---

license: MIT name: collect-user-input description: Build forms, validate data, and react to user input in Blazor. USE FOR adding forms, search boxes, filter panels, inline editing, data-entry UI, file uploads, validation (annotations or custom), handling form submissions, and binding input controls. Covers EditForm, built-in input components, DataAnnotationsValidator, custom validation, SSR form patterns (SupplyParameterFromForm, FormName, AntiforgeryToken, Enhance), and @bind for simple interactive controls. DO NOT USE for project scaffolding (see create-blazor-project) or prerendering issues (see support-prerendering).

Collect User Input

Step 1 — Read the Project's AGENTS.md

Check AGENTS.md for Interactivity Mode and Interactivity Scope. This determines which form patterns apply:

| Mode | Form mechanism | |------|---------------| | None (Static SSR) | EditForm with FormName + [SupplyParameterFromForm]. No @bind, no @onchange. | | Server | EditForm with @bind-Value. Full interactivity — real-time validation, dynamic UI. | | WebAssembly | Same as Server, but validators needing server data must call APIs. | | Auto | Same as WebAssembly — code must work in both browser and server. |

| Scope | Impact | |-------|--------| | Global | All forms are interactive. FormName only needed when explicitly opting a page to static SSR. | | Per-page | Forms in static pages use FormName + [SupplyParameterFromForm]. Forms in @rendermode pages use @bind-Value. |

EditForm Setup

EditForm requires either Model or EditContext — never both.

Model-based (default)

<EditForm Model="Employee" OnValidSubmit="HandleSubmit" FormName="employee">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <ValidationSummary />

    <label>
        Name: <InputText @bind-Value="Employee!.Name" />
        <ValidationMessage For="() => Employee!.Name" />
    </label>

    <button type="submit">Save</button>
</EditForm>

@code {
    [SupplyParameterFromForm]
    private EmployeeModel? Employee { get; set; }

    protected override void OnInitialized() => Employee ??= new();

    private async Task HandleSubmit()
    {
        // Save Employee
    }
}

This single pattern works in both SSR and interactive modes:

• In SSR: FormName identifies the form, [SupplyParameterFromForm] binds POST data, ??= initializes on GET.
• In interactive: @bind-Value provides two-way binding, [SupplyParameterFromForm] is ignored, FormName is harmless.

EditContext-based (advanced)

Use when you need programmatic field tracking, dynamic validation rules, or manual EditContext.Validate() calls:

private EditContext? editContext;
private EmployeeModel model = new();

protected override void OnInitialized()
{
    editContext = new EditContext(model);
}

<EditForm EditContext="editContext" OnValidSubmit="HandleSubmit" FormName="employee">

Submit Handlers

| Handler | Fires when | Use when | |---------|-----------|----------| | OnValidSubmit | Validation passes | Standard forms with DataAnnotationsValidator | | OnInvalidSubmit | Validation fails | Need custom handling for invalid state | | OnSubmit | Always — validation is manual | Using EditContext.Validate() yourself |

OnSubmit cannot combine with OnValidSubmit/OnInvalidSubmit.

Built-in Input Components

| Component | Binds to | Notes | |-----------|----------|-------| | InputText | string | Renders <input type="text"> | | InputTextArea | string | Renders <textarea> | | InputNumber<T> | int, double, decimal | Renders <input type="number"> | | InputDate<T> | DateTime, DateOnly, DateTimeOffset | Renders <input type="date"> | | InputCheckbox | bool | Renders <input type="checkbox"> | | InputSelect<T> | string, enums, numeric types | Renders <select> | | InputRadioGroup<T> | string, enums, numeric types | Wraps InputRadio<T> children | | InputFile | IBrowserFile | File upload — interactive modes only |

All input components use @bind-Value for binding. Always wrap text in a <label> or use id/for attributes for accessibility.

InputSelect with enum values

<InputSelect @bind-Value="Model!.Status">
    <option value="">-- Select --</option>
    @foreach (var value in Enum.GetValues<OrderStatus>())
    {
        <option value="@value">@value</option>
    }
</InputSelect>

InputRadioGroup

<InputRadioGroup @bind-Value="Model!.Priority">
    @foreach (var p in Enum.GetValues<Priority>())
    {
        <label>
            <InputRadio Value="p" /> @p
        </label>
    }
</InputRadioGroup>

Validation

Data annotations

Define validation rules on the model:

public class EmployeeModel
{
    [Required, StringLength(100)]
    public string? Name { get; set; }

    [Required, EmailAddress]
    public string? Email { get; set; }

    [Range(18, 99)]
    public int Age { get; set; }

    [Required]
    public string? Department { get; set; }
}

Add <DataAnnotationsValidator /> inside EditForm — without it, annotation attributes are silently ignored.

Display errors with:

• <ValidationSummary /> — all errors in a list
• <ValidationMessage For="() => Model!.FieldName" /> — per-field inline errors

Custom validator component

For server-round-trip validation (uniqueness checks, business rules):

public class CustomValidator : ComponentBase
{
    [CascadingParameter]
    private EditContext? EditContext { get; set; }

    private ValidationMessageStore? messageStore;

    protected override void OnInitialized()
    {
        messageStore = new ValidationMessageStore(EditContext!);
        EditContext!.OnValidationRequested += (s, e) => messageStore.Clear();
        EditContext!.OnFieldChanged += (s, e) => messageStore.Clear(e.FieldIdentifier);
    }

    public void DisplayErrors(Dictionary<string, List<string>> errors)
    {
        foreach (var (field, messages) in errors)
        {
            foreach (var message in messages)
            {
                messageStore!.Add(EditContext!.Field(field), message);
            }
        }
        EditContext!.NotifyValidationStateChanged();
    }

    public void ClearErrors()
    {
        messageStore?.Clear();
        EditContext?.NotifyValidationStateChanged();
    }
}

Usage in a form:

<EditForm Model="Model" OnValidSubmit="HandleSubmit" FormName="register">
    <DataAnnotationsValidator />
    <CustomValidator @ref="customValidator" />
    <ValidationSummary />
    @* inputs *@
</EditForm>

@code {
    private CustomValidator? customValidator;

    private async Task HandleSubmit()
    {
        var errors = await RegistrationService.ValidateAsync(Model!);
        if (errors.Count > 0)
        {
            customValidator!.DisplayErrors(errors);
            return;
        }
        // proceed
    }
}

React to Input Changes (Interactive Only)

@bind:after

Run logic after a bound value changes:

<InputText @bind-Value="Model!.ZipCode" @bind:after="OnZipCodeChanged" />

@code {
    private async Task OnZipCodeChanged()
    {
        // Fetch city/state based on new zip code
        var location = await LocationService.LookupAsync(Model!.ZipCode);
        Model.City = location?.City;
        Model.State = location?.State;
    }
}

@oninput for real-time filtering

<input type="text" @oninput="OnSearchInput" placeholder="Search..." />

@code {
    private string searchTerm = "";
    private List<Item> filteredItems = new();

    private void OnSearchInput(ChangeEventArgs e)
    {
        searchTerm = e.Value?.ToString() ?? "";
        filteredItems = allItems.Where(i =>
            i.Name.Contains(searchTerm, StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase)).ToList();
    }
}

SSR-Specific Patterns

These apply when the form renders in Static SSR (mode = None, or per-page without @rendermode).

SupplyParameterFromForm

Binds POST data to a property on form submission:

[SupplyParameterFromForm]
private ContactModel? Contact { get; set; }

protected override void OnInitialized() => Contact ??= new();

Critical: The ??= in OnInitialized is required. On GET the property is null — ??= creates the model. On POST the framework populates it — ??= preserves the posted values.

FormName — multiple forms on one page

Each form needs a unique FormName:

<EditForm Model="Search" OnSubmit="DoSearch" FormName="search">...</EditForm>
<EditForm Model="Contact" OnValidSubmit="SaveContact" FormName="contact">...</EditForm>

Match [SupplyParameterFromForm] to its form:

[SupplyParameterFromForm(FormName = "search")]
private SearchModel? Search { get; set; }

[SupplyParameterFromForm(FormName = "contact")]
private ContactModel? Contact { get; set; }

Enhanced navigation for forms

Add Enhance for SPA-like form submissions without full page reload:

<EditForm Model="Model" OnValidSubmit="Save" FormName="quick" Enhance>

Enhanced forms submit via fetch, patch the DOM, and preserve scroll position. The page stays interactive-feeling even in SSR.

Plain HTML forms

When using raw <form> instead of EditForm in SSR, add the antiforgery token manually:

<form method="post" @onsubmit="Submit" @formname="raw-form">
    <AntiforgeryToken />
    <input name="Model.Name" value="@Model?.Name" />
    <button type="submit">Send</button>
</form>

EditForm includes the antiforgery token automatically.

File Upload

InputFile works in interactive modes only — not in Static SSR.

<InputFile OnChange="OnFileSelected" accept=".pdf,.jpg,.png" />

@code {
    private IBrowserFile? selectedFile;

    private async Task OnFileSelected(InputFileChangeEventArgs e)
    {
        selectedFile = e.File;

        // Read stream with size limit
        await using var stream = selectedFile.OpenReadStream(maxAllowedSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024);
        // Process stream — save to disk, upload to storage, etc.
    }
}

Stream size limits:

• Server: Default ~30 KB SignalR message size. Call OpenReadStream(maxAllowedSize) to increase. Large files stream over the circuit.
• WebAssembly: File is read in the browser. No SignalR limit, but memory constrained.

For multiple files:

<InputFile OnChange="OnFilesSelected" multiple />

@code {
    private async Task OnFilesSelected(InputFileChangeEventArgs e)
    {
        foreach (var file in e.GetMultipleFiles(maxAllowedFiles: 10))
        {
            await using var stream = file.OpenReadStream(maxAllowedSize: 10 * 1024 * 1024);
            // Process each file
        }
    }
}

Prevent Double Submission

Disable the submit button while processing:

<button type="submit" disabled="@isSubmitting">
    @(isSubmitting ? "Saving..." : "Save")
</button>

@code {
    private bool isSubmitting;

    private async Task HandleSubmit()
    {
        isSubmitting = true;
        try
        {
            await SaveService.SaveAsync(Model!);
        }
        finally
        {
            isSubmitting = false;
        }
    }
}

Custom Validation CSS

Replace the default valid/invalid CSS classes:

public class BootstrapFieldCssClassProvider : FieldCssClassProvider
{
    public override string GetFieldCssClass(EditContext editContext, in FieldIdentifier fieldIdentifier)
    {
        var isValid = !editContext.GetValidationMessages(fieldIdentifier).Any();
        return editContext.IsModified(fieldIdentifier)
            ? (isValid ? "is-valid" : "is-invalid")
            : "";
    }
}

Apply to the form:

protected override void OnInitialized()
{
    editContext = new EditContext(model);
    editContext.SetFieldCssClassProvider(new BootstrapFieldCssClassProvider());
}

Don'ts

• Don't use @bind or @oninput in Static SSR forms — they require inter