---

marp: true theme: default class: lead paginate: true backgroundColor: #fff color: #333 header: 'Scientific AI and the Future of OME-Zarr' footer: '       Matt McCormick, PhD | fideus labs | EMBL BIA 2025'

<style> img[alt~="center"] { display: block; margin: 0 auto; } .small-text { font-size: 0.6em; } </style>

Scientific AI and the Future of OME-Zarr

Building Intelligent Bioimage Analysis Workflows

Matt McCormick, PhD fideus labs

EMBL Advanced Methods in Bioimage Analysis September 17, 2025

<div class="small-text">

🌐 HTML slides | 📄 PDF slides | 📂 GitHub repository

📜 License: Content CC-BY-4.0 | Code MIT

</div>

---

Today's Journey

50 minutes + 10 minutes Q&A

1. Extended introduction to ngff-zarr (15 min)

   • Converting bioimages to OME-Zarr

2. Introduction to MCP Servers (15 min)

   • Add the ngff-zarr MCP server to agentic AI tools

3. The ngff-zarr MCP Server in Action (15 min)

   • AI-powered conversions and batch processing

4. fideus labs introduction (5 min)

---

Part 1: Introduction to ngff-zarr

Next-Generation Scientific Imaging

---

What is OME-Zarr?

• Cloud-native bioimaging file format from the Open Microscopy Environment (OME)
• Built on Zarr - chunked, compressed array storage
• Multiscale pyramidal data structure
• Interoperable across platforms and tools
• FAIR data principles: Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, Reusable

---

Why OME-Zarr Matters

Traditional Problems:

• 🏭 Vendor-specific proprietary formats
• 📦 Monolithic files difficult to stream
• ☁️ Limited cloud compatibility
• 🐢 Poor scalability for large datasets

OME-Zarr Solutions:

• 📖 Open specification
• 🧩 Chunked data access
• 🌐 Cloud-optimized storage
• ⚡ Parallel processing friendly

<!-- footer: '[](https:/fideus.io)' -->

---

What is ngff-zarr?

• ngff-zarr is an lean and kind open-source toolkit for working with OME-Zarr, the next-generation file format for scientific imaging.
• Provides command-line, Python, TypeScript, and AI interfaces for converting, validating, optimizing, and analyzing bioimaging data.
• Developed by the OME-Zarr and ITK communities for interoperability and performance.
• Supports a wide range of scientific image formats and workflows.

<!-- footer: '[](https://fideus.io)&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;Matt McCormick, PhD | fideus labs | EMBL BIA 2025' -->

---

What can ngff-zarr do for you?

• 🔄 Convert your scientific images (NRRD, TIFF, HDF5, and more) to OME-Zarr for scalable, cloud-ready storage.
• ✅ Validate OME-Zarr datasets to ensure compliance and interoperability.
• 🛠️ Optimize chunking and compression for efficient access and storage.
• 🤖 Integrate with AI and analysis tools via the Model Context Protocol (MCP).
• 🚀 Automate batch processing and reproducible workflows for large-scale projects.

---

🛠️ Hands-On: Converting bioimages to OME-Zarr

---

💻 Prerequisites: VS Code Installation

Install Visual Studio Code

Download VS Code:

• 🌐 Web: Visit code.visualstudio.com
• 🐧 Linux: sudo snap install code --classic or download .deb/.rpm
• 🍎 macOS: Download from website or brew install --cask visual-studio-code
• 🪟 Windows: Download installer or winget install Microsoft.VisualStudioCode

---

📦 Prerequisites: Pixi reproducible software environment

---

What is Pixi?

Pixi is a fast, modern, and reproducible package and environment manager built on the conda ecosystem. It provides:

• 🚀 Easy, reproducible environments for any language
• 🛠️ Task runner for project automation
• 🔒 Isolation and cross-platform support (Linux, macOS, Windows)
• 📦 Simple dependency management with a single file (pixi.toml or pyproject.toml)

---

⬇️ How to install Pixi

On Linux/macOS:

wget -qO- https://pixi.sh/install.sh | sh

On Windows (PowerShell):

powershell -ExecutionPolicy ByPass -c "irm -useb https://pixi.sh/install.ps1 | iex"

After installation, add ~/.pixi/bin (Linux/macOS) or %USERPROFILE%\.pixi\bin (Windows) to your PATH if not done automatically.

---

🚀 How to run Pixi tasks

Pixi lets you define and run project tasks in your pixi.toml or pyproject.toml.

To run a task (e.g., start):

pixi run start

You can define custom tasks (like test, lint, etc.) and run them the same way:

pixi run test
pixi run lint

Pixi ensures all dependencies and the environment are set up before running your task.

---

🐚 Interactive shell with pixi shell

Enter an interactive shell with your project environment activated:

pixi shell

What happens:

• 🔧 Environment activated - all dependencies available
• 🎯 Direct command execution - no need for pixi run prefix
• 🚪 Easy exit - just type exit when done

---

👩‍💻️ Exercise 1: Convert the sample NRRD image to OME-Zarr

pixi run convert

---

What Just Happened?

• 🔍 Automatic multiscale generation - without aliasing artifacts
• 🧩 Intelligent chunking - optimized for access patterns
• 📊 Metadata preservation - spatial information maintained
• 🗜️ Compression applied - reduced file size
• ☁️ Cloud-ready format - object-store optimized, can be served via HTTP

---

👩‍💻️ Exercise 2: Convert the sample NRRD image to OME-Zarr version 0.5

pixi run convert-ome-zarr-0.5

# Count the number of files created
find carp.ome.zarr -type f | wc -l

---

👩‍💻️ Exercise 3: Convert the sample NRRD image to OME-Zarr with sharding

pixi run convert-sharding

# Count the number of files created
find carp.ome.zarr -type f | wc -l

---

What Just Happened? ✨ New in OME-Zarr 0.5

• 🪣 Sharding enabled - multiple chunks stored in single files
• 📦 Optimized storage - fewer small files, better filesystem performance

What is Sharding? Sharding combines multiple small chunks into larger "shard" files, dramatically reducing the number files needed to store data while maintaining random access capabilities.

---

Part 2: Introduction to MCP Servers

Connecting AI to Your Data

---

🧠 Understanding Large Language Model (LLM) Context

What is Model Context?

• 📝 Information the AI model can "see" and reason about
• 🧮 Limited capacity - typically measured in tokens (words/symbols)
• ⏱️ Temporary memory - context is conversation-specific
• 🎯 Scope of knowledge for making informed decisions

---

🧠 Understanding Large Language Model (LLM) Context

Why Context Matters:

• 🔍 Better understanding - more relevant, accurate responses
• 🎛️ Tool selection - AI chooses appropriate tools for the task
• 🔗 Data integration - combines multiple information sources
• 🚀 Workflow automation - maintains state across complex operations

The Challenge: How do we give AI access to your scientific data and tools?

---

What is the Model Context Protocol (MCP)?

Universal standard for connecting AI assistants to external data and tools

Key Components:

• 🤖 MCP Client - integrated in AI applications
• 🖥️ MCP Server - exposes specific capabilities
• 🔗 Transport Layer - JSON-RPC 2.0 communication
• 🔧 Standardized Interface - tools, resources, prompts

---

MCP Architecture

AI Application (Qodo, Claude, etc.)
    ↕️ JSON-RPC 2.0
MCP Client
    ↕️ STDIO/HTTP
MCP Server (ngff-zarr)
    ↕️
Scientific Data & Tools

Benefits:

• Single protocol for all integrations
• Bidirectional communication
• Context-aware AI interactions

---

Why MCP for Scientific Computing?

Before MCP:

• 🔧 Custom integrations for each tool
• 🚫 Limited AI access to scientific data
• ✋ Manual, error-prone workflows

With MCP:

• 💬 Natural language interface to scientific tools
• 🤖 Automated data processing pipelines
• 🧠 AI-driven optimization and analysis
• 🔄 Reproducible computational workflows

---

🛠️ Hands-On: Configure Qodo with the ngff-zarr MCP

---

Install uv, if not already installed

pixi global install uv

uvx, which comes with uv, will be used to install the ngff-zarr-mcp command-line tool and its dependencies, and run the MCP server.

---

Install Qodo Extension in VS Code

---

Add Qodo MCP Tools

---

Add new MCP

---

Add the ngff-zarr MCP server config

{
  "mcpServers": {
    "ngffZarr": {
      "command": "uvx",
      "args": ["ngff-zarr-mcp"]
    }
  }
}

---

Watch the ngff-zarr MCP server start

---

Part 3: The ngff-zarr MCP Server

AI-Powered Scientific Image Processing

---

ngff-zarr MCP Server Capabilities

Core Functions:

• 🔄 Convert scientific formats to OME-Zarr
• 🔍 Inspect and validate OME-Zarr stores
• 🛠️ Optimize compression and chunking
• 📝 Generate processing scripts
• 📦 Batch operation planning

AI Integration:

• 💬 Natural language commands
• 🎯 Intelligent parameter selection
• 🤖 Automated workflow generation

---

🛠️ Hands-On: AI-Powered Conversion

---

💬 Convert a bioimage with AI assistance

Put the Qodo Anteater to work!

In Qodo chat:

Convert the vs_male.nrrd file to OME-Zarr format and
find the optimal compression codec for this type of data.

✨ Watch the AI agent:

1. 🔍 Analyze the input file
2. 🎯 Select appropriate parameters
3. ⚙️ Execute the conversion
4. 📊 Report optimization results

---

💬 Examine OME-Zarr contents

Ask the AI to explore:

Examine the contents of carp.ome.zarr and tell me
about its structure, dimensions, and metadata

✨ The AI agent will:

• 🔍 Inspect multiscale levels
• 📏 Report spatial metadata
• 🧩 Analyze chunk structure
• ✨ Suggest next steps

---

💬 Generate batch script

**Scale up with