SkillSpector

Security scanner for AI agent skills. Detect vulnerabilities, malicious patterns, and security risks before installing agent skills.

Overview

AI agent skills (used by Claude Code, Codex CLI, Gemini CLI, etc.) execute with implicit trust and minimal vetting. In the 31,132-skill analyzed subset of the research dataset, 26.1% of skills contain vulnerabilities and 5.2% show likely malicious intent.

SkillSpector helps you answer: "Is this skill safe to install?"

SkillSpector is part of the NVIDIA Verified Skills pipeline, which scans, evaluates, and signs agent skills before publication. Skills that pass are published to the NVIDIA skills catalog.

Documentation

• Scan agent skills before installation — Hosted guide: when to scan, how to read a report, and how to gate installs.
• Development guide — Architecture, package layout, and how to extend the analyzer pipeline.
• Analysis resource bounds — Fail-closed bundle, parser, nested-artifact, ledger, and finding ceilings.
• Pi extension — Install SkillSpector as a Pi tool for scanning skills from inside agent sessions.
• OpenCode extension — Install SkillSpector as an OpenCode tool and /skillspector command for scanning skills from inside agent sessions.

Features

• Multi-format input: Scan Git repos, URLs, zip files, directories, or single files
• 71 vulnerability patterns across 17 categories: prompt injection, data exfiltration, privilege escalation, supply chain, excessive agency, output handling, system prompt leakage, memory poisoning, tool misuse, rogue agent, anti-refusal, trigger abuse, dangerous code (AST), taint tracking, YARA signatures, MCP least privilege, and MCP tool poisoning
• Two-stage analysis: Fast static analysis + optional LLM semantic evaluation
• Live vulnerability lookups: SC4 queries OSV.dev for real-time CVE data with automatic offline fallback
• Multiple output formats: Terminal, JSON, Markdown, and SARIF reports
• Risk scoring: 0-100 score with severity labels and clear recommendations
• Baseline / false-positive suppression: Accept known findings via a glob-rule or fingerprint baseline so re-scans surface only new issues (docs)

Quick Start

Installation

Open-source software notice: This project will download and install additional third-party open source software projects. Review the license terms of these open source projects before use.

Create and activate a virtual environment first (all make targets assume the venv is active). Use uv or pip; the Makefile uses uv if available, otherwise pip.

Quick install with uv (CLI-only):

uv tool install git+https://github.com/NVIDIA/skillspector.git
# Update later: uv tool update skillspector

If you plan to run skillspector mcp, install the MCP extra at install time:

uv tool install 'skillspector[mcp] @ git+https://github.com/NVIDIA/skillspector.git'

From source:

# Clone the repository
git clone https://github.com/NVIDIA/skillspector.git
cd skillspector

# Create and activate virtual environment
uv venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate
# or: python3 -m venv .venv && source .venv/bin/activate

# Install for production use
make install

# Or install with development dependencies
make install-dev

Docker (no Python required)

Run SkillSpector without installing Python by building it locally from the included Dockerfile. The image is based on the Docker Official Python 3.12-slim-bookworm image.

Build the image:

make docker-build
# or: docker build -t skillspector .

Scan a local directory by mounting your current directory into /scan, the container's working directory:

docker run --rm -v "$PWD:/scan" skillspector scan ./my-skill/ --no-llm

Scan with LLM analysis by passing credentials with a local .env file:

cat > .env <<'EOF'
SKILLSPECTOR_PROVIDER=anthropic
ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-...
EOF

docker run --rm \
  -v "$PWD:/scan" \
  --env-file .env \
  skillspector scan ./my-skill/

Or pass credentials directly from your shell environment:

docker run --rm \
  -v "$PWD:/scan" \
  -e SKILLSPECTOR_PROVIDER=anthropic \
  -e ANTHROPIC_API_KEY="$ANTHROPIC_API_KEY" \
  skillspector scan ./my-skill/

Write a report to the host filesystem by writing to the mounted directory:

docker run --rm \
  -v "$PWD:/scan" \
  skillspector scan ./my-skill/ --no-llm --format json --output report.json

Optional alias for repeated static scans:

alias skillspector-docker='docker run --rm -v "$PWD:/scan" skillspector'
skillspector-docker scan ./my-skill/ --no-llm

Basic Usage

# Scan a local skill directory
skillspector scan ./my-skill/

# Scan a single SKILL.md file
skillspector scan ./SKILL.md

# Scan a Git repository
skillspector scan https://github.com/user/my-skill

# Scan a zip file
skillspector scan ./my-skill.zip

Size limits

SkillSpector enforces two independent caps on remote and archive inputs to bound the impact of oversized downloads and zip bombs:

• Per-ingest cap: INGEST_MAX_BYTES (100 MiB) — applied to streamed URL downloads, total uncompressed size of zip archives, and post-clone disk usage of Git repos.
• Zip member cap: INGEST_MAX_ZIP_MEMBERS (10,000) — caps the number of entries in a single zip.

Note that the per-file 1 MB analysis cap (MAX_FILE_BYTES) is a separate, downstream limit: it bounds what individual analyzers will read out of an already-ingested directory. The ingest caps above bound how much content can land on disk in the first place. A breach of either ingest cap fails closed with an IngestLimitExceededError.

Output Formats

# Terminal output (default) - pretty formatted
skillspector scan ./my-skill/

# JSON output - machine readable
skillspector scan ./my-skill/ --format json --output report.json

# Markdown output - for documentation
skillspector scan ./my-skill/ --format markdown --output report.md

# SARIF output - for CI/CD integration and IDE tooling
skillspector scan ./my-skill/ --format sarif --output report.sarif

Batch Scanning

Scan entire directories of skills in parallel from contrib/batch_scan/:

python -m contrib.batch_scan.batch_scan ./my-skills/ --no-llm
python -m contrib.batch_scan.batch_scan ./my-skills/ --workers 20 -f json -o report.json
python -m contrib.batch_scan.batch_scan ./tests/fixtures/ -f terminal --workers 20

Supports multilingual detection (zh/ja/ko) and terminal/JSON/Markdown output.

For LLM scans with higher concurrency, configure multiple API keys following .env.example — the pool improves throughput and resilience, provided the keys don't share an account-level rate limit.

See the contrib guide for details.

Note on LLM support: The default configuration targets DeepSeek as the cheapest public option. DeepSeek-Chat is expected to sunset, and the contributor does not have hardware to test against local models. The batch scanner was originally tested with OpenAI-compatible endpoints — DeepSeek's lack of structured-output support required manual JSON-parsing patches. If you can contribute a more universal backend (Ollama, vLLM, or a different provider), PRs are very welcome.

Suppressing False Positives (baseline)

Suppress known/accepted findings so the risk score reflects only un-triaged issues and re-scans surface only new findings. See the suppression guide for the full reference.

# Accept all current findings into a baseline (run once), then commit it.
skillspector baseline ./my-skill/ -o .skillspector-baseline.yaml

# Scan against the baseline — only NEW findings are reported and scored.
skillspector scan ./my-skill/ --baseline .skillspector-baseline.yaml

# Review what was suppressed (still excluded from the score).
skillspector scan ./my-skill/ --baseline .skillspector-baseline.yaml --show-suppressed

A baseline can also use drift-tolerant glob rules (by rule id, file path, or message) — see .skillspector-baseline.example.yaml. Exact fingerprint baselines are evidence-bound: changing the scanned source or SkillSpector version keeps the finding active until it is reviewed again. When a selected baseline or baseline output is stored inside the skill directory, SkillSpector excludes that exact file from content analysis so its suppression text cannot create findings or enter regenerated fingerprints; sibling files remain in normal scan scope.

LLM Analysis

For the best results, configure an OpenAI-compatible LLM endpoint for semantic analysis. Pick a provider with SKILLSPECTOR_PROVIDER; hosted providers ship bundled default models, while CLI providers fall back to the local runtime's default model unless SKILLSPECTOR_MODEL is set. SkillSpector also works against local OpenAI-compatible servers (Ollama, vLLM, llama.cpp) and managed inference gateways.

| Provider (SKILLSPECTOR_PROVIDER) | Credential env var | Endpoint | Default model | | ---------- | ---- | ---- | ---- | | openai | OPENAI_API_KEY (+ optional OPENAI_BASE_URL) | api.openai.com (or any OpenAI-compatible URL) | gpt-5.4 | | anthropic | ANTHROPIC_API_KEY | api.anthropic.com | claude-opus-4-6 | | anthropic_proxy | ANTHROPIC_PROXY_API_KEY + ANTHROPIC_PROXY_ENDPOINT_URL | Any Vertex-style raw-predict proxy | claude-sonnet-4-6 | | bedrock | AWS_PROFILE (optional) + AWS_REGION — SigV4 via boto3 | AWS Bedrock Runtime | us.anthropic.claude-sonnet-4-6-20250915-v1:0 | | nv_build | NVIDIA_INFERENCE_KEY | build.nvidia.com | z-ai/glm-5.2 | | ollama | (none) | OLLAMA_BASE_URL (default http://localhost:11434/v1) | llama3.1:8b | | azure_openai | AZURE_OPENAI_API_KEY + AZURE_OPENAI_ENDPOINT | Azure OpenAI Service | gpt-4o (deployment defaults to the model label) | | openai_compatible | SKILLSPECTOR_COMPAT_API_KEY + SKILLSPECTOR_COMPAT_BASE_URL | Any OpenAI-compatible endpoint | llama-3.1-70b-versatile | | claude_cli | (none — uses local CLI auth) | local claude binary | local Claude runtime fallback, or SKILLSPECTOR_MODEL | | codex_cli | (none — uses local CLI auth) | local codex binary | local Codex runtime fallback, or SKILLSPECTOR_MODEL | | gemini_cli | (none — uses local CLI auth) | local gemini binary | local Gemini runtime fallback, or SKILLSPECTOR_MODEL | | opencode_cli | (none — uses local CLI auth) | local opencode 1.18.31 binary | local OpenCode runtime fallback, or SKILLSPECTOR_MODEL |

# Stock OpenAI
export SKILLSPECTOR_PROVIDER=openai
export OPENAI_API_KEY=sk-...
skillspector scan ./my-skill/

# Anthropic
export SKILLSPECTOR_PROVIDER=anthropic
export ANTHROPIC_API_KEY=sk-ant-...
skillspector scan ./my-skill/

# Anthropic via Vertex-style proxy (corporate gateways, GCP Vertex AI)
export SKILLSPECTOR_PROVIDER=anthropic_proxy
export ANTHROPIC_PROXY_ENDPOINT_URL=https://my-gateway.example.com/models/claude-sonnet-4-6:streamRawPredict
export ANTHROPIC_PROXY_API_KEY=your-bearer-token
export SKILLSPECTOR_MODEL=claude-sonnet-4-6
skillspector scan ./my-skill/

# AWS Bedrock (Claude via SigV4)
export SKILLSPECTOR_PROVIDER=bedrock
# Optional: select an AWS named pro