be impressed. But my professor was blown over. Try the color.cgi sample script and type in "chartreuse." Made me seem smarter than I am, at any rate. :)
Apache it's not. But I do hope that this program is a good educational tool for those interested in http/socket programming, as well as UNIX system calls. (There's some textbook uses of pipes, environment variables, forks, and so on.)
One last thing: if you look at my webserver or (are you out of mind?!?) use it, I would just be overjoyed to hear about it. Please email me. I probably won't really be releasing major updates, but if I help you learn something, I'd love to know!
Happy hacking!
J. David Blackstone
