RAR

R Package for Rest Activity Rhythm analysis

This package is intended for easy extraction of features of rest activity rhythms (RARs) collected using actigraphy data that has ben condensed into epochs (e.g. activity counts within 30 second, 60 second, etc epochs). This package utilizes three main approaches for analysis:

• Parametric Approach: Sigmoidally transformed extended cosine models
• Residual Circadian Spectrum Analysis: Spectral analysis based on residuals of fitted cosine models
• Localized Measures: Mean, standard devation, and relative activity measures within user-specified time bins.

Example of activity patterns estimated using RAR

Sigmoidally transformed extended cosine models

<img src="https://github.com/JessLGraves/RAR/blob/master/images/param_ex1.png" width="400"> _{<b> Figure 1. </b> 60-second epoch RAR data with fitted antilogistic cosine model (red). Top right: residuals estimated from the fitted anti-logistic model.} <br>

See <a href = "https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/sim.2466">Marler et al. 2006</a> for a summary of the model structure and parameters estimated from the models.

Residual Circadian Spectrum Analysis

<img src="https://github.com/JessLGraves/RAR/blob/master/images/RAR_Spectrum_bands.png" width="500"> _{<b> Figure 2. </b> Top left: 60-second epoch RAR data with fitted antilogistic cosine model (red). Top right: residuals estimated from the fitted anti-logistic model. Bottom left: estimated log power spectrum of the residuals from the top right panel with a smoothing cubic spline (blue). Bottom right: example of frequency band selection (a, b) to estimate frequency band score.}<br> <br> Spectral analysis is performed on the residuals of derived from the anti-logistic extended cosine model. From there, a user-specified band (a, c) for which the area under the smoothed spectrum is estimated. <br>

See <a href = "https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12561-018-09230-2"> Krafty et al. 2019 </a> for methodology underlying residual circadian spectrum analysis and frequency band estimation.

Localized Measures

<img src="https://github.com/JessLGraves/RAR/blob/master/images/graves_sensors_figure.png" width="500"> _{<b> Figure 3. </b> Example of mean and SD of activity estiamted using RAR_Local function. Mean and standard deviation of daily log activity counts stratified by the Pittsburgh Fatigability Scale (PFS) at 4-h time bin intervals. Solid line represents greater perceived physical fatigability (PFS ≥ 15); dotted line represents lesser perceived physical fatigability (PFS < 15). <i>Taken from <a href = "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1718">Graves et al. 2021, Sensors</a></i>}

Basics of using RAR

# install_github("JessLGraves/RAR")
library(RAR)
data(age_wise) # example dataset

d <- age_wise

#### Cosine Modeling
rar_ex <- RAR(d, act, date_time, id_column=id) 
rar_ex$parameters # parameter estimates
rar_ex$messages # convergence messages for each participant
rar_ex$df_predicted # dataframe of obseved activity and predicted values
rar_ex$df_interp # predictions based on interpolated data (i.e. missing data)

## Visualizing RAR model
RAR_plot(rar, id_vals = c(1, 29))$plot_log.act

### Residual Circadian Spectrum
spec <- RAR_Spectrum(rar_ex, "pss", TRUE, id)
RAR_Spectrum_plot(spec, id_vals=c(1, 29)) # plotting only participants 1 and 29
# Frequency band selection
f1 <- c(0, 2/24); f2 <- c(2/24, 25); f3 <- c(25, 60)
fs <- rbind(f1, f2, f3)
bands <- RAR_SpectrumBands(spec, fs, id_column=id) # frequency band score for each frequency interval

### Localized Measures
hour_interval <- 4
local <- RAR_Local(d, act, date_time, hour_interval, id_column=id)
local$localized # print of mean, sd, relative activity for each 4-hour time interval 
# plotting mean, sd, and relative activity
local_plots <- RAR_Local_plot(local, id_vals=c(1, 29))
local_plots$plot_mean
local_plots$plot_sd
local_plots$plot_rel

Publications which have used RAR

• Graves, Jessica L., et al. "Profiles of Accelerometry-Derived Physical Activity Are Related to Perceived Physical Fatigability in Older Adults." Sensors 21.5 (2021): 1718. <a href = "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/5/1718"> link </a>
• Smagula, Stephen F., et al. "Activity patterns related to depression symptoms in stressed dementia caregivers." International psychogeriatrics (2019): 1-8. <a href = "https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/abs/activity-patterns-related-to-depression-symptoms-in-stressed-dementia-caregivers/B241BD2B09FEF44A715F2424F7B62294"> link </a>

See manual.pdf for more information .