Minishell - 42 Project (125/100) (Made together with Eutrius)

Minishell is a fully functional and robust UNIX shell, developed as part of the 42 School curriculum. This project replicates the behavior of a real shell while deep-diving into complex C concepts such as binary trees, enums, function pointers, bitwise operations, recursion, and more. With a debug mode to visualize the execution tree and a bulletproof implementation free from memory leaks and segmentation faults, this Minishell is as solid as it gets. 🚀

🌟 Features

• Command execution (including built-in and external commands)
• Binary tree-based parser for structured command execution
• Signal handling (CTRL+C, CTRL+D, CTRL+Z support)
• Recursive execution for complex command structures
• Bitwise operations for efficient flag management
• Function pointers for dynamic command handling
• Full support for pipes (|), redirections (>, >>, <), and heredoc (<<)
• Environment variable expansion ($VAR)
• Wildcards (*) support for flexible file matching
• Debug mode to visualize the execution tree
• Support for logical operators (&&, ||) and parentheses for grouping commands
• Bulletproof stability (no memory leaks, no segmentation faults)
• Fully completed with bonuses (125/100 score!)

🛠️ Compilation & Usage

🔧 Build

make

🚀 Run Minishell

./minishell

💧 Check Leaks

make valgrind

🔍 Debug Mode

To visualize the execution tree:

Type debug while inside minishell.
Type debug again to exit debugging mode.

📌 Built-in Commands

• cd - Change directory
• pwd - Print working directory
• echo - Print output
• export - Set environment variables
• unset - Remove environment variables
• env - Display environment variables
• exit - Exit the shell

📖 How It Works

1. Lexing & Parsing - The input is tokenized and structured into a binary tree.
2. Execution Tree - Commands are executed based on their tree structure.
3. Redirections & Pipes - Proper file descriptor management ensures smooth execution.
4. Logical Operators & Parentheses - Commands can be grouped using () and executed conditionally with && and ||.
5. Signal Handling - Interruptions are properly managed.
6. Memory Management - Every allocation is tracked, ensuring zero memory leaks.

📷 Debug Mode Example (Execution Tree)

      [PIPE]
      /    \
   [CMD]  [CMD]
  /      \
ls       wc -l

🏆 Why This Minishell?

✅ Complete implementation with bonuses (125/100 score)
✅ Memory-leak-free & crash-proof
✅ Optimized with recursion, enums, and bitwise operations
✅ Debug mode for easy visualization
✅ Supports complex shell behaviors including logical operators and parentheses

📝 License

This project is open-source and free to use for educational purposes.

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Welcome to your new favorite shell! 🐚🚀