SmartParking

This is a cross platform mobile application created using Ionic 4 framework with angular 7 and firebase Cloud db for storage and real time processing. This is an assistive smart parking management system that will enable users to view all available parking spaces in real time, providing reservation features for registered members, users can also file complain which will be received by the application admin logged on. upon arrival to UTECH the same app provides levels of access therefore admin will have access to an admin portal from which they can allocate, deallocate, view reports made by user, view all vehicles parked and their respective information as well as manage system. University of Technology, Jamaica

Table of Contents Acknowledgement………………………………………………………………………...……7 Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………8 Chapter I The Problem Introduction……………………………………………………………………………...9 Statement of Problem…………………………………………………………………....10 Purpose of this Project…...……………………………………………………………....11 Hypothesis…………………….………………………………………………………....11 Limitations……………………………………………………………………………….12 Delimitations……………………………………………………..……………………....12 Significance of the Study………………………………………………………………...13 Definition of Terms…………………………………………………………………........13 Chapter II Literature Review Introduction ………………………………………………………………….................16 Parking Lot Management…………………………………………………………….....16 Smart Parking Systems………………………………………………………….….......18 Categories of Smart Parking Systems………………………………………………….18 Parking Guidance and Information System (PGIS)…………………………….18 Transit Based Information System (TBIS)……………………………………..19 Smart Payment System (SPS)…………………………………………………..19 E-parking…………………………………....………………………………….19 Automated Parking System ……………………………………………………20 Smart Parking Design Models………………………………………………………….20 Smart Parking Implementation……………………………………………………..…..21 Technologies used for Designing Smart Parking Solutions………………………….…23 Crowdsourcing……………………………………………………………………...…..24 Challenges in Implementing Smart Parking Systems…………………………………..25 Smart Parking System Architecture…………………………………………………….26 Benefits of Smart Parking systems……………………………………………………..28 Smart Parking – Key Stakeholders……………………………………………………..29 Drivers……………………………………………………………………………………30 Parking enforcement officers and agencies…………………………………………30 Businesses/Institutions…………………………………………………………………30 Methods to Discourage Parking and Reservation Policy Violations……………………30 Safety Concerns with the Use of Smart Parking Mobile Applications…………………31 Solutions to Safety concerns with the use of smart parking mobile applications………32 Alternatives to Smart Parking Systems and their Shortcomings……………………….33 Transportation Planning on University Campuses……………………………………...36 Conclusion……………………………………………………………………………...37

Chapter III Methodology Introduction………………………....……………………..…………………………....39 Research Design………………………………………………………………………...39 Population ………………………………………………………...…………………….40 Procedures ………………………………………………………...……………………40 Functional Requirements ………………………………………………………...……..43 Non-Functional Requirements ………………………………………………………….44 Project Design ………………………………………………………...………………...45 GUI Images of the Proposed Assistive Parking Application……………………47 Service Organization Architecture……………………………………………………...51 Timeline…………………………………………………………………………………53 Resources Used………………………………………………………………………….53 Application Development……………………………………………………………….55 Set up Environment…………………………………………………………......55 Application Development……………………………………………………….56 Application Testing……………………………………………………………...56 Test Assumptions……..…………………………………………….…...57 Test Principles…………………..……………………………………….57 Test Method…………….………………………………………….…….57 Application Deployment………………………………………………………….……..58 Resources Required……………………………………………………………………..59 Expected Outcome and Benefits………………………………………………………..59

Chapter IV Findings Introduction ……………………………………………………………………………..61 Data Analysis……………………………………………………………………………62 Car Count at Peak Hours………………………………………………………...62 Time Taken to Find Parking Spaces with Current Parking System……………………..62 Time Taken to Find Parking Spaces with Proposed Assistive Parking System………....65 Discussion……………………………………………………………………………….66 Chapter V SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS & RECOMMENDATIONS Summary of the Research………………………………………………………………..68 Findings Conclusions…………………………………………………………………….71 Project Conclusions……………………………………………………………………...71 Recommendations………………………………………………………………………..72 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………...74 References…………………………………………………………………………………….....99

List of Figures Figure 1: Reservation Parking Space Screen…………………………………………………..47 Figure 2: View Parking Spaces as a Student or Staff Member………………………………48 Figure 3: Process of Reserving a Parking Space on Campus………………………………..49 Figure 4: Process of Allocating a Parking Spot……………………………………………….50 Figure 5: S.O.A Diagram…………………………………………………..……………………..53 Figure 6: Column Chart showing the number of cars that entered and exited the UTech campus for weekday Monday at three (3) 30minute periods for the course of two (2) months…….62 Figure 7: Column Chart showing the number of cars that entered and exited the UTech campus for weekday Thursdays at three (3) 30minute periods for the course of two (2) months…..62 Figure 8: Bar graph showing the time taken by the research team to find an available parking space, during peak hours with UTECH’s current parking system. ……………………………65 Figure 9: Bar Graph showing the time taken by the research team to find an available parking space, during peak hours with the proposed assistive parking system. ………………………66 Figure 10: Smart Parking Allocation Center……………………………………………………..74 Figure 11: Timeline of This Research Project…………………………………………………….75 Figure 12: Sketch diagram of the deallocation process. ………………………………………...76 Figure 13: Screenshots of the “home screen” and the “Make a reservation” screen of the mobile application…………………………………………………..…………………………………………...77 Figure 14: Screenshots of the “Report an Issue” screen of the mobile application…………..78 Figure 15: Screenshots of the real time “Parking Lot View” screen of the mobile application..79 Figure 16: Screenshots of the “User Login” screen of the mobile application…………………..80 Figure 17: Screenshots of the “Registration” screen of the mobile application…………………81 Figure 18: Screenshots of the “Administrator’s Portal” screen of the mobile application…….82 Figure 19: Screenshots of the “Allocate Vehicle” screen of the mobile application…………….83 Figure 20: Screenshots of the “Deallocation” screen of the mobile application………………..84 Figure 21: Screenshots of the “View Vehicles Parked” screen of the mobile application…….85 Figure 22: Screenshots of the “Check Reports” screen of the mobile application……………..86 Figure 23: Screenshots of the “Manage System” screen of the mobile application……………87 Figure 24: Sequence Diagram for login process…………………………………………………...88 Figure 25: Sequence Diagram for Register Now Process………………………………………….89 Figure 26: Sequence Diagram for Allocate Vehicle………………………………………………..90 Figure 27: Sequence Diagram for Deallocate Vehicle……………………………………………..91 Figure 28: Sequence Diagram for View Vehicles Parked…………………………………………92 Figure 29: Sequence Diagram for Checking and Deleting Reports………………………………93 Figure 30: Sequence Diagram for Manage System………………………………………………….94 Figure 31: Sequence Diagram for Reservations……………………………………………………..95 Figure 32: Sequence Diagram to Report an Issue…………………………………………………..96 Figure 33: Use Case Diagram for Assistive Parking Mobile Application………………………97 Figure 34: UML Diagram for Assistive Parking Mobile Application……………………………98

Acknowledgement The successful completion of this major project would not have been possible without the help of several individuals. The research team would like to express their sincerest gratitude to everyone who helped us along the way. We would like to express a huge thank you to our supervisor Ms. Christine Anuli who guided us throughout every single step of this research project and who provided us with support, feedback and encouragement whenever we needed it. To every other stakeholder, staff member and participant an immense thank you, because without you guys we would not have been able to complete this seemingly insurmountable task.
Abstract Searching for a parking space in a congested city or campus parking lot has become a major issue over the years. In this research, we proposed to test the hypothesis that modern technologies such as Mobile Communication, Cloud Computing, Crowd-Sourcing, and a barcode can be used to design cost-effective smart parking solutions to fit within the paradigm of a smart city in Jamaica. We employed these methods to develop a mobile application to help users find a parking space in the quickest/ shortest possible time. Additionally, the application allows users to make real-time reservations of available parking spaces. The check-in and check-out of vehicles will be done in a fast and efficient manner, thus preventing any particular traffic build up at the gate. Finally, we employed the method of rapid application development for developing our prototype and to test our application so as to gather requirements as we go along and test our prototype to see if the requirements are being met.

Chapter 1 The Problem/ Need for the Project Introduction With the rapid development of urban regions, it is estimated that 30% of traffic congestion in an urban area is caused by vehicles searching for available parking spaces, where it takes drivers an average of 7.8 minutes to find a parking space (Arnott et al, 2005). Following the rapid increase of car ownership, cities are suffering from a lack of car parking areas; with an imbalance between parking supply and demand which can be considered the initial reason for metropolitan parking problems (Shou